RDP Chapter 8
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The agriculture, fisheries, and forestry (AFF) sector plays a crucial role in providing employment and raw materials in the region, but faces challenges such as declining productivity and negative impacts from climate change. Although there are efforts to revitalize the sector and promote inclusive development, production levels for various crops and fishery have fluctuated, with a notable decline in certain areas. Additionally, issues related to land distribution and rights continue to hinder progress in enhancing agricultural output and competitiveness.
RDP Chapter 8
- 2. 50 | Regional Development Plan 2017-2022
- 3. Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery | 51
- 4. 52 | Regional Development Plan 2017-2022
- 5. Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery | 53 Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery The agriculture, fisheries, and forestry (AFF) sector is critical in generating em- ployment for more than half of the region’s labor force, which in turn can reduce poverty and inequality for the poor who are in the rural areas. AFF is also key to providing raw materials to the manufacturing and service sectors, resulting in forward linkages in terms of higher-paying and more stable job opportunities. Intensifying efforts to revitalize the AFF and harnessing its growth potentials are needed to promote more inclusive development. Given the sector’s links to agri- business, interventions and investments will be channeled to expand existing opportunities and develop new ones, thus inducing greater participation of small farmers and fisher folks. Assessment Production in this sector covers crops, livestock, poultry and fishery. In terms of the gross value added (GVA) contribution to the GRDP, the total output share of the agriculture sector has declined from 32.2 percent in 2010 to 26.5 percent in 2015. Growth is fluctuating posting a 2.2 percent decrease in 2015 due to extreme dry season. The negative growth in fishery production is due to the scarcity in tuna stock and the fishing ban. Source of data: PSA XII Figure 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Gross Value Added Growth Rate (%)
- 6. 54 | Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Table 10: Rice Production, Region XII, 2011-2015 (MT) Source of data: BAS XII Table 11: Area Harvested, Region XII, 2011-2015 (Ha) Source of data: BAS XII Corn Production and Productivity Production of yellow corn posted positive growth at an average of 2.48 percent, from 916,746 MT in 2011 to 1,005,386 MT in 2015. However, a 6.29 percent decrease in yellow corn production was experienced between 2014 and 2015 due to the adverse effects of the El Niño phenomenon. White corn also experienced negative production growth throughout the period, posting an average decline of 1.66 percent from 2011 to 2015 along with a decrease in areas harvested for white corn at an average of 2.84 percent from 2011-2015. The decrease in production and area utilized is attributed to market preferences because white corn is usually produced for human consumption. Changes in the preference of consumers contributed to lower white corn production. Crops Rice Self-sufficiency Ratio The region remains as the top contributor of rice production in Mindanao accounting for 32 percent of the island’s total rice production and ranks 5th in terms of national production contribution. The rice- sufficiency level in the region decreased by 6.25 percent from 128 percent in 2014 to 120 percent in 2015. Palay Production and Productivity The region’s rice productivity remains sufficient to sustain positive food security, however, a decline in the region’s production since 2013 was experienced due to constraints such as the decrease in areas harvested, both for irrigated and rainfed areas. Since 2013, harvested areas experienced a slight average annual decrease of 0.3 percent. Other production constraints included the lack of post-harvest facilities, lack of irrigation facilities, non- conformance of some farmers to the region’s cropping calendar, and shocks such as the El Niño phenomenon and pest infestations. Area Area Harvested Growth Rate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 Irrigated 263,305 263,387 270,123 266,223 263,726 0.03 2.56 -1.44 -0.94 Rainfed 80,315 82,598 80,223 80,683 76,212 2.84 -2.88 0.57 -5.54 TOTAL 343,620 345,985 350,346 346,906 339,938 0.69 1.26 -0.98 -2.01 Area Production Growth Rate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 White 253,808 241,059 269,571 265,174 233,889 -5.02 11.83 -1.63 -11.80 Yellow 916,746 960,272 1,036,036 1,072,891 1,005,386 4.75 7.89 3.56 -6.29 TOTAL 1,170,554 1,201,331 1,305,607 1,338,065 1,239,275 2.63 8.68 2.49 -7.38
- 7. Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery | 55 Table 12: Corn Production, Region XII, 2011-2015 Source of data: BAS XII Area Production Growth Rate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 White 253,808 241,059 269,571 265,174 233,889 -5.02 11.83 -1.63 -11.80 Yellow 916,746 960,272 1,036,036 1,072,891 1,005,386 4.75 7.89 3.56 -6.29 TOTAL 1,170,554 1,201,331 1,305,607 1,338,065 1,239,275 2.63 8.68 2.49 -7.38 Table 13: Area Harvested, Region XII, 2011-2015 (In Hectares) Source of data: BAS XII Area Area Harvested Growth Rate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 White 136,648 130,601 133,318 130,093 121,494 -4.43 2.08 -2.42 -6.61 Yellow 290,402 298,718 296,689 298,463 294,906 2.86 -0.68 0.60 -1.19 TOTAL 427,050 429,319 430,007 428,556 416,400 0.53 0.16 -0.34 -2.84 High Value Commercial Crops Production and Productivity For high value commercial crops (HVCCs), rubber posted a significant decline of about 27.42 percent between 2014 and 2015, and the highest annual average decline among the HVCCs, at about 4.55 percent This was followed by rambutan at 7.28 percent, asparagus at 6.71 percent, coffee at 3.72 percent, and banana at 3.68 percent for the period 2011-2015. Other crops that experienced an alarming decline in their annual average growth are asparagus at 4.41 percent and sugarcane at 3.78 percent. Crops that posted high annual average growth rates are lanzones at about 39.11 percent and rambutan at about 13.34 percent. Although lanzones posted the highest average increase in growth, its production between 2014 and 2015 only posted t 5.55 percent compared to a 57.25 percent growth between 2013 and 2014. Table 14: Productivity of High Value Commercial Crops, 2011-2015 Source of data: DA XII Commodity 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 Coffee 1.62 3.67 -3.08 -3.72 Banana 5.52 2.61 1.51 -3.68 Mango 2.05 3.08 8.47 -1.87 Rubber 6.76 1.89 0.59 -27.42 Oil Palm 8.51 9.58 8.82 5.30 Coconut 11.97 5.63 2.99 8.22 Pineapple 0.66 0.75 -0.23 -1.23 Asparagus 19.38 -21.78 -8.51 -6.71 Sugarcane 9.82 -18.52 -13.89 7.49 Durian 5.67 21.41 5.60 1.87 Lanzones 64.21 29.44 57.25 5.55 Rambutan 50.97 6.47 3.23 -7.28 Papaya 3.07 -0.36 2.05 -1.50
- 8. 56 | Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Livestock and Poultry Productivity Livestock and poultry production in the region generally declined with only cattle production posting positive growth. The decrease in poultry production was attributed to a highly contagious disease among avian species and domestic poultry called the Newcastle Disease (NCD), an acute respiratory disease triggered by changing weather conditions. Table 15: Actual Livestock and Poultry Production (In MT), Region XII, 2011-2015 Source of data: BAS XII Area AREA HARVESTED GROWTH RATE 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011- 2012 2012- 2013 2013- 2014 2014- 2015 Hog 117,849 118,056 118,252 119,811 118,371 0.2 0.2 1.3 -1.2 Chicken 39,398 43,003 48,239 47,970 47,142 9.2 12.2 -0.6 -1.7 Cattle 19,274 18,578 18,603 17,961 19,237 -3.6 0.1 -3.5 7.1 Carabao 12,638 12,308 12,512 12,330 10,872 -2.6 1.7 -1.5 -11.8 Goat 6,437 6,327 6,203 6,275 6,036 -1.7 -2.0 1.2 -3.8 Duck 3,789 3,756 3,796 3,522 3,466 -0.9 1.1 -7.2 -1.6 TOTAL 199,385 202,028 207,605 207,869 205,124 1.3 2.8 0.1 -1.3 Fishery The region’s fishery production levels experienced fluctuations during the period where significant declines were observed for Inland, Marine and Aquaculture fisheries. However, Commercial fishing which constitutes the majority of the fishery production in the region, posted decelerated growth. The deceleration was due to lesser fish volume caused by reduced unloading of fishing vessels and limited fishing activities due to the fishing ban in the high seas. Inland, Marine and Aquaculture fisheries in the region decreased in production capacity due to less fishing trips affected by high cost of fuels, seasonal typhoons and heavy rains during the rainy season. During the dry season, the reduced waters in the marsh and other inland water bodies decreased the appearances of seasonal species affecting the volume of production. Table 16: Actual Fish Production, Region XII, 2011-2015 Source of data: BFAR XII Fishery Actual (MT) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Commercial Fisheries 174,840 209,899 218,390 255,443 270,768 Inland Municipal Fisheries 26,200 26,185 24,824 25,233 22,531 Marine Municipal Fisheries 21,468 21,014 21,312 21,767 17,755 Aquaculture 21,468 21,014 21,312 21,767 17,755
- 9. Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery | 57 Source of data: PSA XII Figure 5: Growth of Actual Fish Production, 2011-2015, In Percent Land Distribution and Land Rights The 2011-2016 implementation of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and its extension, Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms(CARPER)intheregionpositioned the farmers at the center of development. However, the program encountered constraints such as strong resistance from landowners as lands to be covered are small in size and predominantly privately owned, as well as the slow land valuation and payment of land compensation and continued verification procedures of the landholdings. Table 17: Actual Livestock and Poultry Production (In MT), Region XII, 2011-2015 Source of data: DAR XII INDICATORS Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Land Tenure Services 1. Land Distribution Land distributed under CARP (Ha) 32,721 41,489 40,702 43,236 8,404 2,971 2. Land Survey Approved Land surveyed and approved (ha) 31,220 33,056 36,823 28,570 12,608 2,479 Collective lands surveyed and approved (Ha) 10,567 3,401 10,568 4,752 3,108 899 3. EP/CLOA Registration Area placed under LAD coverage (Ha) 32,721 41,489 39,145 45,931 6,954 5,876 4. Leasehold Operation Area covered by registered leasehold contracts (Ha) 3,590 3,564 2,687 1,279 2,009 1,331 Agrarian Legal Services 1. Adjudication of Cases Cases resolved (No.) 101 251 288 194 236 164 2. Agrarian Related Cases Cases resolved (No.) 1,103 1,959 1,657 2,186 2,006 1,453 Agrarian Reform Communities 1. ARCs established/developed (No.) 3 13 13 14 16 14 2. ARB organizations assisted (No.) 316 386 595 492 449 512 3. No. of ARBs provided with microfinance 282 5,791 2,826 2,543 2,820 2,573
- 10. 58 | Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Challenges The Region continues to be confronted with low levels of production and productivity in the agriculture, fishery, and forestry sector. This poor performance of the sector is mainly attributed to the following: • Low productivity and returns to agricultural employment due to the limited financial capacity access to government credit facilities; inadequate support facilities such as irrigation, farm-to-market roads and unutilized pre- and post-harvest facilities; weak implementation and promotion of integrated diversified farming system for expansion of production areas for priority industry clusters; low level adoption of technology and good agricultural practices (GAP); and the stringent requirement to access equipment for farm mechanization. • Producers lack the capability to develop their raw materials through conversion to profitable products by value adding as well as low diversification and linkages. They also failed to take advantage of the growing export market due to lack of market linkages that would allow the selling of produce at higher prices without the intervention of middlemen. • Declining fish stock and fishing ground restrictions in Indonesian waters contributed to a decrease in tuna catch. • Pooradaptivecapacityofagricultureand fishery sectors to climate variability and unpredictability due to climate change and global uncertainty contributed to their negative performance in 2015. • Resource degradation contributed to lower economic productivity and is aggravated by the destruction of watershed areas, widespread upland cultivation undermining resource management, rapid degradation of topsoil and downstream siltation. • Unregulated and arbitrary conversion of productive agricultural lands to non- agricultural uses. • Unresolved issues on land distribution and land rights are attributed to the increasing caseloads of each legal officersthataffectthespeedofresolution of cases. The inability to conduct on- site or actual ocular inspection and investigation of landholdings due to existing unstable peace and order condition in the locality and/or by reason of the intense enmity between the contending parties over the subject land also contributed to the non- resolution of issues on land rights. Assessment The priority strategies are aimed at increasing productivity and competitiveness of agriculture and fishery production and being able to rebound from the impact of climate change. Rice Productivity • Sustain processing of premium quality rice for global competitiveness • Increase adoption of Hybrid Rice seeds • Increase production of Organic Rice • Lower cost of production inputs • Develop and use drought and flood resistant rice varieties Corn Productivity • Intensify farm mechanization and post- harvest facility support • Facilitate access to production credit (Sikat Saka on Corn)
- 11. Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery | 59 • Adopt cost-reducing technologies • Strengthen market forum/matching • Increase buying support price and capacity to purchase • Implement Integrated Pest and Disease Monitoring HVCCs Productivity • Provide seeds/planting materials • Enhance study on pest and disease management • Support small-scale irrigation implementation • Enhance research and development • Provide support for the acquisition of processing equipment and machinery • Establishcommunity-basedproduction, processing, and post-harvest facilities • Establish seed processing facility Livestock • Improve genetic potential of breeder stocks • Maintain and upgrade livestock and poultry production centers • Establish Multiplier Farms • Undertake forage and pasture development • Strengthen Animal Health Programs • Conduct enhancement training on meat processing • Set up Regional Broiler and Swine- Information and Early Warning System • Provide support incentives to Agriculture Extension Workers (AEWs) and Meat Inspectors (MIs) • Establish Multiplier Farms in local government units (LGUs) Fishery • Provide funding and support for the culture and production of high value fish species like Lapu-lapu and Maya- Maya. • Intensify the promotion of commercial species of bangus, tilapia, shrimps, crabs Land Distribution and Land Rights • Sustain the maintenance of Web-based Legal Case Monitoring System (LCMS) for accurate monitoring of case progress and evaluation of the performance of adjudicators and legal officers • Maintain continuous competency enhancement for DAR Lawyers and Adjudicators through conduct of assessments and workshops Priority Legislative Agenda • Extension of Notice of Coverage (NOC) Issuances • Distribution of the balances in the Land Acquisition and Distribution ( Private Agricultural Lands and Non-PAL ) • Enactment of the Accelerated Irrigation Act, an act to promote rural development by undertaking a six- year accelerated irrigation program for the construction of irrigation projects in the remaining unproductive, un- irrigated but potentially irrigable lands • Amendment of RA 8178 of 1996 or the Agriculture Tariffication Act of 1996 that would establish a tariffication system for the food staple beyond 2017
- 12. 60 | Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Table 18: Fishery Targets, 2017-2022 Source of data: BFAR XII Fishery Actual Target Production (In Metric Tons)) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Commercial Fisheries 270,768 281,599 292,863 304,577 316,760 329,431 342,608 356,312 Inland Municipal Fisheries 22,531 23,658 24,840 26,082 27,387 28,756 30,194 31,703 Marine Municipal Fisheries 17,755 18,642 19,575 20,553 21,581 22,660 23,793 24,983 Aquaculture 17,633 19,749 22,119 24,774 27,747 31,076 34,805 38,982 Table 18: Fishery Targets, 2017-2022 Source of data: DAR XII INDICATORS TARGET 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Land Tenure Services 1. Land Distribution No. of hectares of land distributed under CARP 13,251 12,719 7,135 2,077 2,070 1,963 2. Land Survey Approved No. of hectares surveyed and approved 3,302 1,002 5,952 942 900 643 No. of hectares of collective lands surveyed and approved 7,333 7,372 4,784 4,477 3,361 2,529 3. EP/CLOA Registration No. of hectares placed under LAD coverage 13,151 12,517 6,779 1,700 1,543 1,400 4. Leasehold Operation No. of hectares covered by registered leasehold contracts 2,000 1,537 1,556 1,330 1,300 1,280 Agrarian Legal Services 1. Adjudication of Cases No. of cases resolved 709 341 297 325 354 385 2. Agrarian Related Cases No. of cases resolved 2,043 2,181 2,382 2,496 2,749 2,988 Agrarian Reform Communities 1. No of ARCs established/developed 36 38 38 38 38 38 2. No. of ARB organizations assisted 487 549 559 574 579 589 3. No. of ARBs provided with microfinance 2,010 1,830 1,850 1,970 1,790 1,810 Targets