Paragraph Development by Analogy
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The document discusses how analogies can be used to develop paragraphs. It provides three examples of paragraphs that use analogies: 1. Comparing a book to a mansion with rooms of different sizes and functions to explain how parts of a book contribute to the overall work. 2. Drawing an analogy between white blood cells and cellular defenders to explain the immune response. 3. Using building a fence as an analogy for writing an essay to explain the process of determining needs, creating a plan, gathering materials, and constructing a coherent whole.
Paragraph Development by Analogy
- 2. Objectives: 1. To learn how analogies are used to develop a paragraph 2. To read essays and be able to understand how analogies were applied in the paragraphs
- 3. Example # 1 How to Read a Book A book is like a single house. It is a mansion of many rooms on different levels, of different sizes and shapes, with different outlooks, rooms with different functions to perform. These rooms are independent, in part. Each has its own structure and interior decoration. But they are not absolutely independent and separate. They are connected by doors and arches, by corridors and stairways. Because they are connected, the partial function which each performs contributes its share to the usefulness of the whole house. Otherwise the house would not be
- 4. What are Analogies? An expression of similarity between two unlike things. They are most commonly used to explain something unknown in terms of something known An analogy is also a comparison which shows that if two things are alike in one way, they can be alike in others.
- 5. Writing Paragraphs with Analogies When explaining difficult concepts, use something with which the reader is likely to be familiar and compare it to the concept in question. Be sure you know enough about both to be able to carry the comparison out. There must be some similarity between the two relationships. Do not try to stretch an analogy too far.
- 6. Example # 2: The Immunological Defenders and How They Work The immune response of billions of cellular defenders is carried out by different kinds of white bloodcells, all of which are continuously being produced in the bone marrow. Neutrophils, one type ofwhite blood cell, travel in the blood stream to areas of invasion, attacking and ingesting pathogens. Macrophages, or "big eaters," take up stations in tissues and act as scavengers, devouring pathogens and worn-
- 7. Example # 3 Students are often confounded by the prospect of writing an essay for the first time. I tell them that the process of writing an essay is not much different than the process of building a fence around a yard. Both the fence and the essay are structures, systems composed of interrelated parts that function as a whole. First one determines the need for the structure, gauging whether it will help to solve some problem one has identified or make matters worse. Next will come some kind of rough plan and a determination of necessary parts and equipment. At about this stage, the writer or builder generally stops to ponder whether the project will be worth what it costs.
- 8. If he’s still game, he’ll draft more specific plans, and start gathering the materials and the tools. Depending on what he’s building, he’ll probably have to discover if parts have to go together in any certain order or if certain relationships have to be consistent throughout. The careful craftsman measures twice and cuts once, which means, as the thing goes together, lots of re-examination of how parts fit together and how they are joined. The basic foundation parts go up first, and then substantial identifying parts of the structure are added, and finally the whole is finished, polished up, as it were, to give the casual observer the impression that it is a single, unified, coherent whole.