Paraphrasing techniques
- 1. PARAPHRASING Techniques Tactics to rewrite something in a different way
- 2. What is Paraphrasing??? o o o o PARAPHRASING IS… A rewriting of text in your own words Used to clarify meaning Used to shorten a longer statement but keeps the main ideas
- 3. Paraphrasing To paraphrase is to say the same thing in another way, using your own words. We can successfully paraphrase by using a combination of techniques.
- 4. Paraphrasing Techniques 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Change from a Clause to a Phrase (or vice versa) Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech (or vice versa) Change from Active Voice to Passive Voice (or vice versa) Change to Synonyms Change Word Forms
- 5. Change from a Clause to a Phrase After he studied, John took a nap. After studying, John took a nap. ♦The house across the street is new. ♦The house that is across the street is new.
- 6. Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect Speech Mr. Lee said, “I am ready for lunch.” Mr. Lee said he was ready for lunch. “I am ready for lunch.”
- 7. Change from Active Voice to Passive Voice A hotel employee will carry your bags. Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee.
- 8. ……and replace words with synonyms. A hotel employee will carry your bags. Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee. ♦Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.
- 9. Change Word Forms Use an adverb instead of an adjective Use a verb to replace a noun. John is an accurate typist. John types accurately.
- 10. Change to Synonyms Replace the original words with words that mean the same. e.g. Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on how nonverbal behaviour may reveal real inner states. Paul Ekman who works at the University of California has performed a sequence of investigations on the way nonverbal behaviour may disclose real internal conditions.
- 11. Change to Synonyms (e.g.) Memory is the capacity for storing and retrieving information. Memory is the facility for keeping and recovering data.
- 12. Combine Techniques Change to a phrase & add synonyms or definitions After he ate lunch, Mike took a nap. After eating lunch, Mike slept a little.
- 13. Combine Techniques Change to a phrase & add synonyms or definitions The house that is across the street is old. The house across the street is old. The house on the other side of the street is old. The dwelling on the other side of the road is ancient.
- 14. Interpret Meaning…….Identify the underlying meaning of a statement. The wolf said, “I am ready for lunch.” The sheep looked very worried. The wolf complained about being hungry which made the sheep extremely anxious. I am ready for Lunch
- 15. Change transitions Although it was raining, Bob walked to work. It was raining, but Bob walked to work. It was raining; however, Bob walked to work.
- 16. …… and change word forms Although it was raining, Bob walked to work. It was raining, but Bob walked to work. It was raining; however, Bob walked to work. ♦Despite the rain, Bob went to work on foot.
- 17. Your Turn Paraphrase the following: • Today, people are worried about internet security. • Advocates of internet tracking believe that it helps marketers to understand what people want. • People who oppose internet tracking believe that it is an invasion of privacy. • This information age will cause more and more people to become concerned with the level of personal detail that can be found from the internet.