Standard grade structure and function
- 1. Standard Grade PE Structure and Function
- 2. Structure – is how the parts of the body are put together. Function – is what the different parts do .
- 3. Muscles, Bones and Joints Muscles (2a4) are the parts of the body which hold us still or give us movement Muscles work in pairs Muscles only do work when they contract, when they shorten Bones Make up the skeleton which gives it shape and provides a rigid framework to support it Bones provide attachment of the tendons to the muscles and the ligaments to the joint
- 4. Muscles, Bones and Joints cont. Joints (2a9) are part of the skeleton A joint is where two bones meet They are the places where the skeleton can move but only with the help of the muscles Hinge joint Ball and socket
- 5. Ligaments, tendons etc . Ligaments A band of strong tissue which holds one end of the bone to another so the joint will not come apart. Tendon Joins muscles to the bone and are found at the end of the muscles Extension and flexion Movement of a body part away from the rest of the body into a stretched position and movement of a body part towards the rest of the body into a bent position.
- 6. Levers When a muscle contracts it shortens and the muscle’s tendons pull on the bone and the bone is used like a lever. The longer the lever is the more difficult it is to move. This is why long bones have large muscles attached to them.
- 7. Warm ups and cool downs Q - Why do we warm up before we take part in an activity? A - To raise the body temperature, to get the blood pumping around the body, to avoid the risk of injury. Q - Why do we warm down? A - It allows the heart rate to slowly return to normal, help avoid the build up of lactic acid that can cause muscle cramps.