Report on methods of primary data.bimal.doc.x
- 1. REPORT ON METHODS OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION MBA-001 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF - PROF.SALINI NIGAM AND SUBMITTED BY- PROF.AKSHAY KUMAR SATSANGI BIMAL YADAV DEPARMENT OF MANAGEMENT ROLL-NO -117611 FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE MBA-3 SEMESTER
- 2. INTRODUCTION- The Primary Data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. Primary data are first-hand information collected through various methods such as observation, interviewing, mailing etc. We collect primary data during the course of doing experiments in an experimental research. The primary data are to be originally collected.
- 3. METHODS OF PRIMARY DATA COLLETION There are many methods of collecting primary data and the main methods are: Questionnaires Interviews Focus Group Interviews Observation Case studies Diaries Critical incidents Portfolios
- 4. Questionnaires- Questionnaires are a popular means of collecting data, but are difficult to design and often require many rewrites before an acceptable questionnaire is produced. Advantage- Can cover a large number of people or organizations. Wide Geographic coverage Relatively cheap etc. Disadvantage- ● Design problems ● Time delay etc
- 5. Interviews- Interviewing is a technique that is primarily used to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons and motivations for people’s attitudes, preferences or behaviour. It involves not only conversation, but also learning from the respondents’ gestures, facial expressions and pauses, and his environment. Interviewing requires face-to-face contact or contact over telephone and calls for interviewing skills.
- 6. Types of interview- Structured- Based on a carefully worded interview schedule. Frequently require short answers. Semi-structured- The interview is focused by asking certain questions but with scope for the respondent to express him or herself at length. Unstructured- This also called an in-depth interview. The interviewer begins by asking a general question. The interviewer uses an unstructured format
- 7. Focus group interviews- A focus group is an interview conducted by a trained moderator in a non-structured and natural manner with a small group of respondents. The moderator leads the discussion. The main purpose of focus groups is to gain insights by listening to a group of people from the appropriate target market talk about specific issues of interest.
- 8. Observation- Observation involves recording the behavioural patterns of people, objects and events in a systematic manner. Observation means viewing or seeing. We go on observing some thing or other while we are awake. Most of such observations are just casual and have no specific purpose. But observation as a method of data collection is different from such casual viewing.
- 9. Case-studies- The term case-study usually refers to a fairly intensive examination of a single unit such as a person, a small group of people, or a single company. Case-studies involve measuring what is there and how it got there. The case-study method has three steps- 1- Determine the present situation. 2- Gather background information about the past and key variables. 3-Test hypotheses. The background information collected will have been analysed for possible hypotheses.
- 10. Critical incidents- The critical incident technique is an attempt to identify the more ‘noteworthy’ aspects of job behaviour and is based on the assumption that jobs are composed of critical and non-critical tasks. For example, a critical task might be defined as one that makes the difference between success and failure in carrying out important parts of the job. The idea is to collect reports about what people do that is particularly effective in contributing to good performance.
- 11. Diaries- A diary is a way of gathering information about the way individuals spend their time on professional activities. Diaries can record either quantitative or qualitative data, and in management research can provide information about work patterns and activities. Advantages- Allows the researcher freedom to move from one organisation to another. Useful for collecting information from employees. Disadvantages- Progress needs checking from time-to-time. Confidentiality is required as content may be critical.
- 12. Portfolios- A measure of a manager’s ability may be expressed in terms of the number and duration of ‘issues’ or problems being tackled at any one time. The compilation of problem portfolios is recording information about how each problem arose, methods used to solve it, difficulties encountered, etc. ACTIVITY:- Sampling- Collecting data is time consuming and expensive, even for relatively small amounts of data. EXAMPLES: The theory of sampling is based on random samples – where all items in the population have the same chance of being selected as sample units.
- 13. REFERENCES:- ● Various sites- www.dmstudy.info/dmstudy.info www.ptsyst.com/ www.datasheetarchive.com/datasheetarchive.com www.google.com www.yahoo.com. ● Various Books- C.R. Kothari Research Methodology Sharma, B.A.V. et al., Research Methods in Social Sciences, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt.Ltd., 1983. Tandon, B.C. Research Methodology in Social Sciences, Allahabad: Chaitanya Publishing House, 1979. Denzin, Norman, The Research Act, Chicago: Aldine, 1973 Oppenheim,A.N.. Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement, New York: Basic Books 1966