![Recap of previous lecture
We have learnt that there are four skills that
come under Dimensions of Communication.
The 4 language Skills are:
1. Listening [Receptive Skill]
2. Reading [ Receptive Skill]
3. Speaking[Productive skill]
4. Writing [Productive skill]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/readingskills-190204095943/85/Reading-skill-3-320.jpg)
![• A single word can have two meanings in two
different contexts. This is called Polysemy.
Eg.: HR Manager to Candidate: “We appreciate
your interest in our company.”
[Appreciate = Praise]
The Rupee appreciated against the Dollar
yesterday.
[Appreciate = Improve in value]
a. Understanding different meanings based on
context](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/readingskills-190204095943/85/Reading-skill-37-320.jpg)
![b. Unknown word = meaning guessed via
context
• If a word is important, it will have clues about
its meaning in the surrounding sentences.
Eg.: Procrastination is an evil. It prevents us
from taking fast decisions. Often we bother so
much about the results of a decision, that we
fail to take a decision altogether.
[Therefore, meaning of ‘procrastination’=
undecided mind].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/readingskills-190204095943/85/Reading-skill-39-320.jpg)
![Activity
You have learnt a little about Vikings in Slide 24.
Now look into the pictures next slide.
[Better, if you watch Documentaries and TV series
on the Vikings]
Question: Can you guess the food habits, & the
battle techniques of the Vikings?
What points would you say on the topic ‘Vikings’
to your friends now?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/readingskills-190204095943/85/Reading-skill-49-320.jpg)
Reading skill
- 1. Reading Comprehension Skills Dr. Debaleena Dutta
- 2. Recap of previous lecture We have learnt that there are four skills that come under Dimensions of Communication. The 4 language Skills are: 1. Listening 2. Reading 3. Speaking 4. Writing
- 3. Recap of previous lecture We have learnt that there are four skills that come under Dimensions of Communication. The 4 language Skills are: 1. Listening [Receptive Skill] 2. Reading [ Receptive Skill] 3. Speaking[Productive skill] 4. Writing [Productive skill]
- 4. When do we use reading? • To learn the script of a language • To learn concepts of any topic in details • To get entertained • To get directions • To understand instructions
- 5. When do we use reading? • To learn the script of a language • To learn concepts of any topic in details • To get entertained • To get directions • To understand instructions In fact, Reading is the source of most of our information.
- 6. How is reading different from listening? As a receptive skill, reading is more effective than listening. • In listening, we need to pay higher attention and tax our memory more. This is because the facts are spoken; they are gone once spoken. • In reading, however, we can get back to the text again if we miss a point. The facts are written down, and help us memorize them.
- 7. 4 styles of reading a text Depending on our purpose of reading, we adopt any of the four styles generally: • Skimming • Scanning • Churning • Assimilating
- 8. Activity Can you take a look at the pictures and tell: 1. Which one is related to law and order? 2. Which one gives caution to public?
- 10. How to skim? • Every passage is built around keywords. Those keywords tell us what the passage is about.
- 11. Exercise: Skim the passage and tell: 1. Topic of the paragraph 2. Purpose of the author Movies are an essential part of our lives. Surely, they entertain us most of the time. But besides that, they also inform us—of people, events, culture an tradition.
- 12. Exercise: Skim the passage and tell: 1. Topic of the paragraph 2. Purpose of the author Movies are an essential part of our lives. Surely, they entertain us most of the time. But besides that, they also inform us—of people, events, culture an tradition. Answer: Topic = Movies Purpose = Argue in favor of movies
- 13. Exercise: Skim the passage and tell: 1. Topic of the paragraph 2. Purpose of the author A break in Goa can be much more than just a holiday on beautiful beaches. The Indian state has a fast-developing food and drink scene, that embraces local and international flavours. The stylish modern hotels provide a luxury holiday experience in food and accommodation.
- 14. Exercise: Skim the passage and tell: 1. Topic of the paragraph 2. Purpose of the author A break in Goa can be much more than just a holiday on beautiful beaches. The Indian state has a fast-developing food and drink scene, that embraces local and international flavours. The stylish modern hotels provide a luxury holiday experience in food and accommodation. Topic: Goa as a holiday destination. Purpose: Persuade readers to visit Goa.
- 15. Style 1 : Skimming • Fast browsing of the entire passage. • We get a rough idea about the topic of the passage. • Humans have an inborn habit of trying to do things efficiently. They need to save time. • When we are searching for an information, and we have a large number of texts to choose from, we do a fast-browsing to decide which texts to read, and which to reject.
- 16. Targets of skimming To understand: what the topic is about Who is the target audience Which type of text it is, i.e. Report, advertisement, article, etc What is the purpose of the text? To inform? To explain? Or to persuade? The above questions give us a frame of mind to judge the text.
- 17. Style 2 : Scanning • In this, we look for more specific information in a text. • While doing a reading comprehension, we take a look at the questions asked on the passage. • When we re-read the text to locate those specific information, it is called scanning.
- 18. Activity: You will read description about a Projector Scan the Text and find: • What are the connectivity details of this product?
- 19. EGATE i9 LED HD Projector (Black) HD 1920 x 1080 - 120-inch Display • INDIAN BRAND – INDIA SERVICE CENTRE – TOLL FREE NO. 1800 123 6847 • 1 year warranty provided by the manufacturer from date of purchase • 30000 hrs life long LED lamp • HD 1920 X 1080 Support & 800 X 480 Native Resolution • 1000 : 1 High Contrast Ratio; 120” Large screen display • 1500 Lumen* / 120 Ansi; Direct Play From USB • Multiple Interface – HDMI/ VGA / USB / AV / Sd Card / Audio Out • Home theatre projection from set-top box , DVD, Blue ray & pen drive
- 20. EGATE i9 LED HD Projector (Black) HD 1920 x 1080 - 120-inch Display • INDIAN BRAND – INDIA SERVICE CENTRE – TOLL FREE NO. 1800 123 6847 • 1 year warranty provided by the manufacturer from date of purchase • 30000 hrs life long LED lamp • HD 1920 X 1080 Support & 800 X 480 Native Resolution • 1000 : 1 High Contrast Ratio; 120” Large screen display • 1500 Lumen* / 120 Ansi; Direct Play From USB • Multiple Interface – HDMI/ VGA / USB / AV / Sd Card / Audio Out • Home theatre projection from set-top box , DVD, Blue ray & pen drive
- 21. Style 3 : Churning • Churning means interpretation and inference. Interpretation Getting the summary of all the important points on a topic. Inference Reading between the lines. Understanding facts that are not stated openly. Churning
- 22. Interpretation: How is it done? • Depending on the question, we need to decide what angle we are going to take, to interpret a text. • Generally, a text contains discussion on more than one keyword. You have to collect information on the specific keyword that is asked in the question.
- 23. Let us do a quick activity: Read the paragraph next slide
- 24. The Vikings were people who lived in northern Europe and the Scandinavian countries. They were fierce warriors and excellent sea-farers. Their ship could travel fast in rough seas. They were a hardy race, who lived in harsh climatic conditions. In 793 AD, the Vikings crossed the dangerous North Sea, and invaded England. Their plan was to loot. However, the warm weather and the rich soil changed their hearts, and they decided to settle. So, they defeated the Anglo-Saxon kings, and captured their lands. By 800 AD, most of England was under the Vikings.
- 25. Now recall the passage on the basis of the two keywords: • The Vikings • England
- 26. Answers Vikings • They lived in Scandinavia and Northern Europe. • They were warriors and sea-farers. • They built ship to cross the North Sea to reach England in 793 AD. • They found Britain to be a comfortable place than their homelands. • And so they settled down. • They conquered most of England by 800 AD.
- 27. Answers England • It lies across the North Sea from Northern Europe. • Its climate is favorable than Scandinavian countries. • Its soil is also rich and fertile. • The Vikings invaded it in 793 AD. • It was then ruled by Anglo-Saxons.
- 28. Inference: How is it drawn? In order to draw inference, one has to apply one’s logic and try to connect the dots. Take the last paragraph for example. Ques. The Vikings came to loot. Why did they decide to settle in England?
- 29. How to draw inference? In order to draw inference, one has to apply one’s logic and try to connect the dots. Ans. Because climate = warm. Soil = Fertile. Therefore Farming is possible. Farming is safer than hunting, or crossing seas.
- 30. How to draw inference? In order to draw inference, one has to apply one’s logic and try to connect the dots. Ans. Because climate = warm. Soil = Fertile. Therefore Farming is possible. Farming is safer than hunting, or crossing seas. This Answer is not stated openly in the text. You have to guess it. This is inference.
- 31. Techniques to do Churning Churning Techniques = Understanding 2 things: Word Meaning Coherence
- 32. Techniques to do Churning Churning Techniques = Understanding 2 things: Word Meaning Coherence Same word, Different meaning in 2 contexts Unknown word, meaning guessed via context Unknown word, guessed via root words Reading sense-groups Knowing the topic beforehand.
- 33. Techniques to do Churning Churning Techniques = Understanding 2 things: Word Meaning Coherence Discourse Markers
- 34. BBBBBB Let us know about them in details
- 35. Word Meanings a. Understanding different meaning based on contexts. b. Guess the unknown words from context. c. Guess meaning from root words. d. Read not the sentence, but sense-groups. e. Try to get an overview beforehand.
- 36. • A single word can have two meanings in two different contexts. This is called Polysemy. Eg.: HR Manager to Candidate: “We appreciate your interest in our company.” The Rupee appreciated against the Dollar yesterday. a. Understanding different meanings based on context
- 37. • A single word can have two meanings in two different contexts. This is called Polysemy. Eg.: HR Manager to Candidate: “We appreciate your interest in our company.” [Appreciate = Praise] The Rupee appreciated against the Dollar yesterday. [Appreciate = Improve in value] a. Understanding different meanings based on context
- 38. b. Unknown word = meaning guessed via context • If a word is important, it will have clues about its meaning in the surrounding sentences. Eg.: Procrastination is an evil. It prevents us from taking fast decisions. Often we bother so much about the results of a decision, that we fail to take a decision altogether.
- 39. b. Unknown word = meaning guessed via context • If a word is important, it will have clues about its meaning in the surrounding sentences. Eg.: Procrastination is an evil. It prevents us from taking fast decisions. Often we bother so much about the results of a decision, that we fail to take a decision altogether. [Therefore, meaning of ‘procrastination’= undecided mind].
- 40. c. Guess meaning from root words • Words are built around roots. • Often, we know the meaning of certain roots. • When we see those roots, we can guess the meaning of that word. Eg: Anything that ends with –less, will mean ‘lacking in’. Anything that starts with ‘hyper’, means ‘beyond normal’. Eg. : Politicians often talk in hyperboles. They always claim 90 % development during their party’s rule.
- 41. d. Read not the sentence, but sense-groups • Some paragraphs contain heavy words in a sentence. • Don’t read word-by word then. • Instead, divide the sentence into sense groups.
- 42. Example “This method has now been augmented by the techniques of molecular biology, which allow introduction into plants entirely new characteristics, including genes, originally found in other plants.”
- 43. Example “This method has now been augmented by the techniques of molecular biology, which allow introduction into plants entirely new characteristics, including genes, originally found in other plants.”
- 44. Example “This method has now been augmented by the techniques of molecular biology, which allow introduction into plants entirely new characteristics, including genes, originally found in other plants.” Meaning: supported? Proved?
- 45. e. Try to get an overview of the topic beforehand • Any technical document is likely to contain technical terms that are specific to that subject. • If you are familiar with the subject, reading becomes easier. For example, if you are familiar with biology, you will read a passage on genes and transplants faster than a layman.
- 46. Discourse Markers • Discourse markers are words that come at the beginning of sentences, like ‘clearly’, ‘therefore’, ‘lastly’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘however’, etc. • They indicate whether the sentence is an example, a conclusion, or an opposite opinion. • They help us understand how an idea is developed in a passage.
- 47. Reading Style 4 : Assimilating When we attempt to make a mental map of the entire passage that we have read, it is called assimilating. When we say we have understood a concept after reading a chapter, we have actually done assimilation.
- 48. Steps to do Assimilation: • Churning has made available the information. Convert the information into an idea. Think about it at a personal level. • Look for pictures, videos and other texts related to the topic to get better knowledge. • Discuss with peers to get their view-points as well. • This will help you plant a mental-map of the information you have read.
- 49. Activity You have learnt a little about Vikings in Slide 24. Now look into the pictures next slide. [Better, if you watch Documentaries and TV series on the Vikings] Question: Can you guess the food habits, & the battle techniques of the Vikings? What points would you say on the topic ‘Vikings’ to your friends now?
- 51. Aspects of Assimilation: What you can do after assimilating a text? Summarize the main points Recall the structure of the passage: What was in Introduction; supporting sentences; conclusion. Discuss about the author’s viewpoint: Why did he write this passage? What was his attitude towards the topic— positive or negative? Retain the information in memory. Deliver that memorized information to another person.
- 52. Summary • Reading involves 4 styles: skimming, scanning, churning and assimilating. • Skimming and scanning are done fast. They help us know the topic of a passage, and some specific details that are easily visible. • Churning helps us interpret the text from a viewpoint. Churning also helps us infer the unstated facts in the text. • Knowledge of word-meanings is very important for churning. • Assimilating is the final stage of reading, when we set the information in our memory, for use in future.