problem solving and creativity
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The document discusses problem solving and creativity. It outlines Edward Torrance's four criteria for creativity: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality. It then provides examples and activities to practice each criterion. The document also discusses Torrance's framework for creative thinking and outlines the six stages of creative problem solving: mess finding, data finding, problem finding, idea finding, solution finding, and acceptance finding. Key aspects of each stage are briefly described.
problem solving and creativity
- 1. Problem Solving and Creativity
- 2. Learning Outcomes: explain the four criteria of creativity by Torrance practice creative thinking apply problem solving skills
- 3. EDWARD PAUL TORRANCE Known as the "Father of Creativity" for his nearly 60 years of research that became the framework for the field of gifted education. He was professor emeritus of educational psychology He invented the benchmark method for quantifying creativity
- 4. EDWARD PAUL TORRANCE The "Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking" helped shatter the theory that IQ tests alone were sufficient to gauge real intelligence. The tests solidified what heretofore was only conceptual - namely that creative levels can be scaled and then increased through practice.
- 6. Advance Organizer Problem Solving/ Creativity Torrance’s Creativity Framework Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Six Stage of CPS Fluency Flexibility Elaboration Originality
- 7. Activity Remove 8 matches to leave just two squares, which should not touch.
- 8. Activity What would happen if humans had one more eye at the back of their head? Hmmmmm
- 9. Torrance Framework for Creative Thinking
- 10. Fluency Fluency refers to the production of a great number of ideas or alternate solutions to a problem. Fluency implies understanding, not just remembering information that is learned.
- 11. Fluency Key words compare, convert, count, define, describe, explain, identify, label, list, match, name, outline, paraphrase, predict, summarize
- 12. Fluency Application activities Trace a picture and label its parts. Outline an article you find on your topic. How many uses can you think of a clothes hanger?
- 13. Fluency List 15 things that are commonly red or contain red. Example: Apple, blood, brick, caboose, cherry, Christmas stocking, exit sign, fire alarm, flag, heart, red nose reindeer, rose, tomato
- 14. Flexibility Flexibility refers to the production of ideas that show a variety of possibilities or realms of thought. It involves the ability to see things from different points of view, to use many different approaches or strategies.
- 15. Flexibility • Key words Change, demonstrate, distinguish, employ, extrapolate, interpolate, interpret, predict.
- 16. Flexibility Application ideas What would happen if ... there were no automobiles How would a ... dog look to a flea? How is _______ like ________? How would you feel if ... you were invisible for a day?
- 17. Flexibility How would you group the ideas about "red" into categories? Example: fruit, safety features, vehicles
- 18. Flexibility Once categories are identified, fluency may be further demonstrated by generating more ideas about the idea red within categories. Even a modest attempt could result in the following lists, recognizing that the creative thinking process may shift the mind in a spiral way between all four aspects of creativity.
- 19. Flexibility Red fruit Red safety features Red vehicles apple exit sign caboose cherry fire alarm fire truck raspberry stop sign tricycle tomatoe tail lights wagon
- 20. Elaboration Definition Elaboration is the process of enhancing ideas by providing more detail. Additional detail and clarity improves interest in, and understanding of, the topic.
- 21. Elaboration Key words Appraise, critique, determine, evaluate, grade, judge, measure, select, test.
- 22. Elaboration Application ideas Tell your neighbor about your last family trip using as many detail as possible. What can you add to_______ to improve its quality o r performance? Describe all the possible characteristics of the red quality in a wagon Example: Shade, finish, texture, uniformity.
- 23. Elaboration Describe all the possible characteristics of the red quality in a wagon Example: Shade, finish, texture, uniformity.
- 24. Originality Definition Originality involves the production of ideas that are unique or unusual. It involves synthesis or putting information about a topic back together in a new way.
- 25. Originality Key words Compose, create, design, generate, integrate, modify, rearrange, reconstruct, reorganize, revise.
- 26. Originality Application ideas Find an original use for_________. What would be the strangest way to get out of bed? Design a new___________ that is better than the one you have
- 27. Originality Write an unusual title for the ideas about red. Example: Revolutionary "Red" Representation.
- 29. • Is an intentional process for solving and problems and discussing opportunities. • It espouses the use of creativity in the 1950’s Alex Osborn described this process in his book, Applied Imagination. • Osborn opened the process in the public domain which mean anyone can use it. • Over the years countless people have utilized the CPS in various fields and endeavors.
- 30. Osborn’s Checklist, the origin of the Classical Brainstorming is the root of creative problem solving (CPS). There are variety of general structures: define problem, generate possible solutions, select and implement the best’ which can be found extensively, in several different academic tradition.
- 31. The following , based on Van Gundy (1988’s) description, is a very brief skeleton of a very rich process, showing it in its full ‘6 x 2’ stages form:
- 32. • Sensitise yourself (scan, search) for issues (concerns, challenges, opportunities etc.) that need to be tackled. 1. Mess Finding
- 33. 1. Mess Finding • Divergent techniques include ‘Wouldn’t It Be Nice If…’ (WIBNI) and ‘Wouldn’t It Be Awful If…’ (WIBAI) – brainstorming to identify desirable outcomes, and obstacles to be overcome. • Convergent techniques include the identification of hotspots (Highlighting), expressed as a list of IWWMs (‘In What Ways Might…’), and selection in terms of ownership criteria (e.g. problem-owner’s motivation and ability to influence it) and outlook criteria (e.g. urgency, familiarity, stability).
- 34. 2. Data finding • Gather information about the problem
- 35. 2. Data Finding • Divergent techniques include Five Ws and H (Who, Why, What, When, Where and How) and listing of wants, sources and data: List all your information ‘wants’ as a series of question; for each, list possible sources of answers; then follow these up and for each source, list what you found. • Convergent techniques again include: identifying hotspots (Highlighting); Mind-mapping to sort and classify the information gathered; and also restating the problem in the light of your richer understanding of it.
- 36. 3. Problem Finding • convert a fuzzy statement of the problem into a broad statement more suitable for idea finding.
- 37. 3. Problem Finding • Divergent techniques include asking ‘Why?’ etc. – the repeatable questions and Five Ws and H. • Convergent techniques include Highlighting again, reformulation of problem-statements to meet the criteria that they contain only one problem and no criteria, and selection of the most promising statement (but NB that the mental ‘stretching’ that the activity gives to the participants can be as important as the actual statement chosen).
- 38. 4. Idea Finding • generate as many ideas as possible
- 39. 4. Idea Finding • Divergence using any of a very wide range of idea-generating techniques. The general rules of classical brainstorming (such as deferring judgement) are likely to under-pin all of these. • Convergence can again involve hotspots or mind- mapping, the combining of different ideas, and the short-listing of the most promising handful, perhaps with some thought for the more obvious evaluation criteria, but not over-restrictively
- 40. 5. Solution Finding • Generate and select obvious evaluation criteria (using an expansion/contraction cycle) and develop (which may include combining) the short-listed ideas from Idea Finding as much as you can in the light of these criteria. Then opt for the best of these improved ideas (e.g. using Comparison tables).
- 41. Dianne Carmela Dela Cruz Franzel del Mundo