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A Mass Scanning
    Workflow
   Discussion

Sociological aspects of a global
    mass scanning project


     Biodiversity Heritage Library
Suzanne C. Pilsk- Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Matthew Person – MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole
                  June 28, 2010
Biodiversity Heritage Library

                                      In any well-appointed Natural History
                                      Library there should be found every book
                                      and every edition of every book dealing in
                                      the remotest way with the subjects
                                      concerned. One never knows wherein one
                                      edition differs from or supplements the
                                      other and unless these are on the same
                                      table at the same time it is not possible to
                                      collate them properly. Moreover for
                                      accurate work it is necessary for the
                                      student to verify every reference he may
                                      find; it is not enough to copy from a
                                      previous author; he must verify each
Charles Davies Sherborn (1861-1942)   reference itself from the original.
                                       Charles Davies Sherborn, Epilogue to Index Animalium, March
                                                                                              1922
●   Vision
●   Application
●   Interaction
●   Results
E.O. Wilson: A single
 webpage for every
  living organism
How do you convert THIS
   into 0’s and 1’s ?
You Meet… and discuss… and
    meet… and discuss…
 ●   2003. Telluride. Encyclopedia of Life meeting
 ●   February 2005. London. Library and Laboratory:
     the Marriage of Research, Data and Taxonomic
     Literature
 ●   May 2005. Washington. Ground work for the
     Biodiversity Heritage Library
 ●   June 2006. Washington. Organizational and
     Technical meeting
 ●   August 2006. New York Botanical Garden. BHL
     Director‟s Meeting.
 ●   October 2006. St. Louis/San Francisco. Technical
     meetings                                           …and you
 ●   February 2007. Museum of Comparative Zoology.
     Organizational meeting
                                                            follow
 ●   May 2007. Encyclopedia of Life and BHL Portal
                                                         through..
     Launch. Washington DC.
Members
●   American Museum of Natural History (New York)
●   Botany Libraries, Harvard University
●   Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of
    Comparative Zoology, Harvard University
●   Field Museum (Chicago)
●   Marine Biological Laboratory / Woods Hole
    Oceanographic Institution Library
●   Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis)
●   Natural History Museum (London)
●   New York Botanical Garden (New York)
●   Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
●   Smithsonian Institution Libraries (Washington)
●   Academy of Natural Science (Philadelphia)
●   California Academy of Science (San Francisco)
Contributing Members and
Partners

●   Internet Archive
●   California Digital Libraries
●   University Library of the
    University of Illinois at Urbana-
    Champaign
Institutions
formed agreements ; quickly
mass scanning work flow began
People Do The Work
*Who has what?

*What should we scan and
when?

*Monographs vs Serials

*Series treated as separates

*Can it be found and used
once scanned?
Initial Metadata Analysis:
  We have 1.3 million
  catalogue records
  73% are monographs
  (remainder are serials at title-
  level)
  63% is English language
  material. The next most
  popular language (9%) is
  German.
  About 30% of material was
  published before 1923.
The
        Worker Bees
●   Telephone conversations
●   Email strings
●   Working documents
●   bhl.wikispaces.com
●   Face to face meetings
●   Presentations
●   Articles
●   Going beyond self
    expectations was the norm
worker bees inside the beehive…
Mass Scanning Workflow
Local data flow

Vendor data flow
WonderFetch tm

Return of data

Return of material

Quality Assurance

Billing
EOL                               Bibliographic
  Curator         species                           Data from
  Request Evaluateneed                              SIRIS
                                                                      Carts delivered to scanner
               title.
               Need is…
Goin‟ down                                      Picklist              Put on shipping cart,
the rows              “gap-fill”                                      generate„packinglist‟ invoice
                      for other                 database
                                                stores
                      BHL library               select/reject/ship
                                                                      Update picklist if item record
                                                state & supplies      has been changed
                                                item metadata         During cataloging touch-up
                                                to IA                 Circ to scanner

                          Select title
                 no       in picklist,
     serial?              upload to                                               Circ to cataloging
                          monograph de-duper                                      for MARC editing
   yes
                                        no     The Stacks            Reject in picklist,
                   yes           Duplicate?                          Circ in Horizon           fail
     Other                                                           Return to stacks
     library
     “bid” ?                                                                               Meta-
                Reject in picklist,                                                        data
    no          return to stacks                                                           check       pass

“Bid”                                 Pull from stacks
                                                                                           Preser-
on title,                             Circ in ILS                                          vation
select in                             Preliminary metadata check                            review     pass
picklist                              And physical check
                                                                                    fail
IA scanning process
                                  Unique IA id is assigned          BHL Portal
                                  Metadata is gathered from         Periodically harvests
                                  SIRIS and the picklist db         Marc.xml (bib) and item
                                  And associated with the scan      Records, along with
                                  JP2000s generated                 JP2000 from
Carts delivered                   & transformed                     Archive.org
                                  Served on archive.org
to scanner                        QA is done by IA on 10%
                                                                    To index and display
                                                                    In the portal

Put on shipping cart,
generate „packinglist‟        Books are returned,
Invoice, alert                cart contents are
scanning center               verified against invoice

                              SIL does 20% QA                    Download .csv from
Update picklist               Checking for metadata matching     portal with SIL
to indicate                   With item, scan quality etc        barcodes, Portal
rescan
                                                                 URLs

                         no              Pass QA?
                                               yes
                              Updated in picklist as scanned      Send URLs to SIRIS
                              Circ in Horizon
                              Place BHL sticker near barcode      Office for batch
                              Return to Stacks                    updates
The work-Flow Process

●   Select Book ~Pull from Shelf
●   Review Physically,
    and check Metadata
●   Establish viability and create
    pick/pack list / Wonderfetch tm
●   Send to IA scanning center
Monographic DeDuper
Presentation ala2010
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Serials Deduping,
merging, bidding…an ordering
process.
OCLC
                          matching




               holdings
institutions
Potential merge-dedupe alert ahead...
Don’t press
the wrong
button
Indicate which
records you intend
to consider as a
single record
Choose the more
complete record
2 records
merged
into single
record for
this title.
Holdings
remain         Potential second bid
distinct for   brewing…
each
institution
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Last step in the workflow?
Presentation ala2010
another view of the
beehive
Presentation ala2010
calling
worker bees
to the beehive
the bee-skyve
Presentation ala2010
24 April 2009
   The following came from a public librarian in Falmouth, Massachusetts:

  "We recently were asked the question: who discovered the zebra fish?
  In searching the Encyclopedia of Life I kept seeing the phrase
  “Hamilton, 1822” next to the “danio rerio”. Wondering who Hamilton
  was, I searched WorldCat and discovered that Hamilton was Francis
  Hamilton who had published in 1822 An account of the fishes found in
  the river Ganges and its branches. I looked at the EOL record and
  clicked on the Biodiversity Heritage Library link. One of the links was to
  a Hamilton book! In 1878 the book The Fishes of India was published
  which included a description and a image of the danio rerio. Links were
  provided to the exact place in the text where the fish was mentioned, as
  well as to the plate with the fish itself illustrated. Not only that, but I
  could send the patron the exact link to both pages which described her
  fish. How remarkable it was to find this Harvard University book
  available so easily through the Biodiversity Heritage Library. A great
  success for our patron, and we looked like magicians bringing the
  book to her."
●   Gary Anderson, Professor Emeritus at the University of Southern
    Mississippi. He used to make an annual trip to our stacks to xerox hundreds
    of articles at a time.


●   “The Biodiversity Heritage Library is a valuable resource for
    acquiring crustacean literature. At present, a search there (http://
    www.biodiversitylibrary.org/Search.aspx?searchTerm=pycnogonid&searchC
    at=) will turn up 5 publications (one of
    which was not contributed by the Smithsonian). Also note that the BHL
    has scanned these and additional literature at the site for taxonomic
    terms, and provides links to those documents. There are 1592 "hits"
    for Pycnogonida. It is likely that you could turn up a lot of
    additional articles within larger works that way. Alternatively, you
    could perform searches for volumes of interest (if you know of
    specific references), to home in on the papers you want. There will
    be A LOT of additional material becoming available at that site.”
“Yesterday whilst reading the latest edition of The
Entomologist's Record I was pleased to find that early
editions of this invaluable publication, edited by the
seminal entomologist James Tutt (no relation to Elvis's
drummer as far as I am aware) are available digitised
[…]

So I went there, and was amazed at what I found.

They even have a blog. What a fantastic project!!!”

From the blog:
http://forteanzoology.blogspot.com/2009/03/fantastic-
resource.html
[…]Michael, an colleague researching wasps was excited that he had
  discovered in the Biodiversity Heritage Library a copy of an obscure 1860s
  book:
  Saussure, H. de & Sichel, J. (1864). Catalogue des espèces de l'ancien
  genre Scolia, contenant les diagnoses, les descriptions et la synonymie des
  espèces, avec des remarques explicatives er critiques. Genève & Paris :
  Henri Georg & V. Masson et Fils pp. 1–350


This book was not in our library, probably not in Australia, and almost
  impossible to get hold of without travelling to the northern hemisphere.
  Thanks to the BHL for their work in providing access to works of importance.
  Michael is now able to use detailed content of this book in his work.


John Tann Australian Museum
The Biodiversity Heritage Library : Advancing Metadata
           Practices in a Collaborative Digital Library

    Suzanne C. Pilsk, Smithsonian Institution Libraries; Matthew Person, MBLWHOI
 Library; Joseph deVeer, Ernst Mayr Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology; John F.
    Furfey, MBLWHOI Library; Martin R. Kalfatovic, Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Abstract:
The Biodiversity Heritage Library is an open access digital library of
taxonomic literature, forming a single point of access to this collection for
use by a worldwide audience of professional taxonomists, as well as
“citizen scientists.” A successful mass scanning digitization program, one
that creates functional and findable digital objects, requires thoughtful
metadata workflow that parallels the workflow of the physical items from
shelf to scanner. This article examines the needs of users of taxonomic
literature, specifically in relation to the transformation of traditional library
material to digital form. It details the issues that arise in determining
scanning priorities, avoiding duplication of scanning across the founding
twelve natural history and botanical garden library collections, and the
problems related to the complexity of serials, monographs, and series.
Highlighted are the tools, procedures, and methodology for addressing the
details of a mass scanning operation.
Presentation ala2010
A Mass Scanning
    Workflow
   Discussion


     Pilsks@si.edu
    mperson@mbl.edu


Thanks to All Staff of the
    BHL Members

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Presentation ala2010

  • 1. A Mass Scanning Workflow Discussion Sociological aspects of a global mass scanning project Biodiversity Heritage Library Suzanne C. Pilsk- Smithsonian Institution Libraries Matthew Person – MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole June 28, 2010
  • 2. Biodiversity Heritage Library In any well-appointed Natural History Library there should be found every book and every edition of every book dealing in the remotest way with the subjects concerned. One never knows wherein one edition differs from or supplements the other and unless these are on the same table at the same time it is not possible to collate them properly. Moreover for accurate work it is necessary for the student to verify every reference he may find; it is not enough to copy from a previous author; he must verify each Charles Davies Sherborn (1861-1942) reference itself from the original. Charles Davies Sherborn, Epilogue to Index Animalium, March 1922
  • 3. Vision ● Application ● Interaction ● Results
  • 4. E.O. Wilson: A single webpage for every living organism
  • 5. How do you convert THIS into 0’s and 1’s ?
  • 6. You Meet… and discuss… and meet… and discuss… ● 2003. Telluride. Encyclopedia of Life meeting ● February 2005. London. Library and Laboratory: the Marriage of Research, Data and Taxonomic Literature ● May 2005. Washington. Ground work for the Biodiversity Heritage Library ● June 2006. Washington. Organizational and Technical meeting ● August 2006. New York Botanical Garden. BHL Director‟s Meeting. ● October 2006. St. Louis/San Francisco. Technical meetings …and you ● February 2007. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Organizational meeting follow ● May 2007. Encyclopedia of Life and BHL Portal through.. Launch. Washington DC.
  • 7. Members ● American Museum of Natural History (New York) ● Botany Libraries, Harvard University ● Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University ● Field Museum (Chicago) ● Marine Biological Laboratory / Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library ● Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis) ● Natural History Museum (London) ● New York Botanical Garden (New York) ● Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ● Smithsonian Institution Libraries (Washington) ● Academy of Natural Science (Philadelphia) ● California Academy of Science (San Francisco)
  • 8. Contributing Members and Partners ● Internet Archive ● California Digital Libraries ● University Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
  • 9. Institutions formed agreements ; quickly mass scanning work flow began
  • 11. *Who has what? *What should we scan and when? *Monographs vs Serials *Series treated as separates *Can it be found and used once scanned?
  • 12. Initial Metadata Analysis: We have 1.3 million catalogue records 73% are monographs (remainder are serials at title- level) 63% is English language material. The next most popular language (9%) is German. About 30% of material was published before 1923.
  • 13. The Worker Bees ● Telephone conversations ● Email strings ● Working documents ● bhl.wikispaces.com ● Face to face meetings ● Presentations ● Articles ● Going beyond self expectations was the norm
  • 14. worker bees inside the beehive…
  • 15. Mass Scanning Workflow Local data flow Vendor data flow WonderFetch tm Return of data Return of material Quality Assurance Billing
  • 16. EOL Bibliographic Curator species Data from Request Evaluateneed SIRIS Carts delivered to scanner title. Need is… Goin‟ down Picklist Put on shipping cart, the rows “gap-fill” generate„packinglist‟ invoice for other database stores BHL library select/reject/ship Update picklist if item record state & supplies has been changed item metadata During cataloging touch-up to IA Circ to scanner Select title no in picklist, serial? upload to Circ to cataloging monograph de-duper for MARC editing yes no The Stacks Reject in picklist, yes Duplicate? Circ in Horizon fail Other Return to stacks library “bid” ? Meta- Reject in picklist, data no return to stacks check pass “Bid” Pull from stacks Preser- on title, Circ in ILS vation select in Preliminary metadata check review pass picklist And physical check fail
  • 17. IA scanning process Unique IA id is assigned BHL Portal Metadata is gathered from Periodically harvests SIRIS and the picklist db Marc.xml (bib) and item And associated with the scan Records, along with JP2000s generated JP2000 from Carts delivered & transformed Archive.org Served on archive.org to scanner QA is done by IA on 10% To index and display In the portal Put on shipping cart, generate „packinglist‟ Books are returned, Invoice, alert cart contents are scanning center verified against invoice SIL does 20% QA Download .csv from Update picklist Checking for metadata matching portal with SIL to indicate With item, scan quality etc barcodes, Portal rescan URLs no Pass QA? yes Updated in picklist as scanned Send URLs to SIRIS Circ in Horizon Place BHL sticker near barcode Office for batch Return to Stacks updates
  • 18. The work-Flow Process ● Select Book ~Pull from Shelf ● Review Physically, and check Metadata ● Establish viability and create pick/pack list / Wonderfetch tm ● Send to IA scanning center
  • 24. OCLC matching holdings institutions
  • 27. Indicate which records you intend to consider as a single record
  • 29. 2 records merged into single record for this title. Holdings remain Potential second bid distinct for brewing… each institution
  • 41. Last step in the workflow?
  • 43. another view of the beehive
  • 48. 24 April 2009 The following came from a public librarian in Falmouth, Massachusetts: "We recently were asked the question: who discovered the zebra fish? In searching the Encyclopedia of Life I kept seeing the phrase “Hamilton, 1822” next to the “danio rerio”. Wondering who Hamilton was, I searched WorldCat and discovered that Hamilton was Francis Hamilton who had published in 1822 An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. I looked at the EOL record and clicked on the Biodiversity Heritage Library link. One of the links was to a Hamilton book! In 1878 the book The Fishes of India was published which included a description and a image of the danio rerio. Links were provided to the exact place in the text where the fish was mentioned, as well as to the plate with the fish itself illustrated. Not only that, but I could send the patron the exact link to both pages which described her fish. How remarkable it was to find this Harvard University book available so easily through the Biodiversity Heritage Library. A great success for our patron, and we looked like magicians bringing the book to her."
  • 49. Gary Anderson, Professor Emeritus at the University of Southern Mississippi. He used to make an annual trip to our stacks to xerox hundreds of articles at a time. ● “The Biodiversity Heritage Library is a valuable resource for acquiring crustacean literature. At present, a search there (http:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org/Search.aspx?searchTerm=pycnogonid&searchC at=) will turn up 5 publications (one of which was not contributed by the Smithsonian). Also note that the BHL has scanned these and additional literature at the site for taxonomic terms, and provides links to those documents. There are 1592 "hits" for Pycnogonida. It is likely that you could turn up a lot of additional articles within larger works that way. Alternatively, you could perform searches for volumes of interest (if you know of specific references), to home in on the papers you want. There will be A LOT of additional material becoming available at that site.”
  • 50. “Yesterday whilst reading the latest edition of The Entomologist's Record I was pleased to find that early editions of this invaluable publication, edited by the seminal entomologist James Tutt (no relation to Elvis's drummer as far as I am aware) are available digitised […] So I went there, and was amazed at what I found. They even have a blog. What a fantastic project!!!” From the blog: http://forteanzoology.blogspot.com/2009/03/fantastic- resource.html
  • 51. […]Michael, an colleague researching wasps was excited that he had discovered in the Biodiversity Heritage Library a copy of an obscure 1860s book: Saussure, H. de & Sichel, J. (1864). Catalogue des espèces de l'ancien genre Scolia, contenant les diagnoses, les descriptions et la synonymie des espèces, avec des remarques explicatives er critiques. Genève & Paris : Henri Georg & V. Masson et Fils pp. 1–350 This book was not in our library, probably not in Australia, and almost impossible to get hold of without travelling to the northern hemisphere. Thanks to the BHL for their work in providing access to works of importance. Michael is now able to use detailed content of this book in his work. John Tann Australian Museum
  • 52. The Biodiversity Heritage Library : Advancing Metadata Practices in a Collaborative Digital Library Suzanne C. Pilsk, Smithsonian Institution Libraries; Matthew Person, MBLWHOI Library; Joseph deVeer, Ernst Mayr Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology; John F. Furfey, MBLWHOI Library; Martin R. Kalfatovic, Smithsonian Institution Libraries Abstract: The Biodiversity Heritage Library is an open access digital library of taxonomic literature, forming a single point of access to this collection for use by a worldwide audience of professional taxonomists, as well as “citizen scientists.” A successful mass scanning digitization program, one that creates functional and findable digital objects, requires thoughtful metadata workflow that parallels the workflow of the physical items from shelf to scanner. This article examines the needs of users of taxonomic literature, specifically in relation to the transformation of traditional library material to digital form. It details the issues that arise in determining scanning priorities, avoiding duplication of scanning across the founding twelve natural history and botanical garden library collections, and the problems related to the complexity of serials, monographs, and series. Highlighted are the tools, procedures, and methodology for addressing the details of a mass scanning operation.
  • 54. A Mass Scanning Workflow Discussion Pilsks@si.edu mperson@mbl.edu Thanks to All Staff of the BHL Members