International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Conference Issue | March 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through
Interdisciplinary Practices in Management
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 203
Review on: “Android Application for Faculties of
Higher and Technical Education”
Mr Chavan Vishvajit V1, Dr. Kulkarni R. V2
1Department of M.Phil, 2
Professor and Head
1,2Chhatrapati Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
Organised By:
Management Department, Chhatrapati
Shahu Institute of Business Education
and Research, Kolhapur, Maharashtra
How to cite this paper: Mr Chavan
Vishvajit V | Dr. Kulkarni R. V “Review
on: “Android Application forFaculties of
Higher and Technical Education””
Published in International Journal of
Trend in Scientific Research and
Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470,
Special Issue | Fostering Innovation,
Integration and Inclusion Through
Interdisciplinary
Practices in
Management, March
2019, pp.203-206,
URL:
https://www.ijtsrd.c
om/papers/ijtsrd23
102.pdf
ABSTRACT
Though this is an era of Information Technology, teachers have to do lots of
paper work, always keeping number of copies of documents in both hardcopies
as well as soft copies. Though when the need arises there is always new
searching and preparation of documents. Though teachers are bound to deal
with academic diaries or course files filling application for leave, examination
related duty, going through the time table etc. Now day’s android applications
are widely used in every field. The organizations that have websites, desktop
applications are also prefer to easiness in functioning of various business
activities. With Android applications, teachers can do various functions; viz-
leave management, workload adjustments, and store and view results, keep
FDP/workshop records, will also have smooth functioning of daily work, store
important documents, communicate within staff and alsofollows organizational
work structure. This paper focuses on the use of AndroidApplication forteaches
in order to fulfill the expectations of institutions like UGC, NAAC etc., about
making use of ICT in teaching-learning process, making academic details
available in electronic form.
KEYWORDS: Teachers, Android App, Higher-technical education, ICT
I. INTRODUCTION
Now day’s android applications are widely used in every field. The organizations
that have websites, desktop applications are also prefertoeasiness infunctioning
of various business activities. These applications are well connected with the
main system. Android applications for teachers willalsohavesmoothfunctioning
of daily work, store important documents communicate within staff and also
follows organizational work structure.Mobileapplicationforteachers wouldhave
the functionalities which they are doing manually.
It will have Academic diary, course file or personal file in
electronic form. Teachers can do various functions; viz- leave
management, workload adjustments, and store and view
results, keep FDP/workshop records. Hence this Android
App will make available of academic related data with
teachers. It also decrease the task of searching for docs,
certificate etc.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Though there are various applications are developed for
teachers, which include desktop and web applications, but
very rare development is found dedicated to teachers use.
Following are the summarized reviews in the related
research area.
1. “Course File Management System IJCSN International
Journal of Computer Science and Network, 2014” This
research paper gives an idea of implementation of
“course file management system” for teachers. It is
desktop application. The archiving system for course
files is very important for all and the main aim of this
system is to solve the problems related to submission
the files by hand from faculty members to the
Committees of Academic Accreditation. The system
contributes significantly to save time and efforts of the
faculty members and committees. The members in the
faculty can access the system easily and upload the
required files during the semester without waitinguntil
the end of the semester. The system will allow the
members of the committee to write notes on the files
delivered to them after reviewing as well as the system
will send SMS to faculty members to remind them in
case of delay in submission of requested files. The
program will also save time and effort of the employees
in submitting the files by hand. The main advantage of
this project is to design quick and easy user interfacefor
use by accreditation committees,thefacultymembers in
IJTSRD23102
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 204
accordance with the specific authorities for submitting
the files of courses and reviewing them.
2. “An e-Course file management system: A green campus
initiative,2013”.In this paper the author, as a green
campus initiative, he propose a prototype e-course file
database management system to compile and organize
the course files via user friendly graphical user
interfaces. Here the author proposes the desktop
system. The paper-based course files maintained
manuallypresent a varietyof disadvantages that include
physical storage, retrieval issues, and recurring paper
and printing costs. Moreover, the extensive paper usage
required to maintain course files poses negative
environmental impacts occurring during the paper
making and disposal stages of paper life-cycle. This
system would also eliminate the storage and financial
costs and would reduce the man-hours spent on
preparing the paper-based course files. This will reduce
the burden on the natural resources which is the
ultimate target of green initiatives in different types of
organizations for achieving a sustainable clean
environment. The system will also allow the different
stakeholders to view and assess the course files from
their desktops.
3. “Design and Implementation of Web-Based Document
Management Systems” published by IEEE reveals the
design and implementation of twoweb-baseddocument
management systems customized to serve the need of
an international organization. The systems were
designed to replace a paper-based process that
gradually became unmanageableduetotheincreasingly
large volume of texts and the need to distribute the
documents to geographically remote locations. Features
of the new systems include online recording of forms
and texts, automatic email notifications and reminders,
electronic authorization, database query functions, a
secure mechanism for web access of documents for
approval and future references. It is described here the
design principles andintroduced thefunctionalmodules
in each system. Systems wereimplementedonWindows
and UNIX platforms using open-source softwaresuch as
PHP4, MySQL, Apache, etc.
4. “Introducing Dynamic Mathematics Software to
Secondary School Teachers: The Case of GeoGebra”
In this paper a study aimed to identify most common
impediments related to the introduction of an open-
source mathematical software package GeoGebra. This
application generates the report based on analysis of
data collected during a three-week professional
development programme organizedfor middleand high
school teachers in Florida. The study identified
challenges participants face during workshops and
evaluated the difficulty levels of GeoGebra tools.
Findings of the study, complexity criteria of software
tools and commonly occurring difficulties, provided the
basis for the development of several new materials
assisting workshop activities and contributed to the
improvement of introductory GeoGebra workshops.
5. “Barriers to adopting emerging technologies
in education” PL Rogers – Journal of educational
computing research,2000 This article examines barriers
to technology adoption based on the literature and data
from two studies. A five-step hierarchical model. It is-
familiarization, utilization, integration, reorientation
and evolution of adoption of technology in the
classroom is presented, and internal and external
barriers to technology adoption are examined. The two
studies are then described. In the K-12 study, 1,000 art
teachers were surveyed to: ascertain current levels of
technology adoption; characterize teaching strategies
used for learning in computer-based art classrooms;
identify barriers totechnology adoption;andproposean
instructional model. In the secondstudy,information on
the impact of a large-scale initiative, the Electronic
Academy, implemented at two- and four-year
institutions in a Midwestern state postsecondary
system, was collected from instructional technology
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 205
coordinators. A product of this examination is a visual
representation of the interactions and interdependence
of elements that contribute to the construction of
barriers to technology adoption. Three tables contain a
summary of research on barriers to technologyadoption
and data on barriers to technology adoption at the
elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels.
6. Google Classroom. https://classroom.google.com/h
This is mobile app of the G Suite for education. This is
used by the school for the purpose of distributing and
grading the assignments of the students. This app
facilitates the teachers for storing the class materials in
G drive so that the students can have an easy access to
the materials in case of urgent requirements. The
teachers also use this app for making certain
announcements and debates.
7. The Teacher App; http://www.theteacherapp.org/.
about is a free app to help teachers learn and grow
anytime, anywhere at zero cost. The Teacher App is a
platform where every teacher in India can access high
quality content to learn and grow anytime, anywhere, at
zero cost using a smart phone. With The Teacher App,
we get access to courses, educational resources, stories
and conversations. This App offers-Free, easy-to-use,
downloadable course content which is taught in class. It
also has an access to experts from the Indian education
system. It also facilities of sharingclassroomstories,and
experiences of teachers all overIndia.This app also have
an scope to classroom innovations, methods and
resources adopted by teachers.
8. my diary system, http://www.myediary.com.au This
system Equip teachers with the best resource of all.
Time. With homework management, class
communication and parent conversations managed
within My Diary, teachers have more time to actually
teach. The main modules for teachers are-notifications,
student progress, time table and calendar and teacher
planner. It also has provision forstudents and parents to
participate together in teaching learning activities.
Parents can start conversations with their child’s
teachers, can communicate within the context of the
diary. Parents can see their child’s homework deadlines,
details and attachments. parents can receive
announcements, newsletters, permission slips, school
policy information andnotices. Studentscan access their
timetable, school and class announcements, events,
reminders and homework tasks.
III. Research Gap
The researcher has reviewed the various research articles
and android applications. These applications are built for
faculties and students and development of mobile
applications. These apps are also act as bridge between
school teachers and their development. Researcher also
found that there are many desktop applications made for
faculties of colleges and universities. So based on this it is
found that is very rare development have been carried out
related mobile application for faculties in higher and
technical education. It is also observed that there is less
applications are developed for teachers to manage their
daily work, course files or academic diary etc. Hence to
facilitates the teachers for their routine educational work
topic is finalized as “Development and Implementation of
Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical
Education”.
IV. Conclusion
The application yet developed andproposedfor theteachers
academic work are desktop or web applications. Using
mobile application in daily routine saves times, complete
tasks faster, reliable and making information available and
any time anywhere. Smart phones, that have become an
important part of today’s life, have reduced all the efforts.
Service quality is the most important dimensions of web
channels in order to increase the satisfaction level user. In
addition, this online environment offers many relative
advantages to user. These relative advantages attract
teachers to more convenient, easier, time-saving, and more
enjoyable scenario.
V. References
[1] Course File Management System, IJCSN International
Journal of Computer Science and Network, Volume 3,
Issue 5, October 2014ISSN (Online): 2277-5420
.Impact Factor: 0.274
[2] An e-Course file management system: A green campus
initiative ISSN 2224-5758 (Paper) ISSN 2224-896X
(Online) Vol.3, No.1, 20133.
[3] Design and Implementation of Web-Based Document
Management Systems” Print ISBN: 0-7695-2743-4,
Publisher : IEEE
[4] Dynamic Mathematics Software to Secondary School
Teachers: the Case of GeoGebra JCMST Volume
28, Number 2, April 2009 ISSN 0731-9258 Publisher.
Preiner, J. (2008).
[5] Introducing dynamic Mathematics software to
Mathematics teachers: the case of GeoGebra. Phd
thesis, 264 pages, university of salzburg, austria
schumann, H. (1991). Schulgeometrisches
Konstruieren MIT-DEM Computer. Teubner und
Metzler, stuttgart.
[6] https://classroom.google.com/h.
[7] http://www.theteacherapp.org/
[8] Oracle Content Management (2009). Go Green With
Oracle Content Management. [Online]
Available:http://www.oracle.com/us/products/middle
ware/content-management/059500.pdf.
[9] Jason Yao and Jessica H. Li, PRACTICAL DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF WEB-BASED, DOCUMENT
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 206
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, 10th IEEE International
Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference
Workshops, 2006 (EDOCW'06).
[10] Syed Mushhad Mustuzhar Gilani, Jamil Ahmed,
Muhammad Azeem Abbas, Electronic Document
Management: A Paperless University Model, 2nd IEEE
International Conference on Computer Science and
Information Technology, 2009. ICCSIT 2009.
[11] myediary system, http://www.myediary.com.au.
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY
4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

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Review on “Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Education”

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Conference Issue | March 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470 Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 203 Review on: “Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Education” Mr Chavan Vishvajit V1, Dr. Kulkarni R. V2 1Department of M.Phil, 2 Professor and Head 1,2Chhatrapati Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Organised By: Management Department, Chhatrapati Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research, Kolhapur, Maharashtra How to cite this paper: Mr Chavan Vishvajit V | Dr. Kulkarni R. V “Review on: “Android Application forFaculties of Higher and Technical Education”” Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management, March 2019, pp.203-206, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.c om/papers/ijtsrd23 102.pdf ABSTRACT Though this is an era of Information Technology, teachers have to do lots of paper work, always keeping number of copies of documents in both hardcopies as well as soft copies. Though when the need arises there is always new searching and preparation of documents. Though teachers are bound to deal with academic diaries or course files filling application for leave, examination related duty, going through the time table etc. Now day’s android applications are widely used in every field. The organizations that have websites, desktop applications are also prefer to easiness in functioning of various business activities. With Android applications, teachers can do various functions; viz- leave management, workload adjustments, and store and view results, keep FDP/workshop records, will also have smooth functioning of daily work, store important documents, communicate within staff and alsofollows organizational work structure. This paper focuses on the use of AndroidApplication forteaches in order to fulfill the expectations of institutions like UGC, NAAC etc., about making use of ICT in teaching-learning process, making academic details available in electronic form. KEYWORDS: Teachers, Android App, Higher-technical education, ICT I. INTRODUCTION Now day’s android applications are widely used in every field. The organizations that have websites, desktop applications are also prefertoeasiness infunctioning of various business activities. These applications are well connected with the main system. Android applications for teachers willalsohavesmoothfunctioning of daily work, store important documents communicate within staff and also follows organizational work structure.Mobileapplicationforteachers wouldhave the functionalities which they are doing manually. It will have Academic diary, course file or personal file in electronic form. Teachers can do various functions; viz- leave management, workload adjustments, and store and view results, keep FDP/workshop records. Hence this Android App will make available of academic related data with teachers. It also decrease the task of searching for docs, certificate etc. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Though there are various applications are developed for teachers, which include desktop and web applications, but very rare development is found dedicated to teachers use. Following are the summarized reviews in the related research area. 1. “Course File Management System IJCSN International Journal of Computer Science and Network, 2014” This research paper gives an idea of implementation of “course file management system” for teachers. It is desktop application. The archiving system for course files is very important for all and the main aim of this system is to solve the problems related to submission the files by hand from faculty members to the Committees of Academic Accreditation. The system contributes significantly to save time and efforts of the faculty members and committees. The members in the faculty can access the system easily and upload the required files during the semester without waitinguntil the end of the semester. The system will allow the members of the committee to write notes on the files delivered to them after reviewing as well as the system will send SMS to faculty members to remind them in case of delay in submission of requested files. The program will also save time and effort of the employees in submitting the files by hand. The main advantage of this project is to design quick and easy user interfacefor use by accreditation committees,thefacultymembers in IJTSRD23102
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 204 accordance with the specific authorities for submitting the files of courses and reviewing them. 2. “An e-Course file management system: A green campus initiative,2013”.In this paper the author, as a green campus initiative, he propose a prototype e-course file database management system to compile and organize the course files via user friendly graphical user interfaces. Here the author proposes the desktop system. The paper-based course files maintained manuallypresent a varietyof disadvantages that include physical storage, retrieval issues, and recurring paper and printing costs. Moreover, the extensive paper usage required to maintain course files poses negative environmental impacts occurring during the paper making and disposal stages of paper life-cycle. This system would also eliminate the storage and financial costs and would reduce the man-hours spent on preparing the paper-based course files. This will reduce the burden on the natural resources which is the ultimate target of green initiatives in different types of organizations for achieving a sustainable clean environment. The system will also allow the different stakeholders to view and assess the course files from their desktops. 3. “Design and Implementation of Web-Based Document Management Systems” published by IEEE reveals the design and implementation of twoweb-baseddocument management systems customized to serve the need of an international organization. The systems were designed to replace a paper-based process that gradually became unmanageableduetotheincreasingly large volume of texts and the need to distribute the documents to geographically remote locations. Features of the new systems include online recording of forms and texts, automatic email notifications and reminders, electronic authorization, database query functions, a secure mechanism for web access of documents for approval and future references. It is described here the design principles andintroduced thefunctionalmodules in each system. Systems wereimplementedonWindows and UNIX platforms using open-source softwaresuch as PHP4, MySQL, Apache, etc. 4. “Introducing Dynamic Mathematics Software to Secondary School Teachers: The Case of GeoGebra” In this paper a study aimed to identify most common impediments related to the introduction of an open- source mathematical software package GeoGebra. This application generates the report based on analysis of data collected during a three-week professional development programme organizedfor middleand high school teachers in Florida. The study identified challenges participants face during workshops and evaluated the difficulty levels of GeoGebra tools. Findings of the study, complexity criteria of software tools and commonly occurring difficulties, provided the basis for the development of several new materials assisting workshop activities and contributed to the improvement of introductory GeoGebra workshops. 5. “Barriers to adopting emerging technologies in education” PL Rogers – Journal of educational computing research,2000 This article examines barriers to technology adoption based on the literature and data from two studies. A five-step hierarchical model. It is- familiarization, utilization, integration, reorientation and evolution of adoption of technology in the classroom is presented, and internal and external barriers to technology adoption are examined. The two studies are then described. In the K-12 study, 1,000 art teachers were surveyed to: ascertain current levels of technology adoption; characterize teaching strategies used for learning in computer-based art classrooms; identify barriers totechnology adoption;andproposean instructional model. In the secondstudy,information on the impact of a large-scale initiative, the Electronic Academy, implemented at two- and four-year institutions in a Midwestern state postsecondary system, was collected from instructional technology
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 205 coordinators. A product of this examination is a visual representation of the interactions and interdependence of elements that contribute to the construction of barriers to technology adoption. Three tables contain a summary of research on barriers to technologyadoption and data on barriers to technology adoption at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels. 6. Google Classroom. https://classroom.google.com/h This is mobile app of the G Suite for education. This is used by the school for the purpose of distributing and grading the assignments of the students. This app facilitates the teachers for storing the class materials in G drive so that the students can have an easy access to the materials in case of urgent requirements. The teachers also use this app for making certain announcements and debates. 7. The Teacher App; http://www.theteacherapp.org/. about is a free app to help teachers learn and grow anytime, anywhere at zero cost. The Teacher App is a platform where every teacher in India can access high quality content to learn and grow anytime, anywhere, at zero cost using a smart phone. With The Teacher App, we get access to courses, educational resources, stories and conversations. This App offers-Free, easy-to-use, downloadable course content which is taught in class. It also has an access to experts from the Indian education system. It also facilities of sharingclassroomstories,and experiences of teachers all overIndia.This app also have an scope to classroom innovations, methods and resources adopted by teachers. 8. my diary system, http://www.myediary.com.au This system Equip teachers with the best resource of all. Time. With homework management, class communication and parent conversations managed within My Diary, teachers have more time to actually teach. The main modules for teachers are-notifications, student progress, time table and calendar and teacher planner. It also has provision forstudents and parents to participate together in teaching learning activities. Parents can start conversations with their child’s teachers, can communicate within the context of the diary. Parents can see their child’s homework deadlines, details and attachments. parents can receive announcements, newsletters, permission slips, school policy information andnotices. Studentscan access their timetable, school and class announcements, events, reminders and homework tasks. III. Research Gap The researcher has reviewed the various research articles and android applications. These applications are built for faculties and students and development of mobile applications. These apps are also act as bridge between school teachers and their development. Researcher also found that there are many desktop applications made for faculties of colleges and universities. So based on this it is found that is very rare development have been carried out related mobile application for faculties in higher and technical education. It is also observed that there is less applications are developed for teachers to manage their daily work, course files or academic diary etc. Hence to facilitates the teachers for their routine educational work topic is finalized as “Development and Implementation of Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Education”. IV. Conclusion The application yet developed andproposedfor theteachers academic work are desktop or web applications. Using mobile application in daily routine saves times, complete tasks faster, reliable and making information available and any time anywhere. Smart phones, that have become an important part of today’s life, have reduced all the efforts. Service quality is the most important dimensions of web channels in order to increase the satisfaction level user. In addition, this online environment offers many relative advantages to user. These relative advantages attract teachers to more convenient, easier, time-saving, and more enjoyable scenario. V. References [1] Course File Management System, IJCSN International Journal of Computer Science and Network, Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2014ISSN (Online): 2277-5420 .Impact Factor: 0.274 [2] An e-Course file management system: A green campus initiative ISSN 2224-5758 (Paper) ISSN 2224-896X (Online) Vol.3, No.1, 20133. [3] Design and Implementation of Web-Based Document Management Systems” Print ISBN: 0-7695-2743-4, Publisher : IEEE [4] Dynamic Mathematics Software to Secondary School Teachers: the Case of GeoGebra JCMST Volume 28, Number 2, April 2009 ISSN 0731-9258 Publisher. Preiner, J. (2008). [5] Introducing dynamic Mathematics software to Mathematics teachers: the case of GeoGebra. Phd thesis, 264 pages, university of salzburg, austria schumann, H. (1991). Schulgeometrisches Konstruieren MIT-DEM Computer. Teubner und Metzler, stuttgart. [6] https://classroom.google.com/h. [7] http://www.theteacherapp.org/ [8] Oracle Content Management (2009). Go Green With Oracle Content Management. [Online] Available:http://www.oracle.com/us/products/middle ware/content-management/059500.pdf. [9] Jason Yao and Jessica H. Li, PRACTICAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WEB-BASED, DOCUMENT
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23102 | Conference Issue | FIIITIPM - 2019 | March 2019 Page: 206 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, 10th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops, 2006 (EDOCW'06). [10] Syed Mushhad Mustuzhar Gilani, Jamil Ahmed, Muhammad Azeem Abbas, Electronic Document Management: A Paperless University Model, 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, 2009. ICCSIT 2009. [11] myediary system, http://www.myediary.com.au. Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)