Research 101: Qualitative Data Analysis.
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1) The document outlines the process of qualitative data analysis, which includes coding transcripts, identifying themes, and synthesizing the data. 2) Coding involves tagging meaningful words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs with labels or codes. Themes are then created by grouping related codes. 3) An example shows personality dimensions being coded and then grouped into the five factor model of personality: openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism. 4) The final step of synthesis describes connections between themes and searches for explanations to arrive at the main results of the research.
Research 101: Qualitative Data Analysis.
- 1. Research 101: Qualitative Data Analysis Harold Gamero
- 2. Data analysis • The objective of the analysis is to make sense of the unstructured data. • The process, which can be cyclical, is the following: Synthesis Theming Coding Review
- 3. Data analysis Synthesis Theming Coding Review • Read the transcripts • Make notes with first impressions • Highlight relevant words, phrases or even paragraphs • Something can be relevant when: appears more than once, the interviewee has stated its importance, it appears in previous theories, or other reasons
- 4. Data analysis Synthesis Theming Review Coding • Codes are tags or labels for assigning units of meaning • Created from words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs • Can be based on existing theories and concepts or be completely new (or both) • We can have lots of codes (initially) • Never forget the initial aim and characteristics of the elected design
- 5. Clean (intelligent) verbatim AGE Escape / Travel Racial bias / motivation Boredom
- 6. Where Do We Look for Meaning? Whose Interpretation? What Is the Unit of Analysis? What Is Outcome Goal? Ethnography Culture Balance of researcher and participant Community Cultural map Phenomenology Experience of phenomenon Co-researchers Individuals and groups Essence of phenomenon Case Study Characteristics of bounded system Researcher Organization, group, individual, or critical incident Describe and interpret case Textual Analysis Language and symbols Researcher Texts or conversation Interpretation Applied Research Constructed experience with program Collaboration of participants and researcher Individual, group, or organization Evaluation/ problem solving Qualitative designs comparison
- 7. Data analysis Synthesis Coding Review Theming • Themes are common, recurring patterns, clustered around a central concept • Created grouping codes that are related. • Not all the initial codes have to be used, some can be dropped, combined, split or changed. • Try to be unbiased, creative and open-minded. • Themes can be different in nature (different types of codes). • Name the themes.
- 9. Example: Personality dimensions Competitive Controlled Anxious Curious Team player Organized Stress free Focused Conservative Shy Ambitious Flexible Introvert Sociable Extrovert Spontaneous Reserved
- 10. Example: Personality dimensions Personality Competitive Controlled Anxious Curious Team player Organized Stress free Focused Conservative Shy Ambitious Flexible Introvert Sociable Extrovert Spontaneous Reserved Openness Conscientiousness Agreeableness Extraversion Neuroticism
- 11. Data analysis Theming Coding Review Synthesis • Search for connections between the themes • Describe and search for explanations about this connections • This will be the main result of the research • Decide if there is any hierarchy within the themes
- 12. Example: Personality dimensions Personality Competitive Controlled Anxious Curious Team player Organized Stress free Focused Conservative Shy Ambitious Flexible Introvert Sociable Extrovert Spontaneous Reserved Openness Conscientiousness Agreeableness Extraversion Neuroticism
- 13. Big Five Model