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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 7
Supporting Procurement with SAP
Chapter Objectives/Study Questions
Q1. What are the fundamentals of a Procurement process?
Q2. How did the Procurement process at CBI work before SAP?
Q3. What were the problems with the Procurement process before SAP?
Q4. How does CBI implement SAP?
Q5. How does the Procurement process work at CBI after SAP?
Q6. How can SAP improve supply chain processes at CBI?
Q7. How does the use of SAP change CBI?
Q8. What new IS will affect the Procurement process in 2024?

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List of Key Terms
• 3D printing – also known as additive manufacturing, objects are manufactured
through the deposition of successive layers of material.
• Augmented reality – computer data or graphics overlaid onto the physical
environment.
• Bottleneck – event that occurs when a limited resource greatly reduces the output of
an integrated series of activities or processes.
• Bullwhip effect – occurs when companies order more supplies than are needed due to
a sudden change in demand.
• Buy-in – selling a product or system for less than its true price.
• Finished goods inventory – completed products awaiting delivery to customers.
• Internal control – control that systematically limits the actions and behaviors of
employees, processes, and systems within the organization to safeguard assets and to
achieve objectives.
• Invoice – an itemized bill sent by the supplier.
• Lead time – the time required for a supplier to deliver an order.
• Procurement – the process of obtaining goods and services such as raw materials,
machine spare parts, and cafeteria series. It is an operational process executed
hundreds or thousands of times a day in a large organization. The three main
procurement activities are Order, Receive, and Pay.
• Purchase order – a written document requesting delivery of a specified quantity of
product or service in return for payment.
• Purchase requisition (PR) – an internal company document that issues a request for
a purchase.
• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) – chips that broadcast data to receivers to
display and record data that can be used to identify and track items in the supply
chain.
• Raw materials inventory – stores components like bicycle tires and other goods
procured from suppliers.
• Returns Management process – manages returns of a business’ faulty products.
• Roll up – the accounting process to compile and summarize the accounting
transactions into balance sheets and income statements.
• Supplier evaluation process – process to determine the criteria for supplier selection
that adds or removes suppliers from the list of approved suppliers.
• Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) process – process that automates,
simplifies, and accelerates a variety of supply chain processes. It helps companies
reduce procurement costs, build collaborative supplier relationships, better manage
supplier options, and improve time to market.
• Supply chain management (SCM) – the design, planning, execution, and integration
of all supply chain processes. It uses a collection of tools, techniques, and
management activities to help businesses develop integrated supply chains that
support organizational strategy.
• Three-way match – the data on the invoice must match the purchase order and the
goods receipt.

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MIS InClass 7
1. Describe the order pattern from the customers to the retailer every week.
The order pattern from the customers to the retailer was random from week to week.
One week demand would be six bikes, and 12 the next. The following week demand
would be for only two bikes. Sometimes the demand would trend upward, steadily
increasing over a period of weeks. At other times, demand would slowly fall over a
period of time.
2. Why did the ordering pattern between the suppliers in the supply chain evolve
the way it did?
Initially, the ordering pattern between the stations was very erratic. A bullwhip effect
was created. As the game moved forward, product was able to work its way through
the supply chain, so orders were able to be met. This created a pattern of over-
ordering, which led to generally excessive inventory. As the randomness of the orders
was realized, the orders through the supply chain moved up and down as well.
3. What are the objectives and measures for each team’s procurement process?
The objectives for each station are to have less inventory and less backorders. To
measure this, stations use the total cost. The total cost is 0.5 (inventory) +1
(backorders).
4. Where is the IS? What would more data allow? What data are most needed?
There is not an IS present in the game. More data would allow materials planning
within the supply chain. Customer demand is most needed. It takes a long time to get
the customer data through the different stations. If the factory had a more direct view
of customer demand, the backorder and inventory problems would not be as
exaggerated downstream.
5. If you spent money on an IS, would it improve an activity, data flow, control,
automation, or procedure?
It would improve the linkage between the retailer and each of the stations in the
supply chain. Without an IS, each station can only know what the demand is one
station away, and there is an inherent lag. This lag can be reduced when every station
understands what the customer demand actually is.

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6. Create a BPMN diagram of your team’s weekly procurement process.
Procurement Process for Wholesaler
Purchasing Manager Warehouse Manager Fulfillment Manager
Phase
Receive Incoming
Orders and Advance
the order delay
Fill the Order
Place Order
Receive Inventory
and advance the
shipping delay
Record Back Log
Start
Enough
inventory to
fulfill
Yes
No
Check Inventory
Inventory
Update Inventory
Enough
Inventory
No
End
Yes
Update Inventory

5 of 17
Using Your Knowledge
7-1. Two supply chain processes introduced in this chapter are Returns
Management and Supplier Evaluation.
a. Create a BPMN diagram of each of these processes.
Returns Managment
Retailer Factory Supplier
Phase
Start
End
Product Received by
Retailer
Product Returned to
Factory
Correct Supplier
Charged for Defect
Replacement
Product issued to
Customer
Product Received by
Factory
Product Examined
for Defect
Supplier Charged

6 of 17
Supplier Evaluation
Approved Supplier List
Purchasing Manager
Phase
Approved
Supplier DB
Start
End
Suppliers are
nominated
Information
Gathered
Supplier
Approved
Update List
Yes
b. Specify efficiency and effectiveness objectives for each process and identify
measures appropriate for CBI.
Potential efficiency objective examples for:
Returns Management: Fewer product returns.
Supplier Evaluation: Time to approve suppliers.

7 of 17
Potential effectiveness objective examples for:
Returns Management: Quality Controls.
Supplier Evaluation: Sufficient number of approved suppliers.
Potential efficiency measures for:
Returns Management: Percentage of quality control tests passed and inspecting
parts prior to assembly.
Supplier Evaluation: Inventory turnover.
Potential effectiveness measures for:
Returns Management: Decrease in Product Returns account.
Supplier Evaluation: Decrease in the number of suppliers removed from the list
of approved suppliers.
c. What new information system technologies could be used by CBI to
improve these processes, as specified by your measures in part b? Can AR,
RFID, or 3D printing be used to improve these processes?
Yes, RFID could be used to track batches of parts that fail a quality control
inspection, allowing CBI to find the parts before they are used to assemble other
products. Augmented Reality could be used when inspecting a returned product.
The parts in the product could be linked directly to the supplier, allowing CBI to
quickly charge the supplier for the defect to reduce its own Returns allowance
and increase its accounts receivable.
7-2. Which of the four nonroutine cognitive skills identified in Chapter 1 (i.e.,
abstract reasoning, systems thinking, collaboration, and experimentation) did
you use to answer the previous question?
Based on the example answer for question 1, the nonroutine cognitive skill of
systems thinking was used to determine what available technologies could be used
by CBI to help improve its processes and how the technologies could be leveraged
to help each other. Abstract reasoning was also utilized to determine in which step
of the process the technology could be used.
7-3. Which of the four skills in Exercise 7-2 would be most important for Wally’s
replacement?
Wally’s replacement will need to possess systems thinking in order to connect all of
the inputs and outputs produced by CBI into one big system. The three remaining
non-routine skills will also be important for Wally’s replacement. Technology
moves quickly and to remain an effective manager, Wally’s replacement will need
to move quickly as well. Over the course of ten or twenty years, the processes will
also change, creating more opportunities for CBI to improve and become an even
better business.

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7-4. The Procurement process in this chapter is an inbound logistics operational
process. Name two other operational processes at CBI. Describe two inbound
logistics managerial processes and two strategic processes.
Examples of two other operational processes are Accounts Payable and Conducting
Sales. Examples of inbound logistics managerial processes include materials
requirement planning and production assembly employee scheduling. Examples of
strategic processes include budget planning and determining future warehouse
space requirements.
7-5. If a warehouse worker opens a box and the contents are broken, those items
will be returned to the supplier. Add this activity to the BPMN diagram of the
Procurement process (Figure 7-14).
Updated BPMN for Figure 7-12
Purchasing Manager
Warehouse
Manager
SAP Application Accountant
Phase
Start
Update DB
Create Purchase
Requisition
Create Purchase
Order
Receive Goods
Receive Invoice
Yes
Consistent 3
Way Match
Pay Supplier
Yes
End
Retrieve Three-Way
Match Data
Update DB
SAP DB
No
Product in
Acceptable
Condition
Return Product to
Supplier
No
7-6. For the Procurement process after SAP implementation, what are the triggers
for each activity to start? For example, what action (trigger) initiates the
Create PO activity?
To start, the raw material inventory for a given product must drop below a
predetermined level. This will cause a purchase requisition to be created. Once a PR
is created, the purchasing manager must approve it in order to create a purchase
order. Once a PO is created and the materials are delivered, a goods receipt is

9 of 17
created. Once the goods are added to the inventory, the goods receipt creates an
entry in accounts payable. Once CBI receives the invoice for the PO, the receive
invoice process is triggered. This allows the Pay supplier activity to begin. Before
the post outgoing payment activity can be completed, the data from the PO, goods
receipt, and invoice must all be correct (the three-way match).
7-7. What kinds of errors can Wally, Maria, and Ann make that are not captured
by SAP? One example is that Wally might count 20 bottles and 30 cages but
mistakenly enter 20 cages and 30 bottles. Describe a particularly harmful
mistake that each can make and how the process could be changed to prevent
that error.
Wally could accidentally miss clicking OK for one of the products in the Goods
Receipt Screen. Maria could select the wrong supplier for a particular material. Ann
could select the wrong supplier to which to issue a payment. A particularly harmful
mistake that Wally could make is to forget to create a good receipt altogether. To
improve this process, augmented reality and RFID tags could be used to identify
materials that have been shipped by the supplier but have yet to be entered into
inventory at CBI. Maria could mistype a part number to be ordered. To prevent this,
a check could be run to confirm that the part number ordered is below the minimum
stock on hand. Ann could pay the wrong vendor. To prevent this, checks could be
used to ensure that the vendor being paid has an unpaid invoice with CBI and that
the amount of payment is less than or equal to the amount of the accounts payable
for that particular vendor.
7-8. How does a pizza shop’s Procurement process differ from CBI’s? What do you
believe is the corporate strategy of your favorite pizza franchise? What are the
objectives and measures of its Procurement process to support this strategy?
A pizza shop’s procurement process would need to be more efficient than CBI’s.
Pizza shops carry perishable items on their inventory, which means inventory must
be turned over quickly. Pizza shops also generally have narrow margins. This
means that there is not as much room to carry excess inventory like CBI might be
able to. Papa John’s, with over 3,500 locations, aims to provide better pizzas by
using better ingredients. This can be particularly difficult due to the need for fresh
vegetables. Because of this, the chain has local suppliers for each location. To
support the strategy, Papa John’s should have relatively small amounts of raw
materials on hand to make sure that the ingredients are fresh. This can be measured
by the inventory turnover for each ingredient. Another measure is the response time
by suppliers to provide the fresh ingredients. This can be measured by the order
fulfillment time.
7-9. 3D printing has many benefits for businesses. Suggest three products that CBI
might print instead of procure with traditional means and three that your
university might print.
Suggested answers for CBI:
• Any plastic parts for its bicycles, ranging from wheel reflector shells to handle-
bar plugs and from tire filler caps to water bottles and helmet shells.

10 of 17
• Promotional materials such as key chains, custom signage for store display, etc.
• With the right technology and printer cartridges, metal parts may be part of the
process in the future. There are currently experiments with titanium printing that
would allow the printing of high-end gears, derailleurs, etc.
Suggested answers for a university:
• Athletic equipment (think football, hockey, etc.).
• Keys, most universities spend significant funds on key manufacture and control.
• Soft and hard goods with the university seal/logo for sale in the bookstore and at
events.
Students will certainly have a plethora of suggestions.
Which procurement objectives does 3D printing support?
Procurement is primarily associated with inbound logistics. It is the process by
which goods are ordered, received, stored, disseminated within the organization,
and paid for. 3D printing affects ordering (to some extent), receipt, storage, and
dissemination (depending upon where printing occurs relative to the ultimate user’s
location).
7-10. Augmented reality will help employees find items in a warehouse, but this IS
may also support many other processes. Name two and describe how AR will
improve them. Use Google Glass as one example of using AR, and use another
example of AR for your other process.
AR could assist with navigation though a large facility to locate an individual or
functional location. AR could also be used to help a person during a presentation by
presenting context sensitive information viewable only by the presenter regardless
of the presenter’s proximity to a computer (think Google Glass). In a more
traditional sense, AR could present 3D images of complex designs to assist in
product repair, virtual design interaction, etc. If AR is tied to GPS, which is
certainly a reality, your smartphone can present an AR view of your current
location to give you information about your surroundings, or possibly suggest
possibilities for a sales call close to you, for example.

11 of 17
Collaboration Exercise 7
1. Figure 7-8 lists problems with the Procurement process at CBI. Which of these
would apply to the university? Which would not? What are some procurement
problems that might be unique to an athletics department?
In the Accounting role, three-way match discrepancies and the lack of real time
accounting data would apply at university. Purchasing agents could be spread across
many departments and colleges. Internal controls could also be weak in the
Purchasing role. The problems with finished goods inventory and raw materials
inventory would not apply to the university. The athletics department, on the other
hand, may face issues with procurement due to the need for a very specialized piece
of athletic equipment that is only offered by a limited number of suppliers. An
athletics department might also face issues with increased procurement costs because
of low order volumes. It might be difficult to obtain economies of scale when there
are only 25 hockey players who need hockey skates ordered for the season.
2. Figure 7-12 lists objectives and measures that the managers at CBI determined
for the Procurement process. What objectives and measures would you suggest
for the university? What objectives and measures would you expect the athletics
director to suggest (do not use the objectives and measures from Chapter 6)?
For the university, an objective should be to reduce inventory. Another objective
could be to reduce costs. Measures for these objectives would be decreasing
inventory costs from 25% of sales to 15% and to reduce product costs by 5%. The
athletics department should use objectives like reduce cost and increase the volume of
cross-selling. Measures could include reducing product costs by 10% and increasing
cross-selling revenues by 25%.
3. Figure 7-28 lists the impacts of SAP on an organization. Which of these impacts
would affect the athletics department?
Of the four items listed, new skills needed and process focus would affect the
athletics department. The department will need to train employees to be proficient
with the supply chain management system, and to utilize employees’ abstract
reasoning and analytical skills. The athletics department will also need to focus on
processes. The inputs and outputs into the system will provide more data for the
department’s customers and suppliers.
4. Chapter 1 explained four nonroutine cognitive skills: abstract reasoning, systems
thinking, collaboration, and experimentation. Explain how implementing the
new Procurement process at CBI will require each of these skills from the
members of the SAP implementation team.
Abstract reasoning is needed to create and manipulate the models for CBI’s
processes. Ultimately, the process used by the employees and the process that the
SAP software is designed to aid must be the same. It may require the human
processes and computer processes to be tweaked in order to work together. Systems
thinking will be needed in order to fully realize the benefits provided by SAP. The
ERP system creates many inputs and outputs which can be used by the company to

12 of 17
increase the efficiency of it processes and to increase its operating margins. It is up to
the employees to realize how the data can be used. Collaboration is essential for a
successful implementation. Employees from different areas of the company will need
to work together toward a common goal for the investment in the system to be
worthwhile. Experimentation is needed to pursue potential solutions to problems in
the processes and to foster learning opportunities. Not every experiment will be
successful; the opportunity comes in learning something from a failed experiment
other than the knowledge that what was tried did not work.

13 of 17
Active Case 7: SAP PROCUREMENT TUTORIAL
7-11. Describe your first impressions of SAP.
SAP can seem very large and daunting at first glance. Users may have feelings of
confusion and even intimidation. Many textboxes create many opportunities for
user error. However, while SAP may seem a little overwhelming, the system has
many controls in place. Some of these controls include data validation (selecting
vendors or products from a pre-populated list), and auto-completed fields, which
prevent user inputs from being incorrectly entered.|
7-12. What types of skills are necessary to use this system?
In order to use the SAP system, the user needs to possess analytical skills. The
system produces many data points. SAP relies on the efficiency of underlying
processes in order for businesses to gain the full benefit. The processes are designed
and executed by those that use the system.
7-13. Create a screen capture of an SAP screen. Underneath the image, provide an
answer to each of the following questions:
The Post Outgoing Payments screen is used as an example.
a. In which of the activities does this screen occur?
The screen occurs in the Post Payment activity.
b. What is the name of this screen?
This screen is called the Post Outgoing Payments Header screen.

14 of 17
c. What is the name of the screen that precedes it? What screen comes after
it?
The screen that precedes the Post Payment Header screen is the Outgoing
Payment screen. The screen that follows the Post Payment Header screen is the
Post Outgoing Payments process open items screen.
d. What actor accomplishes this activity?
The actor that accomplishes this activity is Ann from accounting.
e. Describe an error that this actor may do on this screen that SAP will
prevent.
Without SAP, Ann could enter the wrong amount for payment. While SAP does
not outright prevent this action, it does provide a check figure in the “Not
assigned” box. If the value for the not assigned box is not zero, Ann will know
that there is an error.
7-14. Make an informal diagram of the four main actors: Supplier (Composite
Bikes), Purchasing (Maria), Warehouse (Wally), and Accounting (Ann). Draw
arrows that show the data that flows among the actors during this process.
Number the arrows and include on each arrow what data are included in the
message.
Case 7 Question 4
Supplier Purchasing Warehouse Accounting
Phase
Start
1. Purchase Requisition Request
Receive Purchase
Request
Create Purchase
Order
Fill Purchase Order
Create Goods
Receipt
Issue Payment
2. Required Material
3. PO information
4. Product
5. Invoicing Information
Send Invoice 6. Invoice
Receive Payment
Create Account
Payable
7. Receipt Confirmation
8. AP Information
9. Payment Data
End

15 of 17
7-15. Using the same four main actors as in question 7-14, this time show with the
arrows how the material (the water bottles and cages) moves.
Case 7 Question 5
Supplier Purchasing Warehouse Accounting
Phase
Receive PO / Ship
Order
Receive Order /
Create Goods
Receipt
Start
End
1. Order Contents

16 of 17
7-16. One concern of a business is fraud. One fraud technique is to create suppliers
who are not suppliers but are co-conspirators. The conspirator inside the
business accepts invoices for nonexistent deliveries. For this fraud scheme to
work, who at CBI has to take part? How can SAP processes decrease the
chance of this type of fraud?
For this scheme to be used, Wally, Maria, and Ann would all need to take part.
Maria would play a central role as the purchasing manager because she would
create both the fictitious vendor and the fraudulent purchase orders. Wally would
also play a role in the warehouse by creating the goods receipt document. By
creating the document, Wally would open up an account payable as well. In
accounting, Ann would be CBI’s last line of defense. Ann would post the payment
to the fictitious vendor, completing the fraud.
SAP processes can decrease this type of fraud by splitting the various processes up
between functional departments and actors within those departments. Access can be
restricted so that no single individual could complete each step necessary for the
fraud. By requiring more actors to take part, the likelihood of a coworker noticing
something is amiss increases. Another measure that can be taken is to utilize an
approved supplier list. This would allow purchase orders to only be placed to
vendors who meet certain requirements. One possible requirement is to undergo a
site visit by members of CBI’s management.
7-17. Select any of the main activities or subactivities in the Procurement process.
The activity used in this example is Create Purchase Order.
a. What event triggers this activity?
The activity is triggered by the purchasing manager approving a purchase
requisition. The purchase requisition may have been automatically generated by
the stock levels of a particular product dropping below a predetermined point.
The purchase requisition may have also been created for a product that CBI
does not normally stock, but needs for a special order or even a new product
line.
b. What activity follows this activity?
Following the Create Purchase Order activity is the Create Goods Receipt
activity.
c. For one data entry item for this activity, describe what would happen in the
rest of the process if that entry was erroneous.
One potential error would be ordering the wrong quantity of an item. This error
can cause problems if not enough are ordered, creating a stock-out, or if too
many are ordered, creating excess inventory. When the warehouse manager
goes to create the goods receipt, the items will be added to the inventory. Once
Ann receives the invoice for the order, a payment will be posted and CBI will
not have the product quantity it needs.

17 of 17
d. For one data entry item for this activity, describe what limits (controls) you
would put in place on the data to prevent the type of error described in
item c.
To prevent an error like the one described above, CBI could implement a
reasonableness check for the create purchase order activity. For example, a
maximum order quantity of 25 could be set for a common component like a
popular road bike frame. On the other hand, the maximum order quantity might
only be five for a less popular specialty product like a cyclocross bike frame. In
the case of the road bike frame, this control would prevent 52 frames from being
ordered. In the case of the cyclocross bike, the smaller maximum order quantity
could prevent CBI from having a large quantity on-hand going into the off-peak
season.

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Processes Systems and Information An Introduction to MIS 1st Edition Kroenke Solutions Manual

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Southern
Literary Messenger, Vol. I., No. 10, June, 1835

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Title: The Southern Literary Messenger, Vol. I., No. 10, June, 1835
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Language: English
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SOUTHERN
LITERARY MESSENGER, VOL. I., NO. 10, JUNE, 1835 ***

THE
SOUTHERN LITERARY
MESSENGER:
DEVOTED TO

EVERY DEPARTMENT OF
LITERATURE
AND
THE FINE ARTS.
Au gré de nos desirs bien plus qu'au gré des vents.
Crebillon's Electre.
As we will, and not as the winds will.
RICHMOND:
T. W. WHITE, PUBLISHER AND PROPRIETOR.
1834-5.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I, NUMBER 10
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
A STORM ON THE PRAIRIES: by D. D. Mitchell, Esquire
LETTERS FROM A SISTER

MY DAUGHTER'S LULLABY
Poems by Emma Willard
OCEAN HYMN
LAFAYETTE
DIRGE
THE OLD PARISH CHURCH: by Nugator
ESTELLE
LINES
FAREWELL TO ROSA
LIONEL GRANBY: by Theta
A VISIT TO THE VIRGINIA SPRINGS
CONVERSATION PARTIES, SOIREES AND SQUEEZES: by Oliver Oldschool
THE SANFORDS: by A.
A SCENE FROM "ARNOLD AND ANDRE": by the author of "Herbert Barclay"
ENGLISH POETRY: by L. L.
HANS PHAALL—A TALE: by Edgar A. Poe
THE SALE: by Nugator
LITERARY NOTICES
THE INFIDEL, or the Fall of Mexico: by the author of Calavar
AN ADDRESS, delivered at his inauguration as President of
Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, Feb. 21, 1835: by Henry
Vethake
A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, from the Discovery of the American
Continent to the present time: by George Bancroft

THE WRITINGS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON; being his Correspondence,
Addresses, Messages, and other Papers, official and private, selected
and published from the original manuscripts; with a life of the
Author, Notes and Illustrations: by Jared Sparks
THE ITALIAN SKETCH-BOOK
OUTRE-MER, or a Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea: by Professor
Longfellow
VOYAGE OF THE U.S. FRIGATE POTOMAC, under the command of
Commodore John Downes, during the circumnavigation of the globe
in the years 1831-32-33 and 34: including a particular account of the
engagement at Quallah-Battoo, on the Coast of Sumatra: by J. N.
Reynolds
THE HISTORY OF IRELAND: by Thomas Moore
BLACKBEARD, or a Page from the Colonial History of Philadelphia
PENCIL SKETCHES OR OUTLINES OF CHARACTER AND MANNERS. Second
Series: by Miss Leslie
THE AMERICAN QUARTERLY REVIEW FOR JUNE
LIFE OF KOSCIUSZKO: by Charles Falkenstein
TOCQUEVILLE'S AMERICAN DEMOCRACY
THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA in their historical,
topographical, and social relations: by G. H. Eberhard
SOUTHERN LITERARY MESSENGER.
VOL. I.] RICHMOND, JUNE 1835. [NO. 10.
T. W. WHITE, PRINTER AND PROPRIETOR. FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.

EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION.
The contents of the present number of the Messenger will be found
various and entertaining, many of them possessing uncommon
merit. They are, like those of the last preceding number, entirely
original.
The continuation of the Manuscripts of D. D. Mitchell, is highly
acceptable. The description of a Storm on the Prairies is told with
much vigor, and will compare favorably with a similar scene in Mr.
Hoffman's excellent itinerary of a Winter in the West.
Nos. XV and XVI of the "Letters of a Sister" are delightful. The
vivacity and elegance of the style, and the feminine grace which
breathes through the whole correspondence, are peculiarly
observable in these numbers.
The 2d and 3d chapters of "Lionel Granby" exhibit an improvement
on the first. But we think the writer has chosen a bad model, since
he displays sufficient ability to render his writings interesting without
imitation. Perhaps unconsciously, he has fallen into what may be
denominated the Bulwerian style, one which pleases less than
almost any other in the hands of an imitator, as like that of Byron it
is essentially an egotistical style.
Our reforming friend, "Oliver Oldschool," has hit off with great force
some of the fashionable assemblages of the present day. Without
entertaining a zeal in the reproval of these extravagancies, quite
commensurate with his own, we are fully aware of the justness of
his strictures upon those modern customs which banish social
intercourse from what are intended for social parties, and burthen
the enjoyment of pleasure with so many qualifications as to make it
little better than pain.

The story of "The Sanfords" is the production of a young girl; and if
the reader should not find in it the skill of riper years, or the deep
interest of more stirring fictions—still, we trust he will agree with us
in the opinion, that it is highly creditable to the talents of a young
lady of sixteen and promises better things, when experience and
observation shall have stored her mind with incidents, and taught
her the art of using them with effect.
"English Poetry, Chap, II," is highly meritorious. We scarcely
supposed that so trite a subject could have been rendered so
attractive. Our correspondent has evidently studied his subject with
great care, and, which is better, con amore. He does not follow in
the beaten track, but has the boldness to differ from many former
critics; and there is a freshness and originality in his remarks which
cannot fail of being admired by the classical reader.
Mr. Poe's story of "Hans Phaall," will add much to his reputation as
an imaginative writer. In these ballooning days, when every "puny
whipster" is willing to risk his neck in an attempt to "leave dull earth
behind him," and when we hear so much of the benefits which
science is to derive from the art of aerostation, a journey to the
moon may not be considered a matter of mere moonshine. Mr. Poe's
scientific Dutch bellows-mender is certainly a prodigy, and the more
to be admired, as he performs impossibilities, and details them with
a minuteness so much like truth, that they seem quite probable.
Indeed the cause of his great enterprise is in admirable harmony
with the exploits which it encourages him to perform. There are
thousands who, to escape the pertinacity of uncivil creditors, would
be tempted to a flight as perilous as that of Hans Phaall. Mr. Poe's
story is a long one, but it will appear short to the reader, whom it
bears along with irresistible interest, through a region of which, of all
others, we know least, but which his fancy has invested with
peculiar charms. We trust that a future missive from the lunar
voyager will give us a narrative of his adventures in the orb that he
has been the first to explore.

"The Sale" is one of Nugator's best sketches, and will be recognized
as true to the life, by those who best know the scenes and
circumstances described. The characters of the Hoe-Cake ridger and
his steed are admirably drawn.
Among our Reviews, those upon Bancroft's History of the United
Stales, and the Writings of General Washington, are from the gifted
pen of the reviewer of the orations of Messrs. Adams and Everett.
The former displays much research, and contains some highly
interesting details of our early history. The latter is the most
eloquent tribute to the character of Washington that has ever met
our eye. It is not our custom to notice our reviews; but it would have
been indelicate in us to assume for a moment, even indirectly, the
authorship of two articles of such transcendent merit.
The Poetical department in the present number is well supplied.
"The Daughter's Lullaby," a parody of Mrs. Hemans's Sunset Tree,
but a parody only in the form of the verse, is a perfect gem. The
Lines on Lafayette, by Mrs. Willard, possess much merit. "The Old
Parish Church," will be read with feeling by the Virginia antiquarian—
if such a being exist among us. The stanzas to "Estelle," and the
lines which follow, were formerly addressed to us under the
signature of Fra Diavolo, and were not inserted, because
accompanied by another poem which the late editor deemed
objectionable. The author has requested us to suppress the latter,
and has permitted the publication of those pieces to which no
exception was taken by our predecessor, who was fully impressed
with the spirit of true poetry which characterizes these productions.
The scene from the unpublished drama, entitled "Arnold and Andre,"
will be read with uncommon interest. The author is not unknown to
fame, and in this fragment of a work, which he informs us it is his
intention to complete, he has given earnest of the merit which it will
possess as a whole. The description of the battle of Princeton (the
only occasion as we believe, in which Washington drew his sword
during the whole war,) is powerfully described by the Old Officer, as
also the great influence which the father of our liberties possessed

and exercised over the minds and actions of his followers. It is with
great pleasure we announce the writer of this admirable scene, as
one from whom future contributions to the Messenger may be
anticipated.
For the Southern Literary Messenger.
A STORM ON THE PRAIRIES.
[From the Manuscripts of D. D. Mitchell, Esquire.]
I left the Fort early in the morning of the 28th December,
accompanied as usual by my Spaniard and a few Canadian servants.
The season thus far had been uncommonly fine, not a spot of snow
was visible on the prairies, and, as we passed along, the Elk,
Antelope, and Fox, were seen in various directions reposing with all
that lazy listlessness which the warm suns of March and April never
fail to produce upon both man and beast. There was in fact nothing
to remind us of the presence of winter, except the barren nakedness
of nature, and the long range of the rocky mountains whose snowy
peaks glittered in the sun, and whose hoary summits stretching far
to the north and south, were undistinguishable from the white
vapory clouds which floated around them. Towards evening,
however, a fresh gale sprung up from the north, and a very sensible
change in the temperature was experienced. We drew our Buffalo
robes closer around us, and jogged on, talking and laughing away
the time, inattentive to the signs of the storm which was rapidly
gathering. A few flakes of snow began to descend, and the sun
became suddenly obscured. We were now sensible that a snow

storm of unusual violence was fast approaching, and we laid whip to
our horses, in the hope of reaching the shelter afforded by a spot of
timbered ground, about eight miles distant. The tempest however
had already burst upon us in all its fury; large snow-flakes came
whirling and eddying about our heads, which were caught up by the
wind before they could fall to the earth;—darkness and confusion
increased every moment, and in half an hour it was impossible to
see ten paces before us. Our horses now became blind and
ungovernable, some dashing away with their riders across the
prairies, heedless of what direction they took, and others taking a
firm and immoveable position with their heads opposite to the wind
and refusing to stir an inch. Of course, all of us became soon
separated. It was of no use to call out to each other, for our voices
were drowned in the roar of the tempest, and could not be heard
twenty steps. In this emergency I dismounted from my steed, and
leaving him to his fate, endeavored to keep myself warm by vigorous
exercise. Blinded and chilled by the wind and snow, I stumbled
forward, groping my way in darkness, and regardless of the route
which I took. At length, having proceeded some distance, I tumbled
headlong into a deep ravine filled with snow, from which, with all my
efforts, enfeebled as I was by fatigue, I was unable to extricate
myself. After some rest and many unavailing trials, I at length
crawled out, and perceiving at some little distance a kind of shelter
formed by an overhanging rock, I immediately sought it, and
wrapping my cloak and blanket around me, sat down in no enviable
mood, contemplating my forlorn and apparently hopeless condition.
After remaining in the ravine about two hours, the fury of the storm
subsided, when on making a careful examination I discovered a
place in the bank which was of comparatively easy ascent, and
accordingly succeeded in gaining the level prairies. I looked around
for my unfortunate companions, but no vestige of them was to be
seen. The snow lay piled up in ridges several feet high, and the wind
though considerably abated, continued to throw its light particles
into such dense masses or clouds as to intercept the view beyond a
short distance. There was a kind of hillock or mound in the prairie,
about a half mile off, to which I directed my steps in the hope that

from its summit I might make some discovery, and I was not
disappointed. I thought that I saw a few hundred yards distant, the
whole of my party collected together, and I instantly turned to join
them. Guess my astonishment, however, when in lieu of my
unfortunate comrades, I recognized my horse standing all benumbed
and shivering with cold, in company with a few old buffalo bulls. I
approached very near before they saw me, but on reaching out my
hand to seize my horse's bridle, the buffaloes took to flight, and
whether it was that my horse being a regular hunter, followed them
from habit, or clung to them in the present instance as companions
in misfortune, I do not know,—but so it was that he scampered off
with the rest, and by his ill timed desertion greatly aggravated my
distress. I was now thirty miles from home,—the night was fast
approaching and the weather intensely cold. What was I to do? If I
lay in the open prairie, without the means of kindling a fire, I knew
that the snow would at once be my winding sheet and grave: the
thought too of my companions, and their uncertain fate, added
poignancy to my reflections.
After a few moments of melancholy musing, I determined to pursue
my horse, and if he could not be reclaimed to shoot him on the spot,
in order that I might recover such articles as he carried on his back,
and which might aid me in repelling the cold. I followed for nearly a
mile, the horse and buffalo still walking off before me, when my
patience being entirely exhausted, I took deliberate aim and fired.
The ball however fell short of its mark, the buffaloes ran off at full
speed, and my horse, greatly to my surprise, instead of following the
bad example of flight, suddenly pricked up his ears and looked
inquiringly around. Whether it was that he knew the report of my
gun, which had so often brought down the buffalo, when mounted
on his back, or that he really took compassion on my desolate
situation and repented his ungrateful conduct, it is of course
impossible to tell, but so it was that he turned round and hastened
to meet me at a brisk trot. When he approached very near, he
stopped and seemed irresolute, but having reloaded my gun I was
resolved that he should not again escape. I made towards him as

warily as possible, when making a sudden spring I seized the bridle,
and in a few moments was safely seated on his back.
A moment before I could have exclaimed with the ill-fated Richard,
"a horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!" but now that I had
reclaimed my own, I found my situation but little alleviated. The sun
had already sunk far behind the mountains, and the wind, which
blew directly from the north, came with such intense bitterness that
in spite of my clothing and robe, it seemed to penetrate my very
vitals. I gazed round on the boundless prairie, in the hope of
descrying some timbered spot which should serve as a place of
refuge, but all was one dreary waste. Nothing was to be seen but a
broad expanse of plain, undulated by ridges of snow—and nothing
heard but the hollow and mournful gusts which swept over the
desolate scene and sounded like a funeral dirge. My apprehensions
were gloomy enough, and losing all confidence in my own half-
bewildered reason, I threw the reins on the neck of my horse, and
giving him the whip, surrendered the choice of the route to his own
better instinct. The sagacious brute seemed conscious of his new
responsibility, and as if to atone for his unkind treatment after the
storm, he gave a loud neigh, and then sprung off at a sweeping
gallop which he continued for an hour and a half. It was now
completely dark, and I was so thoroughly benumbed with cold, that
I could scarcely retain my seat. I felt indeed like one lingering on the
very brink of despair, when my horse suddenly gave another loud
neigh which was instantly returned. He sprang forward with renewed
life and spirit, and in a moment after, upon reaching the top of some
rising ground, a large fire sent up its cheerful blaze to my view; and
to my utter surprise as well as delight, I beheld my companions who
were so recently dispersed by the storm, comfortably seated around
it. With a loud shout of congratulation I hurried down the hill and
joined them. A sailor who has been wrecked at sea, and who after
buffeting the stormy billows until nature is exhausted, is at length
cast on shore by some friendly wave, never felt a more thrilling
sensation of pleasure or thankfulness, than I did at that moment. In
the fulness of my heart I most fervently thanked heaven for its

protection; then seizing my horse around the neck, I tenderly
embraced him, and poured forth my gratitude and forgiveness to his
unconscious ear. Many no doubt would be disposed to smile at this
seeming folly; but let them reflect that when the spirit has been
raised from the lowest depths of despair to the highest summit of
hope and enjoyment—the man must be cold indeed who does not
evince some extravagance in feeling or conduct, as in the case of
the poor man, whose fortunes are suddenly made by a prize in the
lottery, some excuse may be given for a few irrational freaks and
absurd eccentricities. Like all excessive joy, however, mine was but
temporary—or at least not unalloyed, for I soon discovered that one
of my men was missing, having been separated from his companions
during the storm, and not since seen or heard of.
With the aid of a large fire, a sufficient number of blankets, and a
bottle of old Jamaica, we contrived to pass the night in tolerable
comfort, notwithstanding the cold, which was tremendous. Early
next morning, we proceeded to scour the prairie in search of our lost
companion. We searched until late in the evening—but all our efforts
were vain, and we returned once more to the camp. The unfortunate
man had doubtless fallen a victim to the fury of the storm,—for we
never heard of him more. His body probably lay wrapped in its
snowy shroud until spring, when at last it was revealed to the eager
eyes of ravenous birds and beasts. Death is in any shape appalling;
and his near approach will for a moment shake the stoutest heart. It
will even blanch the cheek of the hero, surrounded by the "pomp
and circumstance of glorious war." What then must be the situation
of him who is overtaken by the violence of the wintry storm, and
sinks, exhausted by cold and weariness, on the trackless prairie. For
the last time he hears the night wind, as it chants his funeral dirge,
—whilst the mournful howl of the starving wolf, or the scream of the
ill-omened raven, as he circles in the air, and watches the last vital
spark as it vanishes—disturbs the dying moments of the victim!

LETTERS FROM A SISTER.
LETTER FIFTEENTH.
Foundling Hospital—Hotel Carnavalet—Count de Ségur.
PARIS, ——.
This morning, dear Jane, we visited the Foundling Hospital. Being
told we should go there very early to behold the emptying of the
baskets in which the babes are deposited at the gate during the
night, we hastened there ere seven o'clock; but we had been
misinformed, and were disappointed in our wishes. The infants are
carried there at all hours; none however were received during our
visit. We were conducted through the numerous wards, and saw
many forsaken little creatures—a distressing sight, indeed! Then to
behold the sufferings of such as were diseased! Some of them lying
on hard beds, with a bright light from opposite windows torturing
their eyes, which were generally inflamed from being thus exposed.
Some of the nurses too, were exceedingly rough. For instance, in an
apartment attached to the sick wards, four or five women were
occupied in dosing and feeding several babes—one of them asked
another who stood by a table, to hand her a spoon; instead of
handing it, she threw it, and so carelessly, that the poor child
received a blow on the cheek. I could have boxed the vixen! Each
infant is swathed, and wears on its wrist a piece of pewter, telling
the hour, the day of the month, and the year of its reception at the
hospital; this enables a parent who may desire to reclaim a child, to
find it. About six thousand children are annually received here, and
frequently as many as twenty in the course of a day. A considerable

number are sent into the country to be nursed, and during our stay,
a half a dozen carts drove off, filled with peasant women and their
helpless charges. The destiny of these we thought enviable, when
compared with that of those who remained. At two years of age, the
children are removed to another hospital, and there instructed until
old enough to be put to some trade.
After breakfast, we visited a place of a more pleasing description;
this was the Hotel de Carnavalet, formerly the residence of Madame
de Sévigné. It is now inhabited by a Monsieur de P——, an eminent
engineer, with whom we have become acquainted, and who kindly
invited us there, to see the very chamber and cabinet occupied by
that lady, when she penned those charming letters to the Countess
de Grignan. The window of the cabinet overlooks a small garden, in
which is a flourishing yew tree, that was planted by Madame de
Sévigné herself. As I viewed it, and thought of her who reared it,
Lord Byron's beautiful lines on the cypress came forcibly to my mind.
"Dark tree! still sad when other's grief is fled,
The only constant mourner o'er the dead."
The charming old Count de Ségur has returned to town, and we
have paid him our respects at his residence in the Rue Duphot. He
was here yesterday, and invited us to dine with him en famille to-
day; we are going, and I shall close my letter with an account of the
party, when we come back. At present I must abandon the writing
desk for the toilet table.
Eleven at night. We reached home a half an hour since, and having
changed my dress for a robe de chambre, behold me quite at my
ease, and again in possession of the pen. We spent our hours
delightfully at the Count's! On alighting there, we were for some
minutes sole tenants of the parlor, and thus had an opportunity of
examining a beautiful portrait that decorates the wall of the room,
and which we afterwards learned, is that of the late Countess de
Ségur. It was painted during her youth, and if the resemblance be a

good one, she must have been a lovely creature! Our observations
were interrupted by the entrance of the Count from his library,
adjoining the parlor—and our circle was soon increased by the
addition of several French gentlemen, to whom he introduced us,
but I quite forget their names. One of them had recently been in
Greece, and described a horrible scene of carnage he witnessed
there. In the evening the Count had many visiters, this being the
time he prefers his friends to call on him. Among those who came in,
was the authoress of "Adèle de Senange," that interesting novel we
read together last winter. You may depend I heard the name of
Madame de S—— announced with great satisfaction. She entered,
and we beheld a plain looking woman, apparently about fifty years
old. Then there was Monsieur de Marbois, who wrote the history of
Louisiana, one of the United States; and Count Philip de Ségur,
author of the "Russian Campaign," who is considered the ablest
military historian of the age. I am now so sleepy I can write no
more, so bid you, in the name of all of us, a fond adieu.
LEONTINE.
LETTER SIXTEENTH.
Saint Denis—Montmorency—the Rendezvous—the Hermitage—Enghien—Mass at the
Tuileries' Chapel—the Bourbons.
PARIS, ——.
Dear Jane:—
Marcella Erisford has arrived, accompanied by her father, who
returns to Soissons to-morrow. He has been residing there eleven
months, in order to settle some business, relative to a legacy left

him by an intimate friend; in the spring he expects to re-embark for
Philadelphia, his native city. He resembles his sister, Mrs. Danville,
and appears equally amiable and desirous of contributing to the
happiness of those around him. We shall sincerely regret his
departure. Marcella is quite a beauty, with her glowing cheeks, hazel
eyes and pearly teeth, although her features are by no means
regular. She is less lively than Leonora, but just as intelligent and
accomplished; so you see I have two delightful companions to
console me (if it were possible) for your absence. Our brother Edgar
is, I think, desperately smitten with Marcella; certes, when she is by,
he has neither eyes or ears for any body or anything else.
Now for our peregrinations. The weather being remarkably fine on
Tuesday, and the carriages at the door by nine o'clock, according to
order, we proceeded to Montmorency and the Abbey of St. Denis.
Oh, how your pensive spirit will luxuriate in wandering through the
solemn aisles and caverns of this "hoary pile," among the sepulchres
of its mighty dead! You are aware that during the revolution, this
asylum of deceased royalty, was invaded by a barbarous populace,
who dragged the corpses from their graves, loaded them with
indignities, and cast them into ditches and other places of filth. It is
related that the corpse of the brave Louis XIV, when thus profaned,
raised its arm, as if to strike the miscreant who dared the deed,
while that of the good Henri Quatre (which was found uninjured by
time) smiled benignantly on his ungrateful subjects! The tombs have
since been restored by Napoleon, who intended for himself and his
descendants the vault which is appropriated to the Bourbons. It is
secured by two massive bronze gates, which he had made to close
upon his own ashes, that now repose under a simple stone on the
barren island of St. Helena! So changes the glory of this world and
its mighty ones! The Abbey of Saint Denis was originally a plain
chapel, erected by a pious and wealthy lady named Catulla, to
shelter the remains of that martyr (St. Denis) and his companions,
after their execution. The generosity and care of various monarchs,
have transformed the humble chapel into the present majestic
cathedral. The relics of St. Denis are enclosed in a splendid shrine,

the gift of Louis XVIII; and the sumptuous altar in front of this, with
its enormous gold candlesticks, was given to the church by
Bonaparte, after his marriage with the Empress Marie Louise, on
which occasion it was first erected in the Louvre, where the
ceremony was performed. In the side aisles of St. Denis, are several
superb monuments, in memory of Francis I, Henry II, and Henry III,
and their queens. The antique sepulchres of Dagobert, and his
spouse Nantilde, are near the door, and that of Dagobert most
curiously carved. In one of the vaults we saw the stone coffin of
King Pepin; it is open and empty, and when struck upon the side,
sounds like metal. Near the mausoleum of Francis I, stands the
mimic bier of Louis XVIII, canopied and richly decorated with
funereal ornaments. It will remain until succeeded by that of Charles
X, for such is the custom of France. What gave rise to it I know not;
but we may reasonably suppose that it was intended, like the
monitor of Philip of Macedon, to remind the reigning monarch of his
mortality.
At Montmorency we had fine sport riding about on donkeys to the
different points of view that merit notice for their beauty. The little
animal upon which Mr. Erisford rode, was at first extremely
refractory, and the trouble he had to force it along excited our mirth;
then my saddle girth broke, and this was another source of
merriment. After riding over the valley, we alighted at the hunting
seat of the unhappy father of the murdered Duke d'Enghien, the
present prince of Condé, who is said to be yet overwhelmed with
affliction at the untimely and cruel end of his noble son. The place is
called the "Rendezvous;" it is shady and pleasant—the house a plain
stone building: we did not enter it, but partook of some cool milk
beneath the trees, in front of the door. We purchased it of the game
keeper and his wife, who reside there. Retracing our path, (and the
little donkeys, I assure you, trotted back much faster than they
went,) we stopped at the Hermitage. This is the most interesting
object to be seen at Montmorency, and indeed the chief attraction to
that spot—although circumstances induced us to defer our visit to it
till the last. It is a quarter of a mile from the village, and was the

residence of Jean Jacques Rousseau, and afterwards of Andrew
Gretry, the musical composer, whose family still occupy it. They are
so obliging as to allow strangers to visit this rural retreat of those
celebrated men, and have arranged in a small apartment, various
articles that were owned and used by them, and that are
consequently interesting to the spectator; for instance, the bedstead
and table of Rousseau; the cup and saucer of Gretry; his comb and
spectacles, and the antique little spinet upon which he tried his
compositions. A flower garden adjoins the mansion, and there we
saw a rose bush that was planted by Jean Jacques, and the stone
bench upon which he used to sit while writing his "Héloise." From
the bay tree that shades it, I procured a leaf for your herbarium. A
rivulet meanders through the garden, and empties into a small lake,
near which is the bust of Gretry, supported by a column, with an
inscription in gilt letters. Rousseau's bust occupies a niche in the
wall, and is covered with a glass to protect it from the pencils of
scribblers, which have disfigured it considerably. Bidding adieu to the
Hermitage, we returned to the "White Horse," an excellent inn we
had selected in the town, and having recruited ourselves with a
hearty dinner, resumed our seats upon the donkeys, and repaired to
the village of d'Enghien, (a mile distant,) to see its neat and
commodious sulphur baths, and the pretty lake of St. Gratien, on the
border of which it stands. In the centre of the water is a restaurant,
to which, if you choose, you are conveyed in a boat; but it was so
late, that our parents would not consent to make this aquatic
excursion, and we therefore returned to Montmorency, and thence
to Paris. A bright moon lighted us home, where we arrived about
eleven o'clock, pleased with our day's adventures, and so sleepy we
could scarcely reach our chambers without falling into a slumber on
the way. On Sunday Mr. Dorval brought us six tickets of admission to
the Chapel of the Tuileries, where high mass is performed every
Sabbath while the king is in the city. Not a moment was to be lost,
so we hastened to array ourselves for the occasion, as full dress is
required if you sit in the gallery with the royal family, and our billets
were such as to admit us there. Marcella, Leonora and myself had
just purchased new bonnets, and these we wore. Their's are of

straw colored crape, ornamented with blond and bunches of lilacs,
and are very becoming; mine is of pink, and decorated with blond
and white hyacynths. Our party, consisting of Mamma, Papa, Edgar,
and our three ladyships, was soon ready and at the palace. The
chapel was crowded, but we found no difficulty in obtaining seats—
for on presenting our tickets, the captain of the guards handed us to
them, and the throng yielded to him without hesitation. The music
was very fine, and we had a close view of the Bourbons and their
suite. They were sumptuously clad, and the King and Duke and
Duchess of Angoulême seemed very devout. The Duchess has a
most melancholy expression of countenance, owing perhaps to the
sad vicissitudes of her youth. Neither she, her spouse or uncle are
popular. The Duchess de Berri is exceedingly so, and is considered
one of the most charitable ladies in the kingdom. She is extremely
fair, has light hair and a pleasing face. She is not sufficiently
dignified, I think, and is a terrible fidget; during service she was
continually adjusting her tucker, necklace, or sleeve. It is reported,
that when the omnibuses, or circulating carriages of the boulevards
were first introduced, she made a bet with the king that she would
ride in one of them, and actually did so, in disguise! I am summoned
to the parlor to receive visiters—so kiss my hand to you.
LEONTINE.
P. S. Our guests proved to be General and Mr. George Washington
Lafayette. They came to take leave of us ere their departure for La
Grange. The Chamber of Deputies having dissolved, they go to the
country to-morrow, where the rest of the family have already
established themselves. We have been so pressingly invited to pay
them a visit, that we have determined to do so, and anticipate great
pleasure and gratification from spending a day or two in the midst of
this charming and highly respected family. Again adieu.
L.

MY DAUGHTER'S LULLABY.
Tune—"The Sunset Tree."
Come! Come! Come!
Come to thy Mother's breast!
The day begins to close:
And the bright, but fading west
Invites thee to repose.
The frolic and the fun
Of thy childish sports are o'er:
But, with to-morrow's sun,
To be renewed once more.
Come! Come! Come!
And the bright, but fading west
Sweet! Sweet! Sweet!
Sweet on thy Mother's knee!
To con thine evening prayer,
To him who watches thee
With a Father's tender care.
For parents and for friends
Then breathe thy simple vow;
And when life's evening ends,
Be innocent as now.

Come! Come! Come!
And the darkening of the west
Sleep! Sleep! Sleep!
Sleep till the morning beams!
My song is in thine ear,
To mingle with thy dreams,
And to tell thee I am near.
Bright be thy dreams, my child!
Bright as thy waking eyes,
As the morning beaming mild,
Or the hope that never dies.
Sleep! Sleep! Sleep!
Sleep on thy Mother's breast!
Thine eyes begin to close;
And she that loves thee best
Has lulled thee to repose.
Troy, June, 1835.
MR. WHITE,—The very polite invitation received in yours of February
11th, (the more valuable because it in part originates with Mr. R.) to
contribute to your well conducted, entertaining and instructive
periodical, would have been sooner answered, but that I was
desirous to write something specially intended for the Messenger.

But owing to my having a work (Universal History in Perspective)
now in the press, the manuscript of which is not yet quite finished, I
am obliged to devote every leisure moment in that direction.
Unwilling, however, not to respond to the Virginian politeness which
dictated your letter, I have sent you, from my port-folio, some little
poems which have not been published.
The Messenger, as I have learned from some of our gentlemen who
frequent the reading room, is highly spoken of here. Accept my
grateful acknowledgment of your favor, in sending it to me.
Respectfully, yours,
EMMA WILLARD.
OCEAN HYMN.
Written on board the Sully, on a return voyage from France, July, 1831.
Rock'd in the cradle of the deep,
Father, protect me while I sleep;
Secure I rest upon the wave,
For thou my God hast power to save.
I know thou wilt not slight my call,
For thou dost mark the sparrow's fall,
And calm and peaceful is my sleep,
Rock'd in the cradle of the deep.
And such the trust that still were mine,
Tho' stormy winds swept o'er the brine;
Or tho' the tempest's fiery breath
Rous'd me from sleep to wreck and death,
In ocean-cave, still safe with thee,
The germ of immortality,

And sweet and peaceful is my sleep,
Rock'd in the cradle of the deep.
The following was written soon after the intelligence of Lafayette's
death reached this country. At the public examination of the young
ladies under my charge, they appeared in mourning, on the last day,
August 5th, on account of the death of our country's father, and also
on that of the death of two of their former school companions. At
the close of the school exercises, the little poem in blank verse, was
read by one of their number, and the dirge, with a plaintive
accompaniment on the harp and piano, was sung. It may be thought
strange that I should venture to produce this, when the
performances of such eminent men as Messrs. Everett and Adams
are before the public.1 But the incidents of the life of Lafayette are
so well known, that it appears to me only necessary to give to
memory the key-note and excite her to use her own powers; and to
this end a poetic diction gives to the writer some advantages, as it
admits of greater condensation of narrative, of thought, and feeling.
1 This was prepared for the Messenger before the number was received containing
the critique on those publications.
LAFAYETTE.
On Seine's fair banks, amidst Parisian towers,
Gather a multitude! Slowly they come,
And mournfully. The very children weep;
And the stern soldier hath his sun-burnt face
Wet with unwonted tears. And see! From forth
The portals of a venerable church,
The mourners following, and the pall upborne

By white-haired ancients of the sorrowing land,
A coffin issues. Needless task, to tell
Whose pallid lineaments—whose clay-cold form
They bear to his long rest. France hath but ONE
So loved, so honored; nay, the world itself
Hath not another.
Who shall fill his place?
Who now, when suffering justice pleads, will hear?
And when humanity with fettered hands
Uplifted cries, who now will nerve the arm?
Who break the silken bands of pleasure, spurn
Ancestral pride, the pomp of courts, and sweet
Domestic love, and bare his bosom in
The generous strife?
Let us recall his acts
And teach them to our sons. Perchance the spark
Extinct, rekindling in some youthful heart,
The hero's spirit, will return to bless.
Who treads Columbia's soil, but knows his blood
Hath mingled with it, freely shed for us.
For injur'd France, impoverish'd and oppress'd,
In freedom's sacred cause, he next stood forth,
And despotism closed her long career.
But wild misrule uprose; and murder's arm
Was bared to strike. Lafayette interposed;—
Chief of a distant armed host, he wrote
And bade the legislative band beware!
Then Jacobinic tigers growled, muttering
A Cæsar! Slay him! At an army's head
He dictates to the Senate! Hush! he comes—
Alone, unarmed, save with the sword of truth,
And beards the monsters in their very den.
They quail, and freedom's sons arouse.
Then thou, poor sufferer, Louis had not died,
Nor hapless Antoinette, thy beauteous neck
Had never fed the greedy guillotine,

Nor yet had Olmutz' dreary dungeon held
That noble man, had ye but trusted him.
O'er the broad page of history, there comes
A meteor glare. Napoleon rises!
Other lights grow dim, or fade away;
But plagues are scattered from the burning trail—
Lafayette's star, tho' hid, moves on unquenched;
O'er fair La Grange it shines with beauteous ray,
And fosters in its beams domestic joy.
The comet sinks beneath Helena's rocks;
The star remains, undimmed, a guide to France.
But hath Columbia no gratitude?
She woos her brave deliverer to her arms!
Again he rides the wave; not now, as once,
The banner'd eagle droops the pensive wing,
But proudly fluttering, o'er his favorite's head
Bears high the starry crest.
He comes! resounds
Along Manhattan's strand and o'er her waves;
The city is unpeopled, thronged the shore,
Gay pennons wave, and cannon roar; men shout,
Children leap up, and aged veterans weep.
Even here he came; within these walls we saw
His face benign, and heard his kindly voice;
And here we blessed him in our artless song,
And raised our tearful eyes, and called him "father;"
And with a father's love he looked on us
And wept. And now HE sleeps in death, 'tis meet
That we should mourn. Would we could seek his grave,
With those the sorrowing ones, he loved the best,
There too would we, the mourning flowers of France,
And drooping willows plant, and kneel and weep.
Take comfort ye his offspring! God's own word
Is pledged to you; seed of a righteous man!
Lift up your downcast hearts, and joy for this,
That he hath died unchanged, as long he lived.

And tho' the perils of his age, outwent
The dangers of his youth, yet he hath stood,
And calm and fearless, tower'd above the storms
That scared the timid and o'erwhelmed the vile.
His fame shall be a light to future times;
But it shall fall in glance portentous,
On tyrants and their leagues; on the oppressed,
In gentle rays of pity and of hope,—
On dark hypocrisy, that hymns the name
Of liberty, to cheat for power, it falls,
Revealing guilt and shame. Meanwhile it shows
The good even as they are, not to be bought
No sold, nor daunted. Such a man was he,
Your father and your friend; nor yours alone;
Whoever bears man's image, he hath lost
A countryman, a father, and a friend!
Thus human nature mourns, and sympathy,
Wide as his generous heart, shall sooth your grief.
DIRGE,
Commemorative of the deaths Gen. Lafayette—of Miss Mary A. Coley, and Miss Helen Stuart
Bowers.2
Sweep—slowly sweep the chords to notes of woe,
Breathe dirge-like sounds, funereal and low;
For sorrow flows—a strange and mingled tide,
The Beautiful are gone—the Brave hath died!
So good, so dauntless, generous, and kind,
Our Country's Father leaves no peer behind;
But ah our Sisters! must the bright and gay,
Leave the fair earth, and moulder in the clay!

Thus saith the Word, "Be not of little faith;"
Prepare for life,—prepare for early death;
So shall ye calmly part, or peaceful stay,
Be honor'd here, or sweetly pass away.
Sweep—slowly sweep the chords to notes of woe,
Breathe dirge-like sounds, funereal and low,
For sorrow still, will flow in mingled tide,
The BEAUTIFUL are gone—the BRAVE hath died!
2 Miss Bowers (who was a young lady of exquisite personal beauty) had a remarkably
peaceful and happy death.
THE OLD PARISH CHURCH.
MR. WHITE,—The attention of the traveller through Lower Virginia, is
often powerfully arrested by the fine old churches in a state of
dilapidation and decay, and he reverts with a melancholy feeling to
the days when they were built, and the people who worshipped
within them. During our last war with Great Britain, these churches
served as quarters for our soldiery, and sometimes as stables for the
horses of our cavalry.
NUGATOR.
Yon ruined church! how it dimly stands
With its windows sunk and broken—

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