Performance Analysis of Optimization Techniques for OLSR Routing Protocol for VANET

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | Sep -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Performance Analysis of Optimization Techniques for OLSR Routing
Protocol for VANET
Suhaib sheikh1, Bhawna Sharma2, Sunil Panjeta3
1,2 Mtech scholar in electronics and communication engineering, YIET, Haryana, India
3 Assistant professor, Dept. of electronics and communication engineering, YIET, Haryana, India
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Abstract - Vehicular ad hoc network is an infrastructureless
network where each network node not only acts as a host but
also acts as a router. The environment is highly dynamic due
to mobile nature of nodes. upon a routing protocol of these
networks, The accurate functioning depends that canrespond
to the rapid changes in the topology. Our interest is focused on
the OLSR routing protocol, which uses hello and topology
control (TC) messages to discover and then disseminate link
state information throughout the mobile ad hoc network. The
impact of Hello messages on the performance of OLSR in term
of packet delivery ratio, delay and throughput we discuss. The
objective of this thesis is to study the impact of tuning on the
performance of mobile routing Protocol, OLSR, which is
proactive routing protocol. Since not many VANETshavebeen
deployed, most of the studies are based on simulation. Also for
this thesis, experiments are conducted by network
simulator2.34 by using tool command language. To analyze
the performance of routing protocol OLSR by tuning its
parameters a basic framework is employed. by applying an
optimizationapproachWe initiallyevaluatedtheperformance
in terms of QOS that obtains automatically efficient OLSR
parameter configurations by coupling two differentstages: an
optimization procedure and a simulation stage. It is observed
that tuned-OLSR outperformed OLSR. The three basic
parameters are tuned by applying genetic (GA), simulate
annealing (SA) and particle swarm (PSO) algorithms. As
compared to the respective performance of OLSR It shows
considerable increase in throughput, packetdeliveryratio and
a substantial decrease in delay. The possibility of
automatically and efficiently customizinganyprotocolfor any
VANET scenario the optimization methodology presented in
this work (coupling meta heuristics and a simulator) offers.
Key Words: Android app, Application PacKage File, APK
files structure, Android’s four-layer model
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANET)
Vehicular ad hoc network is a unique form of MANET which
is a vehicle to vehicle & vehicle roadside wireless
communication network. It is autonomous & self-organizing
wireless communication network, where nodes in VANET
involve themselves as servers and/or clients for exchanging
& sharing information [1]. VANET has set of distinctive
property, A unique case of Manet. Highways, junctions,
traffic lights, avenues confine movements of nodes. It
generates specific mobility patterns opposed to MANET.
Vehicles move very faster than nodes in MANET gives
shorter connection time between nodes. So network
disconnection taken placefrequentlyandroutemaintenance
is harder compared to MANET [2].
1.2 Routing in VANETs
Routing in VANET can be classified under transmission
strategies or routing information. Unicast, broadcast,
multicast are various transmission strategies. Generally
numerous routing information used Topology based and
position based routing protocols, like position based mostly
routing needed preinstalled map or route information [2].
1.2.1 Transmission strategies based classification
According to transmission strategies routing can be
classified under Unicast, broadcast and multicast. Multicast
further partitioned into geocast and cluster based routing
protocols.
Unicast routing - one to one communication take place
Using multihop method; where intermediate nodesareused
to forward data. This is the widely used class in ad hoc
network. Many Unicast routing protocols are planned For
VANET; most of the topology based routings are Unicast
such as AODV, DSR, and GPSR etc.
Broadcast routing - onetoall communicationtakes place.
Flooding, BROADCOMM, DV-CAST etc. are broadcast
protocols. In VANET this is most frequently used routing
protocol especially to communicate the safety related
message. Simplest of broadcastmethodiscarriedbyflooding
in which each node rebroadcast the message to other
nodes. But with larger density of nodes, this causes
exponential increase in bandwidth.
Multicast routing - one to many communication take
place. This can be further partitioned into geocast and
cluster based. In cluster based routing, nodes automatic
partitioned into cluster and one cluster head is selected and
all outgoing and incoming communication taken place

through it. COIN and CBDRP are cluster based routing. In
geocast routing, message delivery to other nodesliewithina
specific geographic area, like area where accident taken
place. Example, ZOR (Zone of Relevance).
1.2.2 Routing Information based classification
This class used link or position information for routing.used
link’s information stored in routing tables for forwarding
packet to destination and positionbasedroutingusednode’s
position for forwarding packets Topology relayed routing.
This position information obtains from GPS.
1.2.3 Topology based routing protocols
Topology based routing protocols use links informationthat
exists in the network to achieve packet forwarding. Routing
table, maintained at each node, are used to store the link
information of all others node in given topology. As the
nodes in VANETs are constantly moving, routing table must
be maintained frequently[2].Theseroutingprotocolsuse the
link information which exists in thenetwork tosendthedata
packets from source to destination. They can also be
classified as active (table-driven) and reactive (on demand)
routing [3].
Figure 1: Taxonomy of routing protocols
1.2.3.1 Proactive (table-driven)
Proactive protocols are used to establish the routes in
advance on the basis of the periodic exchange of routing
tables.
a) The protocol Optimized Link State Routing
Protocol (OLSR)
The protocol Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)
OLSR is a link-state protocol, which optimizes the way of
broadcast of control messages to save bandwidth
consumption through the use of the concept of "multipoint
relays".
b)Fisheye State Routing (FSR)
FSR is a proactive protocol link state. on the calculation of
the route locally A faraway topology change has not a
significant influence It supposethat.Therefore,theexchange
of routing table updates is a function of the distance. More a
node is faraway less it receives local topology updates. With
updates FSR does not deluge the network, but all nodes
periodically exchange with its neighbors partial routing
update information. Indeed, all links propagates hop by hop
in each sends. FSR has a inclusive map of the network but
cannot guarantee accuracy of all connections between
farther nodes.
1.2.3.2 Reactive (On Demand)
Reactive protocols, only keep the roadsinuseforrouting. On
demand at the time of packet routing, the protocol will
search through the network a route to the destination. to
flood the network with a query The predictable method of
route lookup is, in order to find the target station, which
responds with the reverse path.
a) Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)
Based on the "source routing" The DSR protocol is, which
means that the path travelled by the packetisincludedin the
header of the data packet from the source to be read by
routers. the first is used to find routes on require, and the
second is responsible for the maintenance of the
communication route in progress:Twodistinctmechanisms,
The DSR protocol is composed of. the path preservation
process does not nearby repair a broken link and the
performance of the protocol decreases with increasing
mobility The limitation of this protocol is that.
b) Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV)
AODV is a reactive protocol based on the principles of
distance vector routing protocols. in DSR discovery and
maintenance of routes It borrows its mechanismsandusesa
hop by hop routing, and sequence numbers. AODV builds
routes by using a series of queries "route request / route
reply"[4, 5].
RELATED WORK
The research work performed in this field by diverse
researchers is presented as follows:
Mr. Bhagirath Patel et al. [1] a subclassofmobileadhoc
network (MANET), Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is
a promising approach for the intelligent transport system
(ITS). VANET permits vehicles to make a self-organized
network while not the necessity for a permanent
infrastructure. Because the VANET features a potential in

rising road safety, real time traffic update and different
travel comforts, it turns attention of the research worker.
like self-organized network, dynamic topology, unintended
nature etc. however several common individuality VANET
and Manet shares, VANET differs from Manet by challenges,
application, design, power constraint and quality patterns,
thus routing protocols utilized in Manet don't seem to be
applicable with VANET. New routingstrategyfor VANET has
been planned by several researchers in recent year. In
VANET like design, characteristic, challenges, glimpse of
routing protocols, the diverse aspects of, and simulation
models used for VANET This paper provides specialize.
ManpreetKauret. al. [2]The paper proposes that the
performance of VANET remains optimum within thousand
meters and after that due to high packet loss rate
communication among vehicles is not feasible. for dynamic
protocols Finding optimal path is a typical task. The paper
focuses on some of the important QOS metrics in VANET &
vehicular traffic management solutions to improve overall
safety of traffic
Jamal Toutouh et al. [3] This paper discusses a series of
representative meta heuristic algorithms (PSO,DE,GA, and
SA) in order to find automatically optimal configurations of
OLSR routing protocol. Adding up, a rest of realistic VANET
scenarios (based in the city of M´alaga) has been defined to
accurately evaluate the performance of the network under
the automatically optimized OLSR. lead to higher QoS than
the quality (RFC 3626) and then many human consultants,
The tuned OLSR configurations creating it amenable for
utilization in VANETs configurations, Experiments depict
that.
Jatingupta et al. [4] OLSR routing protocol is one of the
foremost used proactive routing protocol used in MANETS.
Consisting of many sensor nodes, which are mobile in
nature, The MANETS is an autonomousnetwork.inMANETS
The routing is the most type issue, as the nodesaremobile in
nature, so there is no fixed topology. In this paper, to
discover and then disseminate link state information
throughout the mobile ad hoc network, the prime focusis on
the OLSR routing protocol, which uses hello and topology
control (TC) messages. The paper discusses the impact of
Hello messages on the performance of OLSR in term of load,
delay and throughput using OPNET.
M. Gunasekar et al. [5] Vehicular adhoc network
(VANET) provides wireless communication among vehicles
without any underlying network infrastructure. In such
Network, Quality-of-service (QoS) is complex because the
network topology may change constantly and the available
state information for routing is inherently imprecise.
However, restricted wireless resources and the lossy
characteristics of a wireless channel, providing a reliable
multihop communication in VANETs is particularly
challenging, due to the vehicle movement. Therefore, to the
deployment of VANETs offering an efficient routing strategy
is crucial. To optimize the parameter setting in optimized
link state routing protocol (OLSR) The paper proposes an
Intelligent Water Drops (IWD) algorithm. For better Qos,
IWD Algorithm harmonizestheparametersinOLSR.The QoS
versions of the IWD tunedOLSRroutingprotocol doimprove
the Packet Delivery Ratio, reduce the communication cost
and network traffic load in the high speed movement
scenarios.
Venkatesh et al. [6] for VANETs the offered routing
protocols reviewed and categorize them into a taxonomy
based on key attributes such as network architecture,
applications supported, routing strategies, forwarding
strategies, mobility models and quality of service metrics.
like as mobility of nodes On diverse internal factors and
external factors such as road topology and obstacles that
block the signal, The performance of routing protocols
depends. to pact with the forceful scenarios by selecting the
best routing and forwarding strategies This demands a
highly adaptive approach and by using appropriate mobility
and propagation models. The paper important protocols
happiness to unicast, multicast, geocast and broadcast
classes delivers. Strengths and weaknesses of various
protocols using topology based, position based and cluster
based approaches are analyzed.ontheadaptiveandcontext-
aware routing protocols attention is given. Simulation of
broadcast and unicast protocolsiscarriedoutandtheresults
are presented.
Padmavathi. K et al. [7] that forces the inaccuracies in
the power level in sequence of neighboring nodes a few
parameters of olsr and prove the comparison between ideal
and realistic version of olsr addresses. Qos routinginmobile
ad-hoc networks is difficultbecauseofspeedyamendmentin
topology. The paper aims at given that a better value of the
package delivery rate and the throughput, that is in need of
powerful routing protocol standards, which can agreement
to destinations delivering of the packages, and the
throughput on a network. It principally focuses on the
imprecision of state information, more specifically the
residual energy level of nodes that is collected bythecontrol
messages of olsr. Inaccurate information affects the
efficiency of olsr protocol. Tuning of olsr is done which in
turn improves the residual energy information of nodes.
P.Jacquet et al. [8] proposedanddiscussedoptimizedlink
state routing protocol(OLSR),for mobile wireless networks.
over a pure link state protocol It is optimization as it
compacts the size of information sent in messages and
furthermore, reducesthenumberof retransmissionstoflood
these messages in entire network. Optimal routes are
provided in terms of hops, which are immediately available
when needed. The paper describes it the best protocol for
large and dense ad-hoc networks.

3. PROPOSED WORK
3.1 Problem Statement
The exchange of up-to-date information among vehicles is
the most salient feature of VANETS. For this, packets travel
from one node to another. But in a network with high
mobility and no central authority, travelling becomes a
complex task. The routing protocol operates in the core of
VANETs, finding updatedpathsamongthenodestoallowthe
effective exchange of data packets. Forthisreasonthispaper
deals with the optimization of a routingprotocol,specifically
the Optimized Link State Routing (OLRS) protocol.
3.2 Proposed Work
[1] Simulation of OLSR protocol with standard values.
[2] Optimization framework to automatically tune the OLSR
configuration by various optimizations like SA, GA and PSO
[3] Performance evaluation of optimized OLSR Protocol.
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
An effort is made to examine the impactof“Hellopackets” on
the packet delivery ratio, delay and throughput. An effort is
made to recover the performance of algorithm by varying
time interval of “Hello” packets and discussing the variation
shown by the results. general or default value of OLSR is set
at 2.0 Hello interval.
4.1 Result and Discussion
Table -4.1:
Analysis for total packet received in various
optimization techniques
PROTOCOL
USED
OLSR GA PSO SA
SR NO. SCENARIO
USED
1 1
6090
6974
7391 6774
2 2 5837 6974 7510 6839
3 3 6205 6974 6745 6908
4 4 5759 6974 7436 6392
5 5
5956
6974
7945 6539
Chart -4.1: Comparisons of various optimization
techniques on the basis of total packet received
From the figure above, we can wrap up that PSO has highest
packet received and OLSR has lowest packet received.
Table-4.2:
Analysis for total packet dropped in various
PROTOCOL
USED
OLSR GA PSO SA
SR
NO.
SCENARIO
USED
1 1 4585 3566 3156 2858
2 2
4831
3566
3042 3714
3 3
4470
3566
3796 3642
4 4
4885
3566
3131 4174
5 5
4678
3566
2593 4013
Chart -4.2: Comparisons of various optimization
techniques on the basis of total packet dropped
From the above figure, we can sum up that OLSR has highest
packet dropped and PSO has lowest packet dropped.

Table-4.3:
Analysis for packet delay ratio (PDR) in various
PROTOCOL
USED
OLSR GA PSO SA
SR
NO.
SCENARIO
USED
1 1
57.93% 66.34% 70.31% 63.77%
2 2 55.53% 66.34% 71.44% 65.06%
3 3 59.03% 66.34% 64.16% 65.72%
4 4 54.79% 66.34% 70.74% 60.81%
5 5
56.66% 66.34% 75.58% 62.21%
Chart-4.3: Comparisons of various optimization
techniques on the basis of packet delay ratio (PDR)
From the above figure, we can conclude that PSOhashighest
packet delay ratio and OLSR has lowest packet delay ratio.
Table-4.4:
Chart-4.4: comparisons of various optimization
techniques on the basis of throughputs(in Kbps)
From the above figure, we can conclude that PSOhashighest
throughput and OLSR has lowest throughput.
Table-4.5:
Chart-4.5: Comparisons of various optimization
techniques on the basis of end to end delay
From the above figure, we can conclude that OLSR has
highest end to end delay and PSO has lowest end to end
delay.
Analysis for throughput (in Kbps) in
various optimization techniques
PROTO
COL
USED
OLSR GA PSO SA
SR
N
O.
SCENA
RIO NO.
1 1 3.0450 3.487 3.6955 3.3520
2 2 2.9185 3.487 3.7550 3.4195
3 3 3.1025 3.487 3.3725 3.4540
4 4 2.8795 3.487 3.7180 3.1960
5 5 2.9780 3.487 3.9720 3.2695
Analysis for end to end delay in various
PROTOCOL
USED
SR
NO
SCENARIO
NO.
OLSR GA PSO SA
1 1 0.6303 0.7364 0.4960 0.5171
2 2
0.6813 0.7364 0.3610 0.5486
3 3 0.8368 0.7364 0.4460 0.4077
4 4 0.7270 0.7364 0.5490 0.4969
5 5 0.6061 0.7364 0.3920 0.5950

Table-4.6:
Analysis for Consumed Energy in various
Optimization
Consumed
Energy (j)
Hop Count
Average
Hope
Count
OLSR-PSO 900.71 22143 2
OLSR-SA 900.522 53670 10
OLSR-GA 900.348 16785 2
OLSR 900.174 18570 3
techniques on the basis of Consumed Energy
From the above figure, we can conclude that OLSR-PSO has
highest Consumed Energy and OLSR has lowest Consumed
Energy.
techniques on the basis of Hop Count
From the above figure, we can conclude that OLSR-SA has
highest Hop Count and OLSR-GA has lowest Hop Count
techniques on the basis of Average Hop Count
From the above figure, we can conclude that OLSR-PSO &
OLSR-GA has lowest Average Hop Count and OLSR-SA has
highest Average Hop Count.
5. CONCLUSIONS
We have addressed the possible parameter tuning of the
OLSR routing protocol to be used in VANETs by using an
automatic optimization tool, in this thesis. For this purpose,
we have defined an optimization strategy based on coupling
optimization algorithms (GA) and the ns-2 network
simulator. Moreover, differentiation among the optimized
OLSR configurations and standard one are done. The
validation of the optimized configurations that are found by
comparing with each other and with the standard tuning,
studying their performance in terms of QoS over VANET
scenarios is done. We can summarize that in PSO, we
obtained highest packet received, throughput and PDR and
lowest packet drop and end to end delay. PSO gives the best
results among PSO, GA and SA for tuning of OLSR. SA gives
better results than GA but lesser than PSO. Energy
Consumption in PSO is high compared to other
optimizations. Optimizations provide better performancein
terms of throughput and PDR compared to default OLSR but
decreases the network life time .
REFERENCES
[1] Mr. Bhagirath Patel, Ms. KhushbuShah, ”A Survey on
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks” IOSR Journal of Computer
Engineering (IOSR-JCE), Volume 15, Issue 4,Dec 2013.
[2] Manpreet Kaur, Kunwarpal, “Optimize OLSR with
Cognitive in Wireless Mesh Network”, International
Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology
(IJEAT), Volume-2, Issue-3, February 2013.
[3] Jamal Toutouh, Jos´eGarc´ıa-Nieto, and Enrique Alba,
“Intelligent OLSR Routing Protocol Optimization for

VANETs”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR
TECHNOLOGY, IN PRESS, 2012 IEEE.
[4] Jatin Gupta, AmandeepVerma, “Exhaustive Study on the
Influence of Hello Packets in OLSR Routing Protocol”
International Journal of Information and Computation
Technology, Volume 3, Number 5 (2013), pp. 399-404
[5] M.Gunasekar, S.J.Hinduja, “Automatic Tuning Of OLSR
Routing Protocol Using IWD in VANET,”International
Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering., Vol.2, Special Issue 1,
March 2014.
[6] Venkatesh, A Indra, RMurali ,”Routing Protocols for
Vehicular AdhocNetworks(VANETs):AReview” Journal
of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information
Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1, January 2014.
[7] Padmavathi.K, Thivaharan.S, ”An Improved OLSR
Protocol for Reducing the Routing Overhead in
MANETs”, International Journal of Innovative Research
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2,Issue 4,April 2014.
[8] P.Jacquet,P.Muhlethaler,T.Clausen,A.Laouiti, .Qayyum,L.
Viennot, ”Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Ad
hoc Networks”

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