SPEECH ACTS - SEMANTICS-.pdf
- 1. Speech Acts Fakultas Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan – Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang - 2022
- 2. Aiziyah Amini Idha Nur Latifah Sri Mulyani Rahayu Noviana Ikhsana Rambe Nurul Ayu Fiqih Sakila Shofwatun Najah
- 3. • Speech Acts • Act of Referring • Act of Assertion • Descriptive Fallacy • Performative Utterance • Constative Utterance • Performative Verb • Summary and Quiz
- 4. Speech Acts When someone expresses something, he does not only produce utterances containing grammatical structures and words, but he also performs an action through the utterances. Action performed by an utterance called speech acts. Example "You're fired!" (This utterance can be used by us as an action to fire someone from his current job).
- 5. When a speaker, in appropriate circumstances, makes an utterance containing a referring expression, he carries out a certain act, an act of referring. Referring is typically a linguistic act, but we shall see that it is possible to carry out all sorts of other acts using language. We will start with another obviously linguistic act, that of stating or asserting. Example "Fred hit me“ (The speaker has a particular person in mind "Fred" is a referring expression).
- 7. The view that the sole purpose of making assertions is to Describe some state of affairs. Another Example of Descriptive Fallacy: "I love you" (To reassure the hearer, or to console him, or to make him feel indebted, or to please him, etc). "You are fool!“ (To insult the hearer, or between intimates, to tease him, or to impress a by stander with one's directness of manner, etc).
- 8. One that actually describes the act that it performs, i.e. it PERFORMS some act and SIMULTANEOUSLY DESCRIBES that act.
- 9. One which makes an ASSERTION (i.e. it is often the utterance of a declarative sentence) but is NOT performative. Example : "I’m trying to get this box open with a screwdriver“ (It is a constative utterance, because it makes an assertion about a particular state of affairs, but is not performative, i.e. the utterance does not simultaneously describe and perform the same act).
- 10. One which, when used in a simple positive present tense sentence, with a 1st person singular subject, can make the utterance of that sentence performative. Example : • Sentence is a performative verb because, for example "I sentence you to be hanged by the neck" is a performative utterance. • Punish is not a performative verb because, for example "I punish you" is not a performative utterance.
- 11. Verbs that can be used to perform the acts they name: 1. I assert that John Jones has bad breath. 2. I ask who ate my porridge. 3. I order you to leave me alone. 4. I request that you leave me alone. 5. I threaten you that if you do that again, I'll punch you.
- 12. Words and sentences when uttered are used to do things, to carry out socially significant acts, in addition to merely describing aspects of the world. The notion of a performative illustrates this point in some rather special cases. In subsequent units, we will analyse in more detail the various characteristics of speech acts.
- 13. • Harford, J, R., Heasley, B., & Smith, M. B. (2007) Semantics A Course Book. • Mardiatun Nisa "Speech Acts" Slide Share, https://www.slideshare.net/mardiatunnisa1/speech-acts-67214278 • Janet Tibaldo "Interpersonal meaning" Slide Share, https://www.slideshare.net/janettie/interpersonal-meaning • Aza Anis "Interpersonal and non literal meaning: Speech Act" YouTube, https://youtu.be/AQeIsimE5Vs