Protists biol 11
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This document summarizes key aspects of protists, including their taxonomy, characteristics, Lynn Margulis' endosymbiont hypothesis of their evolution from prokaryotes, and descriptions of major protist phyla including animal-like protists (Ciliophora, Ameba) and plant-like protists (Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta, slime molds). It notes the challenges of classifying unicellular eukaryotes before the kingdom Protista was established.
Protists biol 11
- 1. PROTISTS THE 1 ST KINGDOM OF EUKARYOTES
- 2. TAXONOMY
- 3. CHARACTERISTICS UNICELLULAR , EUKARYOTIC organisms Contain nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles Diverse group (> 115,000 SPECIES) The oldest fossils of protists are about 1.5billion years old
- 4. LYNN MARGULIS’ ENDOSYMBIONT HYPOTHESIS PROTISTS ARE DESCENDED FROM PROKARYOTES THROUGH EVOLUTION
- 5. Between 1.4 and 1.6 billion years ago, the first eukaryotic cells evolved, fully adapted to an aerobic world.
- 6. The Evidences A Double membrane suggests a prokaryote encased within another. Mitochondria resemble certain aerobic bacteria . Chloroplasts resemble certain photosynthetic bacteria ( blue-green bacteria ). The prokaryotes encased inside took up residence within other prokaryotic cells. Over time, a long-lasting symbiosis developed. evolve to become organelles getting nutrients and protection from the primitive eukaryote, but losing their independence. Flagella and cilia are similar to spirochete bacteria .
- 7. PROTISTS
- 8. FOUR PHYLA OF ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS
- 9. CILIA-BEARING PROTISTS PHYLUM CILIOPHORA CILIATES CILIA – SHORT HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS THAT PRODUCE MOVEMENT.
- 10. CILIOPHORA vs. ZOOMASTIGINA PARAMECIUM GIARDIA
- 11. Sexual Reproduction of Paramecia? During starvation and temperature stress, paramecia will engage in a sexual process called conjugation. Conjugation is not truly reproduction as no new cells are produced, but, by exchanging micronuclei . The two paramecia involved will benefit from better genetic diversity which is good from an evolutionary perspective.
- 12. AMEBA Animallike Protist A major family of Sarcodina Movement by PSEUDOPOD (False foot) Feed by surrounding its prey with cytoplasm and then taking it inside the cell to form a food vacuole
- 13. THREE PHYLA OF PLANTLIKE PROTISTS
- 14. EUGENAPHYTA vs. ZOOMASTIGINA EUGLENA : Plantlike Protist with Flagellates and Chloroplasts GIARDIA: Animallike Protist with Flagellates.
- 15. PYRROPHYTA: Fire Protists that cause Red Tide
- 16. SLIME MOLDS Acrasiomycota e.g. Cellular slime molds Myxomycota e.g. Acellular slime molds Ameba-like at first, usually singular, but then become colonial when required. Defined as protists for now because they are single-celled and eukaryotic, but have at times been classified as amebas (Sarcodina) and as fungi (Kingdom Fungi)
- 17. CROSSING THE BORDER If you were a scientist in the old days before the establishment of the kingdom Protista, how would you classify these different unicellular eukaryotic organisms?
Editor's Notes
- #2: http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec02/paramecium.jpg
- #4: Levine TB 18.1 http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/images/diat/diat003.gif
- #7: Levine 18.1 TB
- #8: http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/kingdom_protista.htm , 01.05.2010
- #9: Levine TB 18.2
- #10: http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgfeb02/drpl4.jpg , 01.06.09
- #11: http://upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Paramecium.jpg http://sciences.aum.edu/BI/BI2033/thomson/images/GiardiaTroph.jpg
- #12: 18.2
- #13: http://www.flickr.com/photos/microcosmo/3155954582/
- #14: 18.3
- #15: http://arnica.csustan.edu/Biol1010/classification/euglena.JPG http://www.wateraid.org/images/cm_images/uk/about_us/oasis/2007/Giardia.jpg
- #16: http://www.flickr.com/photos/allen_iluminada_8/2622244717/ (RED TIDE) http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/Bot201/Bot201/Algae/Bot%20201%20Dinoflagellates%20page.GIF (Gonyaulax polyhedron )
- #17: http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/Protists/acrasiomycota.jpg