Problem Solving in Career Counselling (in Educational Settings)
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This document outlines problem solving as a career counseling method. It discusses the history and theoretical background of problem solving approaches. The method presentation involves 6 steps: defining the problem, generating solutions, evaluating solutions, selecting the best solution, planning implementation, and evaluating/revising the plan. Problem solving has been integrated into psycho-educational programs to increase career education effectiveness by developing self-knowledge, problem solving, and conflict management skills. The method has advantages like applicability to various contexts but also disadvantages like potential inefficiency if used in isolation without other techniques.
Problem Solving in Career Counselling (in Educational Settings)
- 1. PROBLEM SOLVING IN CAREER COUNSELLING Submitted by Syed Ali Roshan MA EPM III Evening Submitted to Dr. Farkhanda
- 2. OUTLINE History Theoretical Background Method Presentation Problem Solving in Career Counselling Psycho-educational programs that integrate problem solving Method evaluation
- 3. HISTORY Based on research carried on clinical and non-clinical population and a series of theoretical models (Nezu; Nezu,1989; O’Donohue; Krasner, 1995, apud Mueser, 1998) Role of cognitive skills in adaptive psycho-social functioning and in implementation of adaptive behaviors: perception of relevant social parameters extracting and interpreting the relevant social information identifying alternative behavioral response evaluating advantages and disadvantages of implementing
- 4. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Problem solving is acounselling method that applies to the following contexts: career counselling counselling and guidance psycho-pedagogical counselling psycho-educational programs
- 5. METHOD PRESENTATION 1. Defining the problem · Eliciting different opinions or perspectives on the nature of the problem. · Defining the problem and the goal in specific, behavioural, operational terms. · If more than one person shares the problem, making sure all the others agree to the new definition. 2. Generating alternative solutions to the problem · Generating as many solutions as possible (without assessment) through brainstorming. · Creativity is important; any solution however unusual is accepted. 3. Evaluating solutions · Appreciating advantages and disadvantages of each solution. · Evaluating solutions systematically, one by one. · Avoiding to decide on the best solution before evaluating them all.
- 6. METHOD PRESENTATION 4. Selecting the best solution · Selecting the seemingly most efficient solution. · Evaluating the difficulty to implement the solution. · Choosing several solutions if they are easy to combine. 5. Planning implementation of solution / solutions · Considering the necessary resources for implementation: time, money, abilities, information, etc. · Anticipation of possible obstacles in implémentation. · Setting the implementation calendar. · Assigning people to tasks (if more people are involved). 6. Evaluating and revising the problem solving plan after implementation · Planning a follow-up to assess efficiency. · Modifying the problem solving plan if the desired results fail to appear. · Using all problem-solving actions even if the problem has not been completely solved.
- 7. PROBLEM SOLVING IN CAREER COUNSELLING Defining the problem Investigating solution alternatives Implementing the action plan to produce change Problem solving as assessment and monitoring
- 8. PSYCHO-EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS THAT INTEGRATE PROBLEM SOLVING ABLE is a psycho-educational program created to increase the efficiency of career education through developing self-knowledge, problem solving and conflict management. Self-knowledge is one of the basic skills in career developing and planning The program “I Can Problem Solve” – ICPS was created by Shure starting from cognitive problem solving theories. Sets out to teach pupils how to think (and not what to think), develop their cognitive skills and consequently improve their social adaptation, encourage pro-social behaviour, and decrease reaction impulsiveness and violence Improving Social Awareness-Social Problem Solving” – Elias is based on a psychological theory about the role of pupils’ coping abilities in decision situations, and the consequences on behavior.
- 9. METHOD EVALUATION Advantages: applicable to varied contexts: individually, pupil group, family; efficient as primary intervention in emotional or behaviour disorders; beneficial in dealing with problems related to anger, assertiveness, social anxiety, in developing job hunting skills, in couple counselling. Disadvantages: inefficient if isolated, as secondary prevention or intervention. Recommended in combination with other techniques in alleviating disorders (e.g. stress inoculation technique, relaxation, cognitive restructuring for anger management intervention, cognitive techniques for intervention in depression, exposure technique, progressive desensitivisation for intervention in anxiety).
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