Solar tracking
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This document describes the design and implementation of a 360-degree sun tracking system with panel cleaning to increase solar panel output power. The system uses light sensors to track the sun and a stepper motor to rotate the panels. It also includes a brush to regularly clean dust off the panels. By continuously tracking and positioning the panels towards the sun and removing dust, the system aims to maximize solar energy harvesting and increase power generation by up to 30% compared to fixed panels.
Solar tracking
- 2. ABSTRACT The implementation and working of 360Degree sun tracking system with panel cleaning to increase the output power.
- 3. INTRODUCTION In this project we are acquiring the data from the light intensity senses. Which are then fed to the comparators, and then they are fed to the Microcontroller. The software is developed in the Microcontroller such that It collects the data from the comparators and then drives the stepper motor either in the clock wise or in the anti clock wise direction.
- 4. Made by Zomeworks and UniRac Powered by a balancing material, usually Freon, shaded from and heated by sun Panels turn as vapor shifts from side to side
- 5. Made by Array Technologies (as Wattsun), SolarTrax, and Small Power Systems Power by electricity (usually directly from panels) Optical Light Sensor Timer
- 6. Block Diagram LIGHTING SYSTEM INTERFACE SENSOR 2 COMPA RATOR MICRO CONTROLLER SENSOR 1 BATTERY WATER PUMP STEPPER MOTOR BRUSH
- 7. Description Here, depending on the light that falls on both the sensors, there will be a slight potential difference and this causes the Microcontroller to drive the stepper motor till both the sensors gets the same light intensity and at this point of time the motor stops and thus indicates the correct location required by the software. When light falls on the sensor Sensors sensed the intensity of light and make stepper motor to trace the light source. In this two LDR's, micro controller, one comparator and stepper motor is used.
- 8. The solar PV modules are generally employed in dusty environments. the dust gets accumulated on the front surface of the module and blocks the incident light from the sun. It reduces the power generation capacity of the module. The power output reduces as much as by 50% if the module is not cleaned for a month. In order to regularly clean the dust, a sun tracking-cum-cleaning system has been designed
- 9. What is a Solar Cell? A structure that converts solar energy directly to DC electric energy. It supplies a voltage and a current to a resistive load (light, battery, motor). It is like a battery because it supplies DC power. 9
- 10. Hardware Used Solar Panel Micro Controller Sensors Comparator Battery Stepper Motor Brush
- 11. L LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. The general purpose photoconductive cell is also known as LDR – light dependent resistor. It is a type of semiconductor and its conductivity changes with proportional change in the intensity of light.
- 12. COMPARATOR In electronics, a comparator is a device that compares two voltages or currents and switches its output to indicate which is larger. They are commonly used in devices such as analog-to- digital converters (ADCs).
- 13. MICRO CONTROLLER A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications
- 14. Application of microcontroller Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls,office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems.
- 15. STEPPER MOTOR A stepper motor (or step motor) is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motor's position can then be commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any feedback sensor (an open-loop controller), as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application.
- 16. BATTERY A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. There are two types of batteries: primary batteries (disposable batteries), which are designed to be used once and discarded, and secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries), which are designed to be recharged and used multiple times.
- 17. Batteries come in many sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for telephone exchanges and computer data centers.
- 18. Components Specifications BATTERY 12V Standby use 13.5-13.8 V Cycle 14.4-15.0 V Initial current less than 0.39A DC Motor 12V
- 19. ROUGH ESTIMATION OF COST Battery 12v Rs 1000 Model Rs 3000 Microcontroller Rs 2700 Comparator Rs 1600 Water pump Rs 700 LDRs Rs 1400 Lightening system Rs 1900
- 20. SAILENT FEATURES Solar tracking system, when available, for production maximization . Performance calculation of the different stages. ABB patented Switching System for optimizing inverter efficiency. Integration of plant security and surveillance system. Production automatic reporting system.
- 21. ADVANTAGES: Makes the maximum utilization of solar energy. Device to track the light source. Works at good speed and consumes less energy. Easy to construct and install It is widely used by the power companies, solar monitoring stations, high voltage labs and in the R & D industries etc.
- 22. DISADVANTAGE Morning wake up Slow to react Sluggish in cold weather More expensive to ship Prone to wind gusts
- 23. Conclusion: The presented tracking-cum-cleaning scheme provides about 30% more energy output as compared to the flat PV module (module kept stationary on ground) and about 15% more energy output as compared to PV module with single axis tracking.
- 24. REFERENCES • Review of the Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems’, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells • ‘Analysis, Simulation and Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) • F. Boehinger, ‘Self Adaptive DC Converter for Solar Spacecraft Power Supply’, IEEE PDF file
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