The document discusses four main causes of extinction: pollution, deforestation, invasive species, and the greenhouse effect. It notes that pollution contaminates the air, soil, and water with toxic chemicals. Deforestation cuts down too many trees, reducing carbon absorption and oxygen production by plants. Invasive species can completely change ecosystems when introduced to new areas, sometimes killing native species. The greenhouse effect is caused by gases in the atmosphere that trap heat like the glass of a greenhouse, warming the planet. The author's home country suffers greatly from deforestation and species extinction. Examples given are the jaguar, threatened by habitat loss and hunting, and the anteater, endangered due to habitat loss and conflicts with humans.