STI Policies Highlights
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The document discusses innovation and national innovation systems. It defines innovation as the implementation of new products, processes, marketing methods, or organizational methods. Innovation requires dissemination and use to have an impact. A national innovation system consists of institutions in the public and private sectors that initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies. It is a set of interconnected institutions that create, store and transfer knowledge to define new technologies. Policy needs to address knowledge supply and demand, interactions between institutions, and firms' ability to learn and acquire technology.
![ .. the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose
activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new
technologies.[1]
.. the elements and relationships which interact in the
production, diffusion and use of new, and economically
useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted inside the
borders of a nation state.[2]
... a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative
performance ... of national firms.[3]
.. the national institutions, their incentive structures and their
competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological
learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities)
in a country.[4]
.. that set of distinct institutions which jointly and individually contribute
to the development and diffusion of new technologies and which
provides the framework within which governments form and implement
policies to influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of
interconnected institutions to create, store and transfer the
knowledge, skills and artefacts which define new technologies.[5]
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_innovation_system 2012
... a set of institutions whose
interactions determine the
innovative performance ... of
national firms.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sti-20policies-20highlights-upload-130624093305-phpapp02/85/STI-Policies-Highlights-10-320.jpg)
STI Policies Highlights
- 1. Highlights
- 2. Highlights ◦ Innovation ◦ Science and Innovation ◦ National Innovation System ◦ Best practices in STI policies ◦ Indicators and measures
- 4. Oslo Manual defines innovation as the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations. 3rd ed. Oslo Manual – Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, OECD, Paris, 2005
- 5. Innovation means technologies or practices that are new to a given society. They are not necessarily new in absolute terms. These technologies or practices are being diffused in that economy or society. This point is important: what is not disseminated and used is not an innovation. Dissemination is very significant and requires particular attention in low- and medium-income countries. Innovation is distinct from research and in fact need not result from it. Innovations come from the entrepreneurs who make them happen and ultimately depend on a society’s receptiveness. Source: Innovation Policy A Guide for Developing Countries, The world Bank, 2010
- 6. Problem Recognition Problem Solving (Invention) Solution Exploitation Innovation Copyrights © 2012 Jamil Alkhatib 6 "Anything that won't sell, I don't want to invent." Thomas Edison
- 8. MoneyKnowledge Copyrights © 2011 Jamil Alkhatib Innovation R&D
- 10. .. the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies.[1] .. the elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new, and economically useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state.[2] ... a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... of national firms.[3] .. the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities) in a country.[4] .. that set of distinct institutions which jointly and individually contribute to the development and diffusion of new technologies and which provides the framework within which governments form and implement policies to influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of interconnected institutions to create, store and transfer the knowledge, skills and artefacts which define new technologies.[5] Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_innovation_system 2012 ... a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... of national firms.
- 12. Source: Innovation Policy A Guide for Developing Countries, The world Bank, 2010
- 13. Source: Innovation Policy A Guide for Developing Countries, The world Bank, 2010
- 14. OECD Innovation Strategy is built around five priorities for government action: empowering people to innovate; unleashing innovation in firms; creating and applying knowledge; applying innovation to address global and social challenges; and improving the governance and measurement of policies for innovation.
- 15. Policy needs to address: ◦ Knowledge supply ◦ Interactions between different players ◦ Ability of firms to learn ◦ Institutional design ◦ Management of demand side ◦ Technology acquisition, imitation and adaptation Source: A Framework For Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Reviews, United Nations Conference on Trade And Development UNCTAD, 2011
- 19. 1. Government efforts in the 1960s and 1970s were largely inspired by a linear model of innovation and the idea that science and research needed to be pushed toward technological and industrial applications; many policy initiatives therefore aimed at supporting enterprises in their R&D efforts or at improving university industry collaboration. 2. a second generation in which innovation policy became more complex and aimed at facilitating interactions between the various actors and institutions involved in innovation processes: universities, research laboratories, banks for venture capital, and government agencies in charge of various sectors. 3. A third generation of innovation policy has appeared. It is inspired by a “whole-of government” approach, in which all departments are potentially concerned. Source: Innovation Policy A Guide for Developing Countries, The world Bank, 2010
- 21. Plantation Rainforest A different approach to innovation growth…
- 22. A new book by Victor W. Hwang and Greg Horowitt, 2011
- 25. Developed bottom up with top down support
Editor's Notes
- #7: - Story: Problem Identification- Story: Innovation / Change
- #11: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_innovation_system^ Freeman, C. (1995), “The National System of Innovation in Historical Perspective”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, No. 19, pp. 5–24^ Lundvall, B-Å. (ed.) (1992). National Innovation Systems: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, Pinter, London.^ Nelson, R. (ed.) (1993), National Innovation Systems. A Comparative Analysis, Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford.^ Patel, P. and K. Pavitt (1994), “The Nature and Economic Importance of National Innovation Systems”, STI Review, No. 14, OECD, Paris.^ Metcalfe, S. (1995), “The Economic Foundations of Technology Policy: Equilibrium and Evolutionary Perspectives”, in P. Stoneman (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford (UK)/Cambridge (US).