Segmentation in operating systems
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This document discusses segmentation in operating systems. Segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments rather than fixed pages. Each process is divided into segments like the main program, functions, variables, etc. There are two types of segmentation: virtual memory segmentation which loads segments non-contiguously and simple segmentation which loads all segments together at once but non-contiguously in memory. Segmentation uses a segment table to map the two-part logical address to the single physical address through looking up the segment base address.
Segmentation in operating systems
- 1. Segmentation in Operating Systems Dr.G.Jasmine Beulah Kristu Jayanti College, Bengaluru
- 2. Segmentation • Segmentation is another way of dividing the addressable memory. • It is another scheme of memory management and it generally supports the user view of memory. • The Logical address space is basically the collection of segments. • Each segment has a name and a length.
- 3. Segmentation • Basically, a process is divided into segments. Like paging, segmentation divides or segments the memory. • But there is a difference and that is while the paging divides the memory into a fixed size and on the other hand, segmentation divides the memory into variable segments these are then loaded into logical memory space.
- 4. A Program is basically a collection of segments. And a segment is a logical unit such as • main program • procedure • function • method • object • local variable and global variables. • symbol table • common block • stack • arrays
- 5. Types of Segmentation • Virtual Memory Segmentation With this type of segmentation, each process is segmented into n divisions and the most important thing is they are not segmented all at once. • Simple Segmentation With the help of this type, each process is segmented into n divisions and they are all together segmented at once exactly but at the runtime and can be non-contiguous (that is they may be scattered in the memory).
- 6. Characteristics of Segmentation • The Segmentation partitioning scheme is variable-size. • Partitions of the secondary memory are commonly known as segments. • Partition size mainly depends upon the length of modules. • Thus with the help of this technique, secondary memory and main memory are divided into unequal-sized partitions.
- 7. • A computer system that is using segmentation has a logical address space that can be viewed as multiple segments. • And the size of the segment is of the variable that is it may grow or shrink. • During the execution each segment has a name and length. • The address mainly specifies both thing name of the segment and the displacement within the segment.
- 8. • Thus the logical address consists of two tuples: <segment-number,offset> where, • Segment Number(s): Segment Number is used to represent the number of bits that are required to represent the segment. • Offset(d) Segment offset is used to represent the number of bits that are required to represent the size of the segment.
- 10. Translation of Two dimensional Logical Address to one dimensional Physical Address.
- 11. Segmentation Architecture - Segment Table • A Table that is used to store the information of all segments of the process is commonly known as Segment Table. Generally, there is no simple relationship between logical addresses and physical addresses in this scheme. • The mapping of a two-dimensional Logical address into a one-dimensional Physical address is done using the segment table. • This table is mainly stored as a separate segment in the main memory. • The table that stores the base address of the segment table is commonly known as the Segment table base register (STBR) • In the segment table each entry has : • Segment Base/base address: The segment base mainly contains the starting physical address where the segments reside in the memory. • Segment Limit: The segment limit is mainly used to specify the length of the segment. • Segment Table Base Register(STBR) The STBR register is used to point the segment table's location in the memory. • Segment Table Length Register(STLR) This register indicates the number of segments used by a program. The segment number s is legal if s<STLR
- 12. Segmentation Hardware • The logical address generated by CPU consist of two parts: • Segment Number(s): It is used as an index into the segment table. • Offset(d): It must lie in between '0' and 'segment limit'.In this case, if the Offset exceeds the segment limit then the trap is generated. correct offset+segment base= address in Physical memory • segment table is basically an array of base-limit register pair.