1. PLASMA PROTEIN AND ITS FUNCTION
Department of Physiology
Presented by – Abhishek Yadav
Roll no.- 242508
Batch- 2024-25
2. Guided by-
Prof.(Dr.) M M Khan (HOD Physiology)
Prof.(Dr.) Eqbal Anwar
Dr. M. Hifzur Rahman
Dr. Abdul Majid Siddiqui (Moderator)
Dr. Rashmi Mishra
Dr. Shailendra Kumar
Dr. Mukhta
3. Plasma
Plasma consist of water, electrolyte, nutrient,
protein, and hormones.
Plasma is the clear straw coloured fluid portion of
the blood minus its cellular element.
Plasma is a fluid component of blood which
constitute about 55% of total blood volume.
5. Composition of plasma
Plasma composed of :
• Water -92%
• Solid or solutes -8% ; plasma protein 7% and other
solutes 1%.
a) Inorganic solutes:- Chloride, bicarbonate,
sulphate, calcium, sodium, potassium .
b) Organic solutes:- Plasma proteins, Glucose,
lipid, urea.
6. Plasma Protein
Plasma protein form the major solid constituent of the
plasma .
The total serum protein concentration is 7.4g/dL (ranges
from 6.4to 8.3 g/dl).
The type of proteins in serum include :
a) Albumin- 4.8g/dL
b) Globulin -2.3g/dL
c) Fibrinogen -0.3g/dL
8. Synthesis of plasma protein
In Embryo-
Plasma proteins are synthesized by mesenchymal cells.
In Adult-
Albumin and fibrinogen – Reticuloendothelial cells of
liver.
Alpha and beta globulins – Liver, spleen, bone marrow.
Gamma globulin- B lymphocyte
10. Albumin
Most abundant plasma protein (55-60 % of total
plasma protein).
A low molecular weight protein (M.Wt= 65,000)
Plasma levels are 4.8g/dl (range 3-5 g/dl).
Functions include :
• Transport
• Osmotic pressure regulation
• Maintain pH of blood
Synthesized in the liver.
11. Globulin
Globulin form 35% of the total plasma protein.
Plasma level are 2.3 g/dl (range 2-3 g/dl)
Molecular weight varies from 90,000 to 156,000.
Types of Globulin:
• Alpha globulin
• Beta globulin
• Gamma globulin
12. Function include :
• Transport
• Immune defence
It also synthesized in liver.
Albumin/Globulin ratio is 2:1.
13. Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen form about 4-6 % of total plasma
protein.
Plasma protein are 0.3 g/dl.
Molecular weight is 500,000.
Function include:
• Blood clotting
• Helps in tissue repair and regeneration
Synthesized in liver .
14. Function of plasma protein
Osmotic regulation:
• Albumin plays a crucial role in preventing fluid
leakage from blood vessels.
• Osmotic pressure excerted by plasma protein is
about 25 mm Hg.
Blood coagulation:
• Fibrinogen is essential for the coagulation of
blood .
15. Defence mechanism:
• Gamma globulin ( Immunoglobulin) play an
important role in defense mechanism.
Transport:
• Albumin and globulin (alpha and beta globulin)
transport hormones, drugs and ions .
Regulation of acid base balance:
• Albumin play an important role in regulation of
acid base balance .
• Plasma protein are responsible for 15% of the
buffering capacity of blood.
16. Viscosity of blood :
• Fibrinogen and globulin are significant contributor
to blood viscosity because of their asymmetrical
shape.
Role as reverse protein:
• Plasma protein serve as reserve proteins and are
utilized by the body tissues during condition like:
a) Fasting
b) Inadequate protein intake
c) Excessive catabolism of body proteins.
17. Albumin/Globulin Ratio
The normal albumin:globulin (A/G) ratio is 2:1.
It is reversed when :
• When the albumin synthesis is decreased as occur
in liver diseases.
• When the globulin level are increased associated
with hyperproteinemia.
18. Applied Physiology
In Infant, the total protein level is low (about 5.5
g/dl) due to low gamma globulin.
In old age, there is a tendency for the albumin
level to fall and the total globulin level to rise.
In pregnancy, during first six months, the albumin
and globulin levels decrease while the fibrinogen
level increase.
19. Hypoproteinaemia
Hypoproteinaemia refer to generalized decrease in
the level of plasma proteins.
Causes:
• Dietary deficiency and starvation
• Liver diseases
• Renal diseases
• Haemorrhage and extensive burns
It is associated with a decrease in the plasma osmotic
pressure with causes water retention and oedema of
the body tissue.
20. Hyperproteinaemia
Hyperproteinaemia is an abnormal increase in total
plasma protein level (>8.0g/dl).
Causes:
• Relative Hyperproteinaemia( due to dehydration):
Severe vomiting, diarrhea, burns.
• Absolute Hyperproteinaemia(due to increased protein
production):
Chronic infection (TB,HIV) Autoimmune diseases,
multiple myeloma.
