Presentation of data
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The document contains examples of various types of charts and graphs used to visualize data, including line graphs, pie charts, bar charts, histograms, stem-and-leaf plots, box-and-whisker plots, scatter plots, and Lorenz curves. It provides illustrations of these different graphical representations without any accompanying data or context.
Presentation of data
- 1. ARRAY 2 7 8 11 15 16 18 19 19 19 23 23 24 26 27 29 33 40 44 47 49 51 54 63 68
- 2. SIMPLE TABLE DISTRIBUTION OF AGES OF DCDMBS STUDENTS Age of student Frequency Relative frequency 19 14 0.0350 20 23 0.0575 21 134 0.3350 22 149 0.3725 23 71 0.1775 24 9 0.0225 TOTAL 400 1.0000
- 3. COMPOUND TABLE COURSE BA B Com B Sc R Pass 37 25 33 E S Supp 5 10 4 U L Fail 11 8 27 T
- 4. SINGLE LINE GRAPH Line graph for ages of students 160 Number of students 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 19 20 21 22 23 24 Age
- 5. MULTIPLE LINE GRAPH Multiple line graph for age distribution at academic institutions 160 140 Number of students 120 100 UoM 80 DCDMBS 60 UTM 40 20 0 19 20 21 22 23 24 Age
- 6. SIMPLE PIE CHART Distribution of students enrolled for BA, B Com and B Sc BA 33% B Com 40% B Sc 27%
- 7. ENHANCED PIE CHART Distribution of students enrolled for BA, B Com and B Sc BA 33% 40% B Com B Sc 27%
- 8. SIMPLE BAR CHART Simple bar chart for age distribution of students 160 140 Number of students 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 19 20 21 22 23 24 Age
- 9. MULTIPLE BAR CHART Multiple bar chart showing the results for BA, B Com and B Sc 40 35 30 25 Results Pass 20 Supp 15 Fail 10 5 0 BA B Com B Sc Courses
- 10. COMPONENT BAR CHART Component bar chart showing the results for each course 70 60 50 Fail Results 40 Supp 30 Pass 20 10 0 BA B Com B Sc Courses
- 11. PERCENTAGE BAR CHART Percentage bar chart showing the results for each course 100% 90% 80% 70% Fail Results 60% 50% Supp 40% 30% Pass 20% 10% 0% BA B Com B Sc Courses
- 12. HISTOGRAM (EQUAL CELL WIDTH) Histogram for grouped data 45 40 Number of workers (frequency) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 [20.5, [25.5, [30.5, [35.5, [40.5, [45.5, [50.5, [55.5, 25.5) 30.5) 35.5) 40.5) 45.5) 50.5) 55.5) 60.5) Age group of w orkers
- 13. HISTOGRAM (UNEQUAL CELL WIDTHS) Histogram (unequal class intervals) using frequency density 1.6 1.4 1.2 Frequency density 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 20 40 60 80 Temparature (degrees Fahrenheit)
- 14. FREQUENCY POLYGON (USING HISTOGRAM) Histogram and frequency polygon for grouped data 18 16 14 12 Frequency 10 8 6 4 2 0 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit)
- 15. FREQUENCY POLYGON Frequency polygon for grouped data 45 Number of students (frequency) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 20.5 – 25.5 – 30.5 – 35.5 – 40.5 – 45.5 – 50.5 – 55.5 – 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5 Age of students
- 16. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY (LESS THAN OGIVE) 'Less than' cumulative frequency curve for age 160 140 120 'Less than' CF 100 80 60 40 20 0 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5 Age (upper real limits)
- 17. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY (MORE THAN OGIVE) 'More than' cumulative frequency ogive for age 160 140 120 'More than' CF 100 80 60 40 20 0 20.5 25.5 30.5 35.5 40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5 Age (lower real limits)
- 18. STEM-AND-LEAF PLOT Stem Leaf Stem Leaf 1 7 9 1 7 9 2 2 2 2 3 8 9 3 8 9 4 5 7 4 4 4 5 7 5 3 4 5 4 1 4 5 1 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 6 5 6 7 6 5 2 7 2 5 6 8 4 8 4 Key 1|7 means 17
- 19. STEM-AND-LEAF PLOT (BACK-TO-BACK) Key (French) French English Key (English) 8|5 means 58 6|3 means 63 2 1 3 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 8 8 7 3 3 0 5 2 8 6 9 6 1 1 6 3 5 5 8 9 8 5 7 1 2 2 7 9 9 1 8 4 5
- 20. BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number of marks
- 21. BOX-AND-WHISKERS PLOT (COMPARISON) French English O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number of marks
- 22. SCATTER PLOT Scatterplot of length of metal rod at various temperatures 6.1 6 5.9 5.8 5.7 Length 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Temperature
- 23. TIME-SERIES HISTORIGRAM Time series for annual sales of petrol 1000 900 800 700 Sales ($m) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Year
- 24. LORENZ CURVE Lorenz curve for the distribution of taxpayers 1 0.9 Line of uniform 0.8 distribution Proportion of tax paid 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Proportion of taxpayers
- 25. Z-CHART