Performance comparison of different control strategies for the regulation of DC-DC negative output super-lift luo-converter

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2020, pp. 5785~5792
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp5785-5792  5785
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE
Performance comparison of different control strategies for
the regulation of DC-DC negative output super-lift luo-converter
Hassan Jassim Motlak, Ahmed S. Rahi
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Babylon, College of Engineering, Iraq
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Feb 6, 2020
Revised May 3, 2020
Accepted May 15, 2020
In last years, DC-DC converters solve the most issues in the industrial
application in the area of power electronics, especially renewable energy,
military applications and affiliated engineering developments. They are used
to convert the DC input that unregulated to regulated output perhaps larger or
smaller than input according to the type of converters. This paper presents
three primary control method used for negative output Super lift Luo DC-DC
converter. These methods include a voltage mode control (VMC), current
mode control (CMC), and Sliding mode control (SMC). The goal of this
article is to study and selected an appropriate and superior control scheme for
negative DC-DC converters. The simulation results show the effectiveness of
Sliding mode control for enhancing the performance of the negative
DC-DC converter. Also, this method can keep the output voltage constant
under load conditions. Simulation results obtained by the MATLAB/Simulink
environment.
Keywords:
Current mode control
DC-DC converter
Nonlinear controller
Sliding-mode control
Voltage mode control
Copyright © 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Ahmed S. Rahi,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Babylon,
College of Engineering, Babylon, Iraq
Email: ahmed.swadi79@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the increasing demand for energy, the search for new and cheap energy sources has
become the best solution. Natural sources have become the best in generating electricity because it has many
advantages such as low pollution, cheap price, and easy access, it is available everywhere. Here we talk about
the sources of the sun, wind, sea waves and other natural sources [1, 2]. But the sun is the main source
and available everywhere. In this case, the generation of electricity from solar panels is a DC voltage.
Since sunlight is not available at night. Therefore, the need to charge the batteries with power becomes
the best solution. Here lies the need and demand to switch from DC-DC conversion to change voltage or
current [2]. As well as other devices within them many stages that require conversion to varying voltages so
needs to improve dc-dc conversion [3]. The DC-DC converters using many methods to control the switching
in order to keep the outputs of these circuits are constant under load conditions. Where it requires stability in
voltage, Low ripple, and high efficiency. As well as raising and lowering the voltage according to the load
conditions. Effective role of the control department in that. There many control circuits. Each one has
advantages, disadvantages and special use. In literature, many researchers have proposed a control method
for DC-DC converters in order to keep output voltage is stable. In [3, 4] presented three main methods are
including a Voltage mode control, Current mode control and Sliding mode control. In [5], the design of SMC
with negative output super-lift Luo converter (NOSLC) has been presented. The performance of SMC in this
article is robustness in terms of sudden change in input voltage and output load. The brain emotional learning
with indirect voltage-mode control for boost converter is presented in [6] to achieve constant output voltage.
The three-method control which includes voltage mode control, current-mode control and SMC with buck

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Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2020 : 5785 - 5792
5786
converter have been proposed by [7] in order to compare between them in terms of response and output
ripple. In [8] the dual-loop current controller-based and optimized for current stabling of a Zeta converter is
proposed and analyzed in continuous current mode. Also, in [9-12] design a unified approach which consist
PWM based sliding voltage controllers to suitable with all types of DC-DC converters. While in [13]
the overviews of virous control scheme have been presented in this paper in order to select the apportuinte
method for DC-DC converters. In [14],this article introduces a comprehensive review about DC-DC
converters in two types isolated and nonisolated for renewable energy application. It can be seen that
the super lou converter and ultera super lift converter have high gain ratio thus these converters are very
benficial for the application that need high step up output voltage. In [51], the new data driven for desighn PI
controller has been discussed and analysis in this article for tracking of angular velocity trajectory.
The siliding mode control is presented in [51] for regulated the output voltage of buck converter. In [51],
the optimization tuning of PI parameters using a hybrid partical swarm optimization and gravitational search
algorithm for SMC have been discussed and analysis. The bidirectional DC-DC converter control method has
been presented in [51]. While in [51], the novel control of boost converter in continuous condiction mode
plane is presented and analysis. The reviews of designed of different dc dc converters for battery charge of
electrical vehicle application have been discussed and analysis in [20-22]. In this paper the comparison
between three method control (voltage mode control, current-mode control and sliding mode control) with
NOSLC to choose a better method in terms of a low ripple, fast response to a sudden change in load
and efficiency.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Mathematical modeling of NOSLLC
It consists of a control switch (MOSFET), two uncontrolled switch diodes (D), inductance (L),
two capacitors (C) and load resistance as shown in Figure 1. This converter can be providing high voltage
gain in opposite sign of input voltage, and the output voltage increase arithmetic progression [23]. The output
voltage equation can express as.
Figure 1. Negative output super-lift Luo converter (NOSLLC)
Switch ON
vin = vL = vc (1)
vin = vL (2)
Switch OFF
vo + vc − vL = 0 (3)
vin = vc1 (4)
vL = vo + vin (5)

Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 
Performance comparison of different control strategies for … (Hassan Jassim Motlak)
5787
Dvin + (vo + vin)(1 − D) = 0 (6)
vo = −
vin
1−D
(7)
The design of capacitors and inductor according to the equations:
∆ 𝑉𝑂=
(1−d)
𝑓𝑐
𝑉 𝑂
𝑅
(8)
∆𝑖𝐿=
(𝑉𝑜−𝑉 𝑖𝑛)
𝐿
𝐷𝑡 (9)
∆ 𝑣𝑐=
(𝑉𝑐)
𝑅𝐶
𝐷𝑡 (10)
2.2. Voltage mode control (VMC)
The output voltage feedback is compared with the reference (equal to design output voltage) then
the comparison result will be amplified by error amplifier, the pulse-width modulated waveform is generated
by comparing the error voltage with a saw-tooth ramp signal [3, 24] The coefficient of the voltage mode
control NOSL converter in Figure 2 can thus be obtained as follow [25, 26].
Figure 2. Voltage mode control (VMC)
2.3. Indirect voltage mode control (IVMC)
Indirect voltage mode control is the second method that come from combination the VMC in
Figure 2 and current mode control (CMC) in Figure 3, the IVMC is shown in Figure 4. That uses the inductor
current as feedback for both circuits [6]. Initially, the principle of CMC is the inductor current will enter
the comparator circuit, and here it will be compared to the reference current (Iref.). After the comparison,
the result is a difference value, which is the signal that represents the error rate. Signal will pass through
the controller (PI) to amplifying the signal and increasing the response speed. The output of the controller
(PI) is a voltage because it is an integral result and then the signal enters into a limiter circuit. To ensure
the signal limits. After that, the signal enters the circuit of (PWM). In the end, the output is a signal of control
represented by duty cycle and frequency of the switch control signal that is dominated at any Sudden change
in load, then it enters the switch, the result is an increase or decrease in the output voltage to maintain output
is stable [3, 27, 6].
The difference in circuit Figure 4 is the reference current (Iref). Where it was not a fixed number as
before, but rather it comes from a more accurate process represented by entering the output voltage on
the subtraction process with a reference voltage and the result is an error value that passes through the PI to
get the signal amplification and converted to current and then to a limiter to replace the current reference
(Iref) in Figure 3. This method is more efficient and effective because of its combination of advantages
(VMC) and (CMC) [4, 6, 24].

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Figure 3. Current mode control (CMC) Figure 4. Indirect voltage mode control (IVMC)
2.4. Sliding mode control (SMC)
Sliding mode control (SMC) is the third type of control circuit DC-DC converter. Which is controlled
by voltage and current. In the beginning, the output voltage signal and the input voltage signal enter on
the subtraction circuit a result will be an error value and then magnified by (β) [3, 5]. Also, the output voltage
signal again magnified by (β) and then enters into the subtraction circuit with a reference voltage (design value)
that produces the error, which is an error rate that is enlarged by constant (KP). An inductor current signal is
also enlarged by constant (KP2). Here all three outputs enter the addition process. The result of the addition
process is subtraction with the error value multiplied by (β) terminal so a final error signal that produces.
Then the output enters into a limiter circuit to ensure its comparison perfectly, finally, the signal passes through
a AND gate that process it with a square wave for the purpose of obtaining a wave whose frequency that
controls on a switch to control the switching of the converter. Therefore, this control method is fast to respond
to the changes that occur in the input voltage, the output voltage and the current of the inductor and more
efficient, less ripple and more accurate control in comparison with the previous methods according to
the simulation results [9, 25, 28]. It is considered the best, most effective and practical method because in
the Figure 5, the control schematic has three subtractions and one addition, so:
a) The result of the addition is too big and the result is not real error.
Figure 5. Sliding mode control with (NOSLC)

5789
b) The reason for making a second subtraction stage after the summation is product with one party and not
the other. It is voltage with voltage. It is also the best among other parties because it includes the output
of the input and output voltage, and this is not found in other parties. The details of design and
mathematical model of this technique is presented in [9]. So, the summarize equations can be written as:
𝛽 =
𝑣 𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝑣𝑜
(11)
𝑘 𝑝 = 𝛽 𝐿 (
𝑣 𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝑣𝑜
) (12)
𝛼1
𝛼2
= (
10
𝑇 𝑆
) 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝛼3
𝛼2
= (
25
𝜉2 𝑇𝑆
2) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑇𝑆 = 5𝜏 (13)
𝜉 = √
[ln
𝑀 𝑃
100
]2
𝜋2+[ln
𝑀 𝑃
100
]2
(14)
𝑘 𝑃1 = 𝛽 𝐿 ((
𝛼1
𝛼2
) − (
1
𝑅 𝐿 𝐶
)) (15)
𝑘 𝑃2 = 𝐿𝐶 (
𝛼3
𝛼2
) (16)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Three methods of control are applied to a negative super lift converter in order to comparative
between them in terms of tracking response and regulated output voltage under changeable condition
(variable reference voltage and variable load resistance). The test parameters of negative converter are
designing according to equations (8-10). So, these parameters are scheduling in Table 1. The mathematical
model and design of NOSLC are calculated in section 2. As well as, the dynamic performance is performed
and evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink.
Table 1. Specification parameters of noslc and control
No. Parameter Symbol Value
1 Input Voltage Vin 12V
2 Output Voltage Vo -36V
3 Inductor L 100µH
4 Capacitor C1 30µF
5 Output Capacitor Co 470 µF
6 Load resistance R 50Ω
7 Duty cycle D 0.66
8 Switching frequency fs 20kH
9 Coefficient of sliding mode Kp1, Kp2 0.1; 1.2
10 feedback divider ratio β 1/6
Figure 6 shows the tracking reference of output voltage for VMC, IVMC and SMC methods.
The reference value is changed during period 1.5 sec and note that the target value is investigated at very
small settling time. It has been seen that the result of SMC method has fast response and tracking with
desired voltage, but, the VMC has ripple with low value of load resistance (R=35 ohm) as compare with
IVMC and SMC.
Figure 7 shows the response of three methods for various load resistance (35, 50, and
100 ohm respectively). It notes that the SMC has better behavior performance from VMC and IVMC in terms
of lower ripple and fast-tracking with desired voltage. Finally, Figure 8 shows the comparison of tracking
reference with target value between three control method in order to distinguish the priority method in terms
of achieving the value of the target and settling time. It has been seen that the SMC is implemented correctly
operation in any changing or working conditions for NOSLC.
In order to find the superiority of proposed control methods especially SMC, the SMC is compared
with [5] and [25] in terms of response for changing reference voltage and load, ripple, tracking, rise time,
settling time and overshoot. It notes that the SMC has better performance as compared with above references
in terms of low ripple, fast tracking with reference and low overshoot as shown in Table 2.

 ISSN: 2088-8708
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(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 6. Reference tracking of NOSLC with (a) VMC, (b) IVMC, and (c) SMC
(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 7. Response of NOSLC for varying load resistance with (a) SMC, (b) IVMC, and (c) SMC

5791
Figure 8. Comparison of reference tracking of NOSLC with three methods
Table 2. Compare the simulation results with other references
No. Performance Index Simulation Results Reference [5] Reference [25]
1 Speed Response High Response for
Changing Load
Low Response for
Changing Load
High Response for
Changing Load
2 Settling Time Very Small Settling Time Small Settling Time Very Small Settling Time
3 Rise Time Very Small Small Very Small
4 Overshoot Low (1.5V for SMC) High (3.5 V) High (3V)
6 Ripple Low High High
7 Tracking Fast Very Less Than Less Than
4. CONCLUSION
Three control methods are applied in this paper to achieve a high response and low ripple for output
negative super lift Luo converter. All of these methods were implemented on a negative converter via
the MATLAB program. The simulation results show the SMC method has a better performance an
fast-tracking of reference value as well as its robustness against disturbances. It can achieve a perfect control
effect because of the dependence of the three input feedback coefficients.
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