Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous Detection Method
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The research paper discusses improving power quality and reducing harmonic distortion in three-phase power systems using a shunt active filter with a synchronous detection method. It highlights the challenges posed by nonlinear loads and presents simulation results demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in compensating voltage and reactive power. The findings emphasize the synchronous detection scheme's advantages in addressing unbalanced systems and achieving satisfactory harmonic compensation.
![International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computers
Vol-6, Issue-3 | May-Jun, 2021
Available: https://aipublications.com/ijeec/
Peer-Reviewed Journal
ISSN: 2456-2319
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 92
Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with
Shunt Active filter using Synchronous Detection Method
Aditya Dadhich1
, Jai Sharma2
, Simran Kumawat3
, Ankush Tandon4
1,2,3
Department of Electrical Engg., SKIT, Jaipur, India
4
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engg., SKIT, Jaipur
Received: 11 Jun 2021; Accepted: 25 Jun 2021; Date of Publication: 30 Jun 2021
©2021 The Author(s). Published by Infogain Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Abstract— Research paper focuses on enhancement of the power quality, Harmonic reduction and Reactive
power compensation . Power quality problems became the foremost important concern now a days. Active
filters with synchronous detection methodologies are vividly employed in distribution system to be sure that
the harmonics generated by non-linear loads is reduced and leads to less voltage distortion and leads to
lesser power superiority problems. The three physical characteristics that mostly underline the power
quality and a power quality issues are Voltage, Current and Frequency. Harmonics is defined as a
disturbance demonstrated in current or voltage or frequency waveforms which result in devastation, or
failure of final equipment ..This paper examines the control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Synchronous
Detection Method . Simulation results using MATLAB SIMULINK demonstrates the application of these
methods to the control of Active Power Filter . Moreover, this work shows that how the power quality
improvement in 3 phase is done with Synchronous Detection Method .
Keywords— Synchronous Detection, Active Power Filters, Nonlinear Load; Power Quality (PQ) ,
Simulink.
I. INTRODUCTION
The nonlinear loads and equipment within the consumer side and
therefore the renewable energy sources within the generation side
give birth to new problems in electrical systems. Then, power
electronics appears as an important interface to enhance power
quality [1]. Due to the increasing use of different nonlinear loads
by the consumers the power drawn from the availability isn't of
excellent quality. These loads inject current harmonics and also
reduces input power factor. Current harmonics results in various
problems like malfunctioning of sensitive equipment, feeder
voltage distortions, overheating of distribution transformers etc. In
order to avoid these problems, equipment like Custom Power
Devices (CPD) which may suppress harmonics are needed. [2].
The active filters are often pure or hybrid active power filters. To
reduce the disadvantages of passive filters and active filters and to
possess the benefits of both the filters
II. ACTIVE POWER FILTERS
Active power filters are better than passive filters and
can suppress supply current harmonics and also reactive
power components .Active power filters consist of power
electronic devices and can generate specific current
components to reduce the harmonic currents caused by
nonlinear loads. Active power filters are often connected
serial also as in shunt to the nonlinear loads. Fig 1
indicate a three-phase shunt active power filter where the
active filter is connected in parallel with the load. In this
paper, a three-phase shunt active power filter is employed
. The cost of shunt active filters is comparatively high,
and that they aren't preferable for a large-scale system
because the facility rating of the shunt active filter is
directly proportional to the load current to be
compensated. [4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/11ijeec-may-june2021-210702085517/85/Power-Quality-Improvement-in-3-Power-System-with-Shunt-Active-filter-using-Synchronous-Detection-Method-1-320.jpg)
![Aditya Dadhich et al. Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous
ISSN: 2456-2319
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 93
Fig.1 Three phase active power filter
III. SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION SCHEME
In instantaneous power theory, there's a requirement of a
source that's balanced. But, in pragmatic distributions, it
becomes hard to supply balanced voltages across the
circuit. So, taking care of unbalanced sources with respect
to harmonics becomes a challenge., The synchronous
detection method is a scheme that works on phase by
phase basis i.e. on every phase and calculations are done to
obtain needed compensating parts.
Three different quite approaches that use same power,
similar current, and using equal resistance conceptions
within the synchronous detection scheme are discoursed.
This method has various advantages like balancing
unbalanced line parts, attaining near unity power factor,
and getting obviate unwanted harmonics on the user end
IV. OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED WORK
DONE
Many Journals and papers were studied. The associated
problems in quality of power were examined from
Reference [3]and [2], also from where the IEEE
regulations pertaining to power quality were deduced.
Reference[4], [5] and [7] provide information of the active
power filters while assisting in making understand the
demerits of passive filters as compared to active filters.
Post that the mathematical analysis of the control methods
was concluded. Active and reactive power compensation
method(p–q method)analysis was concluded with citation
from reference[3], [6], [8], [7] and [10]. Then the
mathematical study of more highly developed technique of
active and reactive current compensation method(id–iq
method)was performed and its advantages over p–q
method were analyzed with aid from
reference[9],[11]and[12].Reference[13]was helpful for
studying synchronous detection technique.
V. CONFIGURATION OF ACTIVE POWER
FILTER
The passive devices also are a series inductor and capacitor
set for reducing the power capacity of the power converter
within the APF. However, the function of the series
inductor and capacitor set within the proposed APF isn't an
equivalent as that of the hybrid power filter APF. However,
the function of the series inductor and capacitor set within
the proposed APF isn't an equivalent as that of the hybrid
power filter. The inductor of the series inductor and
capacitor set is employed to filter the switching ripple
thanks to switching operation of the facility - electronic
devices utilized in the power converter, and therefore the
capacitor of the series inductor and capacitor set supplies
fixed compensation reactive power. The number of power-
electronic devices employed within the proposed three-
phase APF are often reduced. [3]. Power system quality is
caused mainly by the use of constant growth of nonlinear
loads, which essentially contain semiconductor devices
[14]
VI. SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Table1 : System Parameter Values taken for simulation
purpose.
AC Supply Voltage 220 V RMS
Fundamental frequency f =50 Hz
Source Inductance 0.1 milli Henry
Load R/L=8 Ω / 100 mH
DC bus capacitor C=4 mF
Filter Inductor L=1 mH
VII. SIMULINK MODEL
Fig.2 SIMULINK diagram of synchronous method active
filter](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/11ijeec-may-june2021-210702085517/85/Power-Quality-Improvement-in-3-Power-System-with-Shunt-Active-filter-using-Synchronous-Detection-Method-2-320.jpg)
![Aditya Dadhich et al. Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous
ISSN: 2456-2319
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 94
VIII. SIMULINK RESULT
Fig.3 Output phase currents
Fig.4 Power after compensation for load
IX. RESULTS
The model is developed and run in a
MATLAB/SIMULINK tool to verify the results. The
parameters are provided in Table 1. Simulation uses
Butterworth Low Pass Filter of order four having a cut off
frequency of 25 Hertz. The gross THD is found using d-q
method using PI controller is 7.35%.
Then simulation is done for synchronous detection
method.THD comes out be 9.4%. The application is
additionally developed in a MATLAB/SIMULINK tool to
prove the result.
X. CONCLUSION
A synchronous detection scheme and a filter based on the
principle of id – iq compensation scheme has been
calculated in this work. Also synchronous detection
scheme is a application in SIMULINK. A mathematical
study of p-q method as well as id – iq compensation
method has been completed to assimilate the control
schemes. As the id – iq compensation mechanism depends
on a rotating frame resulting from mains voltages that
doesn't incorporate phase locked loop and carries better-
quality compensation results, simulation was done based
on this control method. After considering balanced
conditions the id – iq control scheme is found to have
satisfactory harmonic compensation performance. Here the
harmonics were produced by three – leg VSC and by the
appliance of the Hysteresis controller. The control scheme
illustrated vows for the operation of the Active Filter in
changing frequency circumstances sans any adaptation.
But the above method deals with only a balanced system,
therefore synchronous detection method is employed to
take care of unbalanced three phase systems. With
reference to synchronous detection method, from the
results and simulation findings, the projected synchronous
detection scheme is aptly fit harmonic compensation
during a system that's unbalanced.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Author would like to express gratitude and appreciation to
the Department of Electrical Engineering SKIT JAIPUR
for constant inspiration, valuable guidance and resources.
Author would also like to thanks to all those who gave
there support and helped in understanding the subject.
REFERENCES
[1] V. F. Corasaniti, M. B. Barbieri, P. L. Arnera, and M. I.
Valla, "Hybrid Power Filter to Enhance Power Quality in a
Medium Voltage Distribution Network," IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, pp. 2885-
2893, 200
[2] J. C. Wu, H. L. Jou, Y. T. Feng, W. P. Hsu, M. S. Huang,
and W. J. Hou, "Novel Circuit Topology for Three- Phase
Active Power Filter," IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, vol. 22, pp. 444- 449, 2007.
[3] S. Rahmani, A. Hamadi, K. Al-Haddad, and L. A. Dessaint,
"A Combination of Shunt Hybrid Power Filter and
Thyristor Controlled Reactor for Power Quality," IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, pp. 2152-
2164, 2014.
[4] S. D. Swain, P. K. Ray, and K. B. Mohanty, "Improvement
of Power Quality Using a Robust Hybrid Series Active
Power Filter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
vol. 32, pp. 3490-3498, 2017.
[5] H. Akagi, Y. Tsukamato, A. Nabae, “Analysis and Design
of Active Power Filter using Quad-series Voltage Source
PWM Converters”, IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, Vol. 26, No. 1, January/February 1990.
[6] F. Z. Peng, G. W. Ott Jr., D. J. Adams, “Harmonic and
reactive power compensation based on the generalized
instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase four-
wire systems” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 13, No. 5,
pp. 1174-1181, Nov. 1998.
[7] 2010 H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, A. Nabae, “Instantaneous
Reactive Power Compensators comprising Switching
Devices without Energy Storage Components”, IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. IA-20, No. 3,
May/June 1984.
[8] S. Jain, P. Agarwal, and H. O. Gupta, “Design simulation
and experimental investigations on a shunt active power
filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation,”
Electrical Power Components and Systems, vol. 32, no. 7,
pp. 671–692, Jul. 2003.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/11ijeec-may-june2021-210702085517/85/Power-Quality-Improvement-in-3-Power-System-with-Shunt-Active-filter-using-Synchronous-Detection-Method-3-320.jpg)
![Aditya Dadhich et al. Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous
ISSN: 2456-2319
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 95
[9] V. Soares, P. Verdelho and Gil D. Marques, “An
Instantaneous Active and Reactive Current Component
Method for Active Filters,” IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 4, July 2000.
[10] Fang Zheng Peng, Jih-Sheng Lai, "Generalized
Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Three phase
Power system," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurement,Vol.45, No.1, pp.293 - 297, 1996
[11] Suresh Mikkili and A. K. Panda, “PI and Fuzzy Logic
Controller Based 3-Phase 4-Wire Shunt Active Filters for
the Mitigation of Current Harmonics with the Id-Iq Control
Strategy,” Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 6,
November 2011.
[12] IEEE Std 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices and
Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power
Systems, New York, NY: IEEE.
[13] C. L. Chen, C. E. Lin and C. L. Huang “Reactive and
harmonic current compensation for unbalanced three-phase
systems using the synchronous detection method” Oct
6,1992.
[14]A. Hamadi, S. Rahmani, and K. Al-Haddad, "A Hybrid
Passive Filter Configuration for VAR Control and
Harmonic Compensation," IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 57, pp. 2419-2434, 2010.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/11ijeec-may-june2021-210702085517/85/Power-Quality-Improvement-in-3-Power-System-with-Shunt-Active-filter-using-Synchronous-Detection-Method-4-320.jpg)
Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous Detection Method
- 1. International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computers Vol-6, Issue-3 | May-Jun, 2021 Available: https://aipublications.com/ijeec/ Peer-Reviewed Journal ISSN: 2456-2319 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 92 Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous Detection Method Aditya Dadhich1 , Jai Sharma2 , Simran Kumawat3 , Ankush Tandon4 1,2,3 Department of Electrical Engg., SKIT, Jaipur, India 4 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engg., SKIT, Jaipur Received: 11 Jun 2021; Accepted: 25 Jun 2021; Date of Publication: 30 Jun 2021 ©2021 The Author(s). Published by Infogain Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Abstract— Research paper focuses on enhancement of the power quality, Harmonic reduction and Reactive power compensation . Power quality problems became the foremost important concern now a days. Active filters with synchronous detection methodologies are vividly employed in distribution system to be sure that the harmonics generated by non-linear loads is reduced and leads to less voltage distortion and leads to lesser power superiority problems. The three physical characteristics that mostly underline the power quality and a power quality issues are Voltage, Current and Frequency. Harmonics is defined as a disturbance demonstrated in current or voltage or frequency waveforms which result in devastation, or failure of final equipment ..This paper examines the control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Synchronous Detection Method . Simulation results using MATLAB SIMULINK demonstrates the application of these methods to the control of Active Power Filter . Moreover, this work shows that how the power quality improvement in 3 phase is done with Synchronous Detection Method . Keywords— Synchronous Detection, Active Power Filters, Nonlinear Load; Power Quality (PQ) , Simulink. I. INTRODUCTION The nonlinear loads and equipment within the consumer side and therefore the renewable energy sources within the generation side give birth to new problems in electrical systems. Then, power electronics appears as an important interface to enhance power quality [1]. Due to the increasing use of different nonlinear loads by the consumers the power drawn from the availability isn't of excellent quality. These loads inject current harmonics and also reduces input power factor. Current harmonics results in various problems like malfunctioning of sensitive equipment, feeder voltage distortions, overheating of distribution transformers etc. In order to avoid these problems, equipment like Custom Power Devices (CPD) which may suppress harmonics are needed. [2]. The active filters are often pure or hybrid active power filters. To reduce the disadvantages of passive filters and active filters and to possess the benefits of both the filters II. ACTIVE POWER FILTERS Active power filters are better than passive filters and can suppress supply current harmonics and also reactive power components .Active power filters consist of power electronic devices and can generate specific current components to reduce the harmonic currents caused by nonlinear loads. Active power filters are often connected serial also as in shunt to the nonlinear loads. Fig 1 indicate a three-phase shunt active power filter where the active filter is connected in parallel with the load. In this paper, a three-phase shunt active power filter is employed . The cost of shunt active filters is comparatively high, and that they aren't preferable for a large-scale system because the facility rating of the shunt active filter is directly proportional to the load current to be compensated. [4]
- 2. Aditya Dadhich et al. Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous ISSN: 2456-2319 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 93 Fig.1 Three phase active power filter III. SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION SCHEME In instantaneous power theory, there's a requirement of a source that's balanced. But, in pragmatic distributions, it becomes hard to supply balanced voltages across the circuit. So, taking care of unbalanced sources with respect to harmonics becomes a challenge., The synchronous detection method is a scheme that works on phase by phase basis i.e. on every phase and calculations are done to obtain needed compensating parts. Three different quite approaches that use same power, similar current, and using equal resistance conceptions within the synchronous detection scheme are discoursed. This method has various advantages like balancing unbalanced line parts, attaining near unity power factor, and getting obviate unwanted harmonics on the user end IV. OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED WORK DONE Many Journals and papers were studied. The associated problems in quality of power were examined from Reference [3]and [2], also from where the IEEE regulations pertaining to power quality were deduced. Reference[4], [5] and [7] provide information of the active power filters while assisting in making understand the demerits of passive filters as compared to active filters. Post that the mathematical analysis of the control methods was concluded. Active and reactive power compensation method(p–q method)analysis was concluded with citation from reference[3], [6], [8], [7] and [10]. Then the mathematical study of more highly developed technique of active and reactive current compensation method(id–iq method)was performed and its advantages over p–q method were analyzed with aid from reference[9],[11]and[12].Reference[13]was helpful for studying synchronous detection technique. V. CONFIGURATION OF ACTIVE POWER FILTER The passive devices also are a series inductor and capacitor set for reducing the power capacity of the power converter within the APF. However, the function of the series inductor and capacitor set within the proposed APF isn't an equivalent as that of the hybrid power filter APF. However, the function of the series inductor and capacitor set within the proposed APF isn't an equivalent as that of the hybrid power filter. The inductor of the series inductor and capacitor set is employed to filter the switching ripple thanks to switching operation of the facility - electronic devices utilized in the power converter, and therefore the capacitor of the series inductor and capacitor set supplies fixed compensation reactive power. The number of power- electronic devices employed within the proposed three- phase APF are often reduced. [3]. Power system quality is caused mainly by the use of constant growth of nonlinear loads, which essentially contain semiconductor devices [14] VI. SYSTEM PARAMETERS Table1 : System Parameter Values taken for simulation purpose. AC Supply Voltage 220 V RMS Fundamental frequency f =50 Hz Source Inductance 0.1 milli Henry Load R/L=8 Ω / 100 mH DC bus capacitor C=4 mF Filter Inductor L=1 mH VII. SIMULINK MODEL Fig.2 SIMULINK diagram of synchronous method active filter
- 3. Aditya Dadhich et al. Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous ISSN: 2456-2319 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 94 VIII. SIMULINK RESULT Fig.3 Output phase currents Fig.4 Power after compensation for load IX. RESULTS The model is developed and run in a MATLAB/SIMULINK tool to verify the results. The parameters are provided in Table 1. Simulation uses Butterworth Low Pass Filter of order four having a cut off frequency of 25 Hertz. The gross THD is found using d-q method using PI controller is 7.35%. Then simulation is done for synchronous detection method.THD comes out be 9.4%. The application is additionally developed in a MATLAB/SIMULINK tool to prove the result. X. CONCLUSION A synchronous detection scheme and a filter based on the principle of id – iq compensation scheme has been calculated in this work. Also synchronous detection scheme is a application in SIMULINK. A mathematical study of p-q method as well as id – iq compensation method has been completed to assimilate the control schemes. As the id – iq compensation mechanism depends on a rotating frame resulting from mains voltages that doesn't incorporate phase locked loop and carries better- quality compensation results, simulation was done based on this control method. After considering balanced conditions the id – iq control scheme is found to have satisfactory harmonic compensation performance. Here the harmonics were produced by three – leg VSC and by the appliance of the Hysteresis controller. The control scheme illustrated vows for the operation of the Active Filter in changing frequency circumstances sans any adaptation. But the above method deals with only a balanced system, therefore synchronous detection method is employed to take care of unbalanced three phase systems. With reference to synchronous detection method, from the results and simulation findings, the projected synchronous detection scheme is aptly fit harmonic compensation during a system that's unbalanced. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Author would like to express gratitude and appreciation to the Department of Electrical Engineering SKIT JAIPUR for constant inspiration, valuable guidance and resources. Author would also like to thanks to all those who gave there support and helped in understanding the subject. REFERENCES [1] V. F. Corasaniti, M. B. Barbieri, P. L. Arnera, and M. I. Valla, "Hybrid Power Filter to Enhance Power Quality in a Medium Voltage Distribution Network," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, pp. 2885- 2893, 200 [2] J. C. Wu, H. L. Jou, Y. T. Feng, W. P. Hsu, M. S. Huang, and W. J. Hou, "Novel Circuit Topology for Three- Phase Active Power Filter," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 22, pp. 444- 449, 2007. [3] S. Rahmani, A. Hamadi, K. Al-Haddad, and L. A. Dessaint, "A Combination of Shunt Hybrid Power Filter and Thyristor Controlled Reactor for Power Quality," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, pp. 2152- 2164, 2014. [4] S. D. Swain, P. K. Ray, and K. B. Mohanty, "Improvement of Power Quality Using a Robust Hybrid Series Active Power Filter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, pp. 3490-3498, 2017. [5] H. Akagi, Y. Tsukamato, A. Nabae, “Analysis and Design of Active Power Filter using Quad-series Voltage Source PWM Converters”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 26, No. 1, January/February 1990. [6] F. Z. Peng, G. W. Ott Jr., D. J. Adams, “Harmonic and reactive power compensation based on the generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase four- wire systems” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 1174-1181, Nov. 1998. [7] 2010 H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, A. Nabae, “Instantaneous Reactive Power Compensators comprising Switching Devices without Energy Storage Components”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. IA-20, No. 3, May/June 1984. [8] S. Jain, P. Agarwal, and H. O. Gupta, “Design simulation and experimental investigations on a shunt active power filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation,” Electrical Power Components and Systems, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 671–692, Jul. 2003.
- 4. Aditya Dadhich et al. Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using Synchronous ISSN: 2456-2319 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/eec.63.12 95 [9] V. Soares, P. Verdelho and Gil D. Marques, “An Instantaneous Active and Reactive Current Component Method for Active Filters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 15, No. 4, July 2000. [10] Fang Zheng Peng, Jih-Sheng Lai, "Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Three phase Power system," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,Vol.45, No.1, pp.293 - 297, 1996 [11] Suresh Mikkili and A. K. Panda, “PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller Based 3-Phase 4-Wire Shunt Active Filters for the Mitigation of Current Harmonics with the Id-Iq Control Strategy,” Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 6, November 2011. [12] IEEE Std 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, New York, NY: IEEE. [13] C. L. Chen, C. E. Lin and C. L. Huang “Reactive and harmonic current compensation for unbalanced three-phase systems using the synchronous detection method” Oct 6,1992. [14]A. Hamadi, S. Rahmani, and K. Al-Haddad, "A Hybrid Passive Filter Configuration for VAR Control and Harmonic Compensation," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, pp. 2419-2434, 2010.