Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics
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The document discusses practical privacy issues related to learning analytics, emphasizing the need for ethical guidelines and transparency in data usage. It highlights the responsibilities of institutions to manage student data appropriately, ensuring students' rights as data owners while also addressing contextual integrity. Case studies illustrate data collection and usage practices in K-12 and higher education settings, emphasizing the importance of student consent and accountability.
Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics
- 1. danxoneil Flickr Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Learning Analytics and Knowledge 2013 Abelardo Pardo (@abelardopardo) The University of Sydney www.slideshare.net/abelardo_pardo
- 2. horrigans Flickr This talk is NOT about... Generic analysis of privacy Ramifications into ethics, societal issues, laws, governments Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 2
- 3. nevolution Flickr This talk IS Review principles to consider Restricted to the LA context Based on practical guidelines Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 3
- 4. Eleaf Flickr.com Generate more questions Where to focus the questions? Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 4
- 5. Mark Coggins flickr.com Delicate issue! Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 5
- 6. Wootpeanuts flickr.com Prevents reaching a practical solution Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 6
- 7. malias flickr.com General Environment view LA Scenarios Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 7
- 8. malias flickr.com Environment Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 8
- 9. http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2012/03/the-personal-analytics-of-my-life (last accessed March 2013) 9 Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Abelardo Pardo
- 10. 10 Is she pregnant? Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2102859/How-Target-knows-shoppers-pregnant–figured-teen-father-did.html (last accessed March 2013) Abelardo Pardo
- 11. http://hdguru.com/is-your-new-hdtv-watching-you/7643 (last accessed March 2013) 11 Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Abelardo Pardo
- 12. Great Beyond flickr.com Privacy as a currency Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 12
- 13. http://theweek.com/article/index/229508 (last accessed March 2013) B2B Data Market Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 13
- 14. www.nytimes.com (last accessed March 2013) Lower premium With GPS Without GPS Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 14
- 15. malias flickr.com General Environment view Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 15
- 16. https://www.privacyassociation.org/resource_center/consumer_data_privacy_in_a_networked_world (last accessed March 2013) 16 Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Abelardo Pardo
- 17. http://www.csa.ca/cm/ca/en/privacy-code (last accessed March 2013) Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 17
- 18. arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/02/eu-data-law-proposal-uses-language-word-for-word-from-us-eu-corporations (last accessed March 2013) 18 Similar legislation Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Abelardo Pardo
- 19. Reigh LeBlanc flickr.com Absolute confidentiality: undesired Data ownership Information flow Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 19
- 20. http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v13/n9/full/nm0907-999.html Uninformed consent is considered under special circumstances Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 20
- 21. anthonylibrarian Flickr Internet requires new approach to privacy Before: Limiting surveillance, restricting access to information, Additionally: How is data curtailing intrusions into captured, who owns it, how private space. is it shared? Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 21
- 22. Small_Realm Flickr People act in different roles and contexts Applications should respect these contexts Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 22
- 23. Context Integrity: Framework to provide guidance to solve privacy related conflicts. Context Travel flickr.com Appropriateness & Distribution (Nissenbaum, H., 2004, Privacy as Contextual Integrity, Washington Law Review, 79(1)) Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 23
- 24. Cotton|Joe Flickr Appropriateness What is collected? What is revealed? Valid in one context, invalid in another Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 24
- 25. johnthrm Flickr Distribution Who sees the data? When? For what purpose? Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 25
- 26. malias flickr.com General Environment view LA Scenarios Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 26
- 27. 27 Database with K-12 Student data Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/03/us-education-database-idUSBRE92204W20130303 (last accessed March 2013) Abelardo Pardo
- 28. deepwarren Flickr Observe in and out of the classroom Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 28
- 29. Case 1: K-12 Out-of-class support 1 Collection while doing homework in tablet 2 Data used by teachers to personalize activities. 3 Available to all teachers in the school. 4 Performance vs demographic factors correlated. 5 Available to platform vendors. 6 Kept for ever. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 29
- 30. Case 2: University course 1 Collected in LMS and mobile application. 2 Available to instructors for personalization. 3 Some data considered for assessment. 4 Available to university-wide units: counseling, recruiting, marketing. 5 Analyzed Retention vs demographic. 6 eTextbook access available to publishers. 7 Kept for ever. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 30
- 31. Case 3: Distance education 1 Data collected in LMS. 2 Available to instructors for personalization purposes. 3 Analyzed performance vs demographic. 4 Some data considered for assessment. 5 Results used in scientific publication. 6 Results available to funding institutions. 7 Student right to request data removal. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 31
- 32. Ethical Principles • LA as a moral practice • Students as agents at the center • Data is temporal and dynamic • Student success is complex and multidimensional • Transparency • Institutions obliged to use data (Slade, S., Prinsloo, P. 2013, Learning Analytics: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas, American Behavioral Scientist) Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 32
- 33. Practical Principles • Transparency: Explicit description of how data is collected, manipulated, stored and accessed • Students as data owners: Include right to consult, modify or remove data • Data access policies: clearly stated and observed. • Accountability and assessment: Embedded constant review and auditing of the policy. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 33
- 34. lrargerich Flickr Transparency • Means to achieve Legitimacy • Apply across the board • Easily accessible and clearly explained documentation • How is data collected • Who has access to the data • Which calculations are performed • How long is the data valid and available Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 34
- 35. Students as data owners • Right to access, amend, delete data Images of Money Flickr • Institutions are borrowing the data • In conflict with derived data • Affects system design • Consider fixed life span of collected data Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 35
- 36. Data Access Policies • Clarify the roles when Chris Cambpelll accessing data • Extend to derived data • Consider connection with research • Beware of “anonymization” or “deidentification” Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 36
- 37. On “anonymization” OperationPaperStorm Flickr • Comprehensive anonymized dataset of course participation • Include forum posts • All students introduced themselves in forum the first week • Student joins the course later. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 37
- 38. Accountability and Assessment • Each aspect has a colemama Flickr responsible person, body, department. • Process continuously “under improvement” • Consider all stakeholders Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 38
- 39. Case 1: K-12 Out-of-class support 1 Collection while doing homework in tablet 2 Data used by teachers to personalize activities. 3 Available to all teachers in the school. 4 Performance vs demographic factors correlated. 5 Available to platform vendors. 6 Kept for ever. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 39
- 40. Case 2: University course 1 Collected in LMS and mobile application. 2 Available to instructors for personalization. 3 Some data considered for assessment. 4 Available to university-wide units: counseling, recruiting, marketing. 5 Analyzed Retention vs demographic. 6 eTextbook access available to publishers. 7 Kept for ever. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 40
- 41. Case 3: Distance education 1 Data collected in LMS. 2 Available to instructors for personalization purposes. 3 Analyzed performance vs demographic. 4 Some data considered for assessment. 5 Results used in scientific publication. 6 Results available to funding institutions. 7 Student right to request data removal. Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 41
- 42. johnthurm Flickr Privacy changed in Internet era Integrity of the Learning Context Appropriateness & Distribution Ethical and Implementation principles Abelardo Pardo Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics 42
- 43. danxoneil Flickr Practical privacy issues around Learning Analytics Learning Analytics and Knowledge 2013 Abelardo Pardo (@abelardopardo) The University of Sydney www.slideshare.net/abelardo_pardo