Summary
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This document provides guidance on writing summaries. It defines a summary as a condensed version of a text that includes only the main ideas. Summaries can be a single word, phrase, or several sentences. The document explains that summarizing is important for understanding information from sources like books, articles and websites that are used in research papers. It provides steps for writing a summary, including previewing a text to identify key elements, reading it at least twice, evaluating the ideas and organization, and writing a summary in your own words that is no more than 20% of the original length.
Summary
- 1. Summaries in Daily Life Unit 1, page 1 1
- 2. Definition 2
- 3. Definition • A condensed version of text that only includes the main ideas. • It may consist of : 1. A single word 2. A single phrase 3. Several sentences or paragraphs 3
- 4. Why Summaries ? 4
- 5. • The best way to understand any text is to condense it into its main points. • Before you can summarize, you must understand the information that you are condensing. 5
- 6. • Summarizing is important when you need to condense ideas from sources like: Books Articles Websites for a research paper. 6 Research Paper
- 7. Summary & Analysis • Summary and analysis assignments require you to express and analyze the main ideas of a text. 7
- 8. Points to Be Remembered • Summaries should be written in your own words • Should match the tone of the original text • Should make specific reference to the: Author Title Page(s) of the text • Should not include any of your opinions 8
- 9. 9 Steps to Summarizing
- 10. Preview • Title: A title usually condenses the main idea of the article. • Subtitle: The subtitle, caption, or any other words in large print under or next to the title may highlight important ideas 10
- 11. Preview • Headings and Subheadings: They break down the article into sections that relate to the author’s main idea. • First and last several paragraphs: The first and last several paragraphs often introduce and conclude the author’s argument or main point 11
- 12. Preview • Other Items: Bold-faced words, pictures, charts, or diagrams can “illustrate” main ideas. 12
- 13. Read • Read once through without stopping. • Do not focus on the details during your first reading. • Just try to understand the main idea. 13
- 14. Evaluate • Carefully read the text a second time. • Use the surrounding context to understand words that are unfamiliar. Use dictionary! 14
- 15. Evaluate 1. Look for definitions, examples, lists, tables, graphs, which indicate key terms. 2. Underline important ideas & circle key terms. 3. Note the main idea of each paragraph. 4. Find the author’s main point or argument of the whole entire text. 15
- 16. Organize 1. Start the summary with the title and author of the work. 2. Write the author’s main point or argument in your own words. 3. Write the remaining important ideas in your own words. • Do not include examples, statistics, specific details, and quotations, if possible. 1. Write the article’s conclusion in your own words. 2. Organize the summary similar to the original text’s organization 16
- 17. Check List • Make sure that the summary is no more than 20% of the original. • Do not use technical words from the original; use your own words as much as possible. • Do not include too many details from the original. • Do not plagiarize. Cite author and page numbers • Proofread. • Meet with a tutor at the Writing Center to receive feedback on your summary. 17