Premotor cortex, brainstem and emotional motor system
2 likes726 views
This document summarizes the premotor cortex, brainstem, and emotional motor systems. It describes the anatomy and functions of the premotor cortex, including its medial and lateral divisions. The brainstem discussion focuses on the vestibulospinal and reticular formation tracts, which are involved in posture adjustment and sensory integration. The emotional motor systems section contrasts the voluntary pyramidal pathway with the extrapyramidal projections originating in limbic structures that activate specific emotional behaviors and gain setting.
Premotor cortex, brainstem and emotional motor system
- 1. Domina Petric, MD Premotor cortex, brainstem and emotional motor system
- 2. Premotor cortex includes anterior portion of precentral gyrus and posterior parts of superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri. Premotor cortex gives rise to descending projections to lower motor neurons. It is a mosaic of areas with modular organisation. Premotor cortex
- 3. Medial division of the premotor cortex corresponds as supplementary motor area (SMA). There is a part of medial premotor cortex that is involved in the expression of emotional behavior. There is also a part of medial premotor cortex concerned with organising bimanual activites. There is a division concerned with governing voluntary saccadic eye movements (frontal eye field). Premotor cortex, medial part
- 4. In the lateral premotor cortex are present areas that are concerned with organising movements guided by sensory information, including social interactions. Inferior lateral part is concerned with social communication. Broca´s area is located in the posterior inferior lateral part of the premotor cortex: this area organizes the vocal motor apparatus for production of speech. Premotor cortex, lateral part
- 5. Near the Broca´s area are parts of premotor cortex concerned with production of speech in written form. Premotor cortex, lateral part
- 6. There is activation of mirror motor neurons when we do some movement and when we observe another person doing the same movement. Mirror motor neurons are located in lateral premotor cortex. These neurons are important in understanding the intention of some motor act. Mirror motor neurons
- 8. Reticular formation extends throughout the entire brainstem. Lateral and medial vestibulospinal tract: adjustment of posture. Lateral vestibulospinal tract from lateral vestibular nuclei goes ipsilaterally and terminates in the spinal cord cell group concerned with extensor muscles tone (primarily in the lower extremities). Vestibulospinal tracts
- 9. Medial vestibulospinal tract is bilateral and terminates among medial lower motor neuronal columns, mainly found in the cervical region of the spinal cord: vestibulocervical reflexes. Vestibulospinal tracts
- 10. Visceral and somatic motor control. Mesencephalic and rostral pontine reticular formation modulates forebrain activity. Caudal pontine and medullary reticular formation is concerned with premotor coordination of lower somatic and visceral motor neuronal pools. Reticulospinal system is concerned primarily with making anticipatory adjustments of posture. Reticulospinal tract
- 11. It is a motor structure that integrates sensory information from vision, audition, pain and temperature sensation. Superior colliculus
- 13. Volitional movement: descending pyramidal and extrapyramidal projections from motor cortex and brainstem Lateral: fine control of distal muscles of extremities Medial: posture and proximal muscles of extremities Brainstem reticular formation Motor neuron pools Motor neurons of cranial nerve nuclei and ventral horn of the spinal cord Autonomic preganglionic neurons Muscle contraction and movement Activation of smooth muscles and glands Emotional expression: descending extrapyramidal projections from limbic centers of ventro-medial forebrain and hypothalamus Medial: gain setting, rhythmical reflexes Lateral: specific emotional behaviors Pyramidal pathway Corticobulbar pathway
- 14. https://www.coursera.org/learn/m edical-neuroscience/lecture: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University Literature