Report on intranet
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An intranet is a private network within an organization that uses internet technologies like TCP/IP for communication, while an extranet extends an intranet to external partners and suppliers. The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses, allowing computers and services to be accessed globally using names instead of numeric addresses. DNS uses a hierarchical and distributed system of servers to resolve names into addresses quickly and reliably.
Report on intranet
- 1. PUNJAB COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION<br />LUDHIANA<br />Report <br />On<br />Intranet & DNS<br />1095375281305<br />Submitted to Submitted by<br />Mrs.Amandeep Kaur Nitika Singla<br />Shivani Singla<br /> MCA-3rd <br />Introduction<br /> <br />Intranet is a new brand of corporate network. This new organizational network system is relied on the Internet technology because of:<br /> Universal Communication - Any individual and/or department on the Intranet can interact with any other individual/department and beyond to partners and markets. <br />Performance - on inherently a high-bandwidth network, the ability to handle audio clips and visual images increases the level and effectiveness of communication. <br />Reliability - Internet technology is proven, highly robust and reliable. <br />Cost - Compared with proprietary networking environments, Internet technology costs are suprisingly low. <br />Standards - the adoption of standard protocols and APIs such as MIME, Windows Sockets, TCP/IP, FTP, and HTML delivers a fast-track series of tools which allows infrastructures to be built, restructured and enhanced to meet changing business needs as well as allowing standards-based intercommunication between external partners, agencies and potential customers. <br />What's Differences between Internet, Intranet, and Extranet?<br />Internet is a network of network, intranet is a application of internet technology inside an organization and extranet is a internet of intranet.<br />Internet is a packet swithing network based on the TCP/IP communication protocols. It is open to the public. <br />Intranets is the descriptive term being used for the implementation of internet technologies within a corporate organization, rather than for external connection to the global Internet.Intranet is the application of these technologies within your organization and centred around the corporate LAN. <br />An Intranet is an internal information system based on Internet technology, web services, TCP/IP and HTTP communication protocols, and HTML publishing.<br />Extranets is a An extranet is a collaborative network that uses Internet technology to link businesses with their suppliers, customers, or other businesses that share common goals. <br />Extranet: Internet of Intranet<br /> <br />An extranet is a collaborative network that uses Internet technology to link businesses with their suppliers, customers, or other businesses that share common goals. The term has been used by Jim Barksdale and Mark Andreessen of Netscape Communications to describe software that facilitates intercompany relationships. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is made accessible to other companies or that is a collaboration with other companies. The shared information might be accessible only to the collaborating parties or, in some cases, might be public.Examples of extranet applications might include: <br />Private newsgroups that cooperating companies use to share valuable experiences and ideas <br />Groupware in which several companies collaborate in developing a new application program they can all use <br />Training programs or other educational material that companies could develop and share <br />Shared product catalogs accessible only to wholesalers or those \" in the trade\" <br />Project management and control for companies that are part of a common work project An extranet would seem to require a degree of security and privacy from competitors. An extranet might be viewed as an intersection set of a number of different company intranets. Security and privacy could be obtained either by ensuring that the transmission lines were privately owned or leased, by tunneling through the Internet, or by using the Internet with password authorization. Relative to the Extranet (Internet and Intranet also), tunneling is using the Extranet as part of a private secure network. The \" tunnel\" is the particular path that a given company message or file might travel through the Internet. A protocol or set of communication rules called Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) has been proposed that would make it possible to create a private network through \" tunnels\" over the Internet. Effectively, a corporation would use a wide-area network as a single large local area network. This would mean that companies would no longer need their own leased lines for wide-area communication but could securely use the public networks. <br /> Intranet Technology<br /> <br />OVERVIEW OF INTRANET <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Intranet Building Blocks <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Merits of Intranet<br />Enterprise messaging to enable the intranet's users to exchange e-mail and its attachments even when they employ different desktop mailers. <br />Directory services to profile the intranet's users so their access to selected information resources can be authorized and managed. <br />Information intelligence to profile the intranet's information resources so they can be seamlessly exchanged, shared or processed within diverse user communities. <br />Customized presentation to let data consumers view the intranet's information resources as usable, everyday business assets. <br />Process intelligence to enable the intranet's information resources to be incorporated into business-definable workflows. <br />Enterprise security to enable institutions to protect the intranet and its information resources in terms of accessibility, integrity and confidentiality. <br />Domain Name System<br />The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participants. Most importantly, it translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical (binary) identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide. An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the \" phone book\" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, www.example.com translates to the addresses 192.0.32.10 (IPv4) and 2620:0:2d0:200::10 (IPv6).<br />The Domain Name System makes it possible to assign domain names to groups of Internet users in a meaningful way, independent of each user's physical location. Because of this,HYPERLINK \" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web\" \o \" World Wide Web\" World Wide Web (WWW) hyperlinks and Internet contact information can remain consistent and constant even if the current Internet routing arrangements change or the participant uses a mobile device. Internet domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses such as 208.77.188.166 (IPv4) or 2001:db8:1f70::999:de8:7648:6e8 (IPv6). People take advantage of this when they recite meaningful URLs and e-mail addresses without having to know how the machine will actually locate them.<br />The Domain Name System distributes the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to IP addresses by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Authoritative name servers are assigned to be responsible for their particular domains, and in turn can assign other authoritative name servers for their sub-domains. This mechanism has made the DNS distributed and fault tolerant and has helped avoid the need for a single central register to be continually consulted and updated.<br />In general, the Domain Name System also stores other types of information, such as the list of mail servers that accept email for a given Internet domain. By providing a worldwide, distributed keyword-based redirection service, the Domain Name System is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet.<br />Other identifiers such as RFID tags, UPC codes, International characters in email addresses and host names, and a variety of other identifiers could all potentially utilize DNS. <br />The Domain Name System also defines the technical underpinnings of the functionality of this database service. For this purpose it defines the DNS protocol, a detailed specification of the data structures and communication exchanges used in DNS, as part of the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).<br />Elements of DNS:-<br />DNS resolvers<br />ServerThe client-side of the DNS is called a DNS resolver. It is responsible for initiating and sequencing the queries that ultimately lead to a full resolution (translation) of the resource sought, e.g., translation of a domain name into an IP address.<br />A DNS query may be either a non-recursive query or a recursive query:<br />A non-recursive query is one in which the DNS server provides a record for a domain for which it is authoritative itself, or it provides a partial result without querying other servers.<br />A recursive query is one for which the DNS server will fully answer the query (or give an error) by querying other name servers as needed. DNS servers are not required to support recursive queries.<br />The resolver, or another DNS server acting recursively on behalf of the resolver, negotiates use of recursive service using bits in the query headers.<br />Resolving usually entails iterating through several name servers to find the needed information. However, some resolvers function simplistically and can communicate only with a single name server. These simple resolvers (called \" stub resolvers\" ) rely on a recursive name server to perform the work of finding information for them.<br />Server:-<br />The process entails:<br />A system that needs to use the DNS is configured with the known addresses of the root servers. This is often stored in a file of root hints, which are updated periodically by an administrator from a reliable source.<br />Query one of the root servers to find the server authoritative for the top-level domain.<br />Query the obtained TLD DNS server for the address of a DNS server authoritative for the second-level domain.<br />Repeating the previous step to process each domain name label in sequence, until the final step which would, rather than generating the address of the next DNS server, return the IP address of the host sought.<br />The mechanism in this simple form would place a large operating burden on the root servers, with every search for an address starting by querying one of them. Being as critical as they are to the overall function of the system, such heavy use would create an insurmountable bottleneck for trillions of queries placed every day. In practice caching is used in DNS servers to overcome this problem, and as a result, root nameservers actually are involved with very little of the total traffic.<br />DNS Advantage<br />DNS Advantage resolves all of your DNS requests exclusively through UltraDNS's proprietary Directory Services Platform. While most networks use recursive DNS services that are provided by their ISP or that reside on their own set of small DNS servers, DNS Advantage is better - and here's why.<br />left0It's More Reliable. UltraDNS's Directory Services Platform currently spans 15 locations and five continents around the world. This allows us to offer you the most reliable fully redundant DNS service anywhere. Each node has multiple servers, and is connected by several Tier 1 carriers to the Internet.<br />left0It's Faster. Our strategically placed nodes are located at the most optimal intersections of the Internet. Unlike most DNS providers, UltraDNS's Directory Services Platform uses Anycast routing technology - which means that no matter where you are located in the world, your DNS requests are answered by the closest available DNS Advantage servers. Combine this with our huge cache and we can get the answers you seek faster and more reliably than anyone else.<br />left0It's Smarter. Our technology allows us to automatically correct many typing errors you may make. We don't think you should be penalized for inadvertently typing an invalid top level domain address into your browser, so we will correct many \" typos\" and take you where you intended to go automatically - saving you valuable time and improving your Internet experience. Our DNS Advantage Directory guides you with relevant alternatives when your browser's Address Bar can't resolve your search words or destination.<br />left0It's Safer. As the leading authoritative DNS provider, we are keenly aware of the dangers that plague the Internet today. That's why we've created unique security solutions that don't require you to install any hardware or download any software. Our DNS Real-Time Directory (DNS-RTD) signals the DNS Advantage recursive servers anytime one of the UltraDNS authoritative customers or DNS-RTD partners updates a DNS record. This fundamentally eliminates the concept of a TTL by invalidating the recursive server's cache for updated Domains, providing you the most accurate and up to date view of these sites.<br />left0Coming Soon We've teamed up with trusted third-party security experts to keep real-time block lists (RBL) of harmful websites (i.e. phishing sites, malware sites, spyware sites, excessive advertising sites, etc.). We will warn you when you attempt to access a site containing potentially threatening content based on the RBL that are updated daily. You can trust us to protect you and your customers from many of the known online dangers.<br />