research design sonal ppt
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This document discusses different types of research designs, including descriptive, exploratory, experimental, and diagnostic designs. It provides details on what each design involves, such as descriptive designs attempting to describe characteristics of individuals and exploratory designs examining phenomena to develop hypotheses. The document also outlines key aspects of different designs, such as descriptive designs answering who, what, where, when and how questions, and experimental designs enabling comparison of conditions and drawing conclusions about observed differences. Finally, it discusses how research objectives influence the choice of appropriate research design, such as exploratory designs for gaining background information.
research design sonal ppt
- 2. Introduction 1. Introduction, Research Problems/Objectives, & Justification 2. Literature Review 3. Methodology (Research sample, data collection, measurement, data analysis) 4. Results & Discussion 5. Implications 6. Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research What--What was studied? What about--What aspects of the subject were studied? What for--What is/was the significance of the study? What did prior lit./research say? What was done--How was the study conducted? What was found? So what? What now?
- 3. RESEARCH DESIGN Research Design -provides a framework for the collection and analysis of data. -refers to the plan, structure, and strategy of research--the blueprint that will guide the research process. Research Method -technique for collecting data. - choice of research method reflects decisions about the type of instruments or techniques to be used.
- 4. Types of Research Designs Descriptive Case study Cross-sectional study Qualitative study Exploratory Cohort study Case control study Experimental True experimental designs Quasi-experimental designs Diagnostic
- 5. Descriptive Research Descriptive: investigator attempts to describe a group of individuals on a set of variables or characteristics. Enables classification and understanding Methods: survey research, case study, qualitative, developmental (natural history of something, patterns of growth and change).
- 6. Research Design: Descriptive Research Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not why. Two basic classifications: Cross-sectional studies Longitudinal studies
- 7. Research Design: Descriptive Research (Cross-sectional Studies) Cross-sectional studies measure units from a sample of the population at only one point in time. -sample surveys are cross-sectional studies whose samples are drawn in such a way as to be representative of a specific population. -on-line survey research is being used to collect data for cross-sectional surveys at a faster rate of speed.
- 8. Research Design: Descriptive Research Longitudinal Studies • Longitudinal studies repeatedly draw sample units of a population over time. -one method is to draw different units from the same sampling frame. -a second method is to use a “panel” where the same people are asked to respond periodically.
- 9. Exploratory Research Investigator examines a phenomenon of interest and explores its dimensions, including how it relates to other factors. Proven relationships between the phenomenon and other factors can lead to predictive models Types include Correlational studies, cohort and case control, secondary analysis, historical research
- 10. Research Design: Exploratory Research Exploratory research is most commonly unstructured, “informal” research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem. -usually conducted when the researcher does not know much about the problem and needs additional information or desires new or more recent information. - includes surveys, case analysis, focus groups
- 11. Experimental Research Provides a basis for comparing TWO or more conditions Controls or accounts for the effects of extraneous factors, providing the highest degree of confidence in the validity of outcomes Enables the researcher to draw meaningful conclusions about observed differences Types include Randomized controlled trials, sequential clinical trials, evaluation research, quasi-experimental research, meta-analysis
- 12. Diagnostic Research Design Studies sets of signs and symptoms Has a clinical approach Cause and effect wrt to illness
- 13. Basic Research Objectives and Research Design Research Objective To gain background information, to define terms, to clarify problems and develop hypotheses, to establish research priorities, to develop questions to be answered To describe and measure a phenomena at a point in time To determine causality, test hypotheses, to make “if-then” statements, to answer questions Appropriate Design Exploratory Descriptive Causal
- 14. Purpose of Research Design First, it suggests the necessary observations you need to make to provide answers to the research question. It outlines the ways you should make your observations. Second, the research design identifies the analytical and statistical procedures you will need to use when analyzing the data. A major purpose of research is to establish that the independent and dependent variables are causally related.
- 15. Thank you