Purposive Communication: Basic Concepts in Communication
- 1. BASIC CONCEPTS IN COMMUNICATION: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Chapter 1 Ms. Elsie Joy D. Licarte, LPT
- 2. Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: ❖Explain the background and rationale of the course. ❖Describe the meaning, nature and importance of communication. ❖Demonstrate the elements and processes of communication. ❖Describe the principle and ethics of communication.
- 4. ❖ COMMUNICATION ◦Is a process of transmitting or conveying information to others. ◦Is a system (as telephones, computers, other digital gadgets) for transmitting or exchanging information. ◦Is the act or process of using work, sources, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information, ideas, thoughts and feelings.
- 5. “COMMUNICATION IS AN INTERCOURSE BY WORDS, LETTERS, SYMBOLS OR MESSAGES, AND IS A WAY THAT ONE ORGANIZATION MEMBER SHARES MEANING AND UNDERSTANDING WITH ANOTHER” ---KOONTZ AND O’DONNEL
- 6. “COMMUNICATION IS A SUM OF ALL THE THINGS A PERSON DOES WHEN HE WANTS TO CREATE UNDERSTANDING IN THE MINDS OF ANOTHER. IT INVOLVES A SYSTEMATIC AND CONTINUOUS PROCESS TELLING AD UNDERSTANDING” ---ALLEN LOUIS A.
- 7. Purposive Communication is about writing, speaking, and presenting to different audiences for various purposes.
- 8. The five (5) skills of communication: 1. Listening 2. Speaking 3. Reading 4. Writing 5. Viewing
- 9. ◦The knowledge, skills, values, and insights that students gain from this course may be used in their other academic endeavors, their chosen degree programs as well as in their future careers as they compose and produce relevant oral, written, audio-visual and/or web-based output for various purposes.
- 10. ❖ Communication helps the management attain the following: ✔ Helps in achieving co-coordination ✔ Helps in smooth working ✔ Increased managerial efficiency ✔ Helps in decision-making ✔ Helps in maintaining industrial peace
- 11. ✔ Helps in recruitment process ✔ Helps employees to perform effectively ✔ Helps to acquaint subordinates with their evaluation ✔ Helps in teaching employees about personal safety ✔ Helps in projecting the image of the company ✔ Helps manager in performing his functions
- 13. 1. Verbal Communication ◦Includes oral (spoken) and written communication ◦Oral Communication consists of all spoken exchanges. ◦Written Communications are printed messages. (Examples: memos, proposals, e-mails, letters, training manuals)
- 14. 1.1 Types of Verbal Communication 1. Emotive Communication – choice of words to elicit emotion in others 2. Evasive Communication – used to avoid situation 3. Jargon Communication – used by personnel in a particular field 4. Argot Communication – used by various groups (Example: schoolmates, prisoners) 5. Abstract Communication – used to discuss ideas 6. Overly abstract communication – leaves too much room for interpretation and hide details from others.
- 15. 2. Non-Verbal Communication The act or process of exchanging information with the use of signs or behaviors to express ideas, thoughts, and feelings It refers to the use of verbal cue such as body language, eye contact, facial expression, posture, touch, tone, appearance and gesture to convey meanings.
- 16. 2.2 Five Non-Verbal Behaviors/ Elements of Non-Verbal Communication 1. Vocalics/Paralanguage – refers to the use of volume, tone, pitch and rate of speaking to give additional meaning or emphasis to what is spoken 2. Proxemics – refers to the use of space to convey an idea or image. The use of space or proximity is a significant indicator of how close or intimate we feel toward people 3. Chronemics – is an attitude of time which disclose information with others about status and relationship with others 4. Artifacts – refer to the things a person owns, use, wear, and even discard convey message about such person 5. Movement – is your posture, gesture, facial expression, body language and everything you do (the most obvious in communicating message)
- 17. FUNCTIONS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION 1. Substituting functions – a word is replaced or substituted by an action or movements to build sentences and communicate sophisticated concepts. (Ex: traffic officers, traffic signs) 2. Reinforcing functions – use of non-verbal communication to complement or add to the verbal sounds. (Ex. Pointing and nodding of head while speaking) 3. Regulating functions – to show interest or regulate the flow of the interaction (Ex. Raising of hand to show that you want to say something, Traffic enforcers’ signals) 4. Contradicting functions – is no change to contradict a verbal message or you can display an opposite non-verbal gesture to represent “okay”
- 19. ▪ SENDER wherein the communication process begins, who is also called the communicator or source. The sender has some kind of information – a command, request, or idea that she wants to share with others. In order for that message to be received, the sender must first encode the message in a form that can be understood and then transmit it.
- 20. ▪ RECEIVER (interpreter) the person whom a message is directed In order to comprehend the information from the sender, the receiver must first be able to receive the sender’s information and then decode or interpret it.
- 21. ▪ MESSAGE Is the information that the sender wants to relay to the receiver. It is relayed between the parties. SENDER + RECEIVER + MESSAGE = COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- 22. ▪ FEEDBACK The communication process reaches its final point when the message has been successfully transmitted, received, and understood. The receiver, in turn, responds to the sender, indicating comprehension. Feedback may be direct, such as written or verbal response, or it may be take the form of an act or deed in response.
- 23. Other Factors NOISE – this can be any sort of interference that affects the message being sent, received, or understood. It can be as literal as static over a phone line or esoteric as misinterpreting a local custom. CONTEXT – this is the setting and situation in which communication takes place. Like noise, context can have an impact on the successful exchange of information. It may have a physical, social, or cultural aspect to it.
- 24. THE 7 C’S IN AN EFFECTIVE BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
- 25. 1. COMPLETENESS ◦Answer all questions asked ◦Give something extra, when desirable ◦Check for the five W’s and any other essentials : Who, What, Where, When and How
- 26. 2. CONCISENESS ◦Eliminate wordy expressions ◦Include only relevant statements ◦Avoid unnecessary repetition ◦Check the flow of your information
- 27. 3. CONSIDERATION ◦Focus on “you” instead of “I” and “We” ◦Show reader benefit or interest in reader perspective ◦Emphasize positive pleasant facts ◦Apply integrity and ethic
- 28. 4. CONCRETENESS ◦Use specific facts and figures ◦Put action in your words ◦Choose vivid, image-building words
- 29. 5. CLARITY ◦Choose short, familiar, conversational words ◦Construct effective sentences and paragraphs ◦Achieve appropriate readability (and listen-ability) ◦Include examples, illustration, and other visual aids, when
- 30. 6. Correctness ◦Use the right level of language (When to be formal, tone, etc.) ◦Include only accurate facts, words, and figures ◦Maintain acceptable writing mechanics ◦Choose nondiscriminatory expressions ◦Apply all other pertinent C qualities
- 31. 7. COURTESY ◦Be sincerely tactful, thoughtful, and appreciative ◦Omit expressions that irritate, hurt, or belittle ◦Grant and apologize good-naturedly
- 32. TEN (10) Basics of Ethical Communication 1. Seek to “elicit the best” in communications and interactions with other group members 2. Listen when others speak. 3. Speak non-judgmentally. 4. Speak from your own experience and perspective, expressing your own thoughts, needs, and feelings. 5. Seek to understand others (rather than to be “right” or “more ethical than thou”).
- 33. 6. Avoid speaking for others, for example by characterizing what others have said without checking your understanding, or by universalizing your opinions, beliefs, values, and conclusions, assuming everyone shares them. 7. Manage your own personal boundaries: share only what you are comfortable sharing. 8. Respect the personal boundaries of others. 9. Avoid interrupting and side conversations. 10. Make sure that everyone has time to speak, that all members have relatively equal “air time” if they want it.