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Chapter 08 - The Supervisor as Leader
8-1
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
Chapter 08 The Supervisor as Leader
Multiple Choice
[QUESTION]
1. Leading is the management function of:
A. influencing people to act or not act in a certain way.
B. seeking direction.
C. implementing ideas.
D. setting up groups and allocating resources.
Answer: A
Page: 207
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
2. Which of the following is true about managers and/or leaders?
A. A manager inspires achievement.
B. A leader seeks and follows directions.
C. A leader focuses on initiating ideas and getting them started.
D. A manager inspires willingness by instilling in employees a sense of common purpose, a
belief that together they can achieve something worthwhile.
Answer: C
Page: 207
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
3. A(n) _____ refers to the belief that an individual is the primary cause of what happens to
him/herself.
A. individualistic orientation
B. tolerance for ambiguity
C. polycentric notion
D. internal locus of control
Answer: D
Page: 208
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
4. Stella supervises 12 cashiers at ABC Grocers. Lately, the cashiers have had several instances
of substantial cash shortages, because Stella has not been verifying their initial cash amounts.
When approached by her manager about this situation, Stella replied, “The cashiers are lazy and
just do not care.” Which of the following traits is Stella exhibiting?
A. Sense of humor
B. External locus of control

8-2
C. Empathy
D. Sense of responsibility
Answer: B
Page: 208
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
5. People who blame others or events beyond their control when something goes wrong are said
to have a(n):
A. external locus of control.
B. democratic leadership style.
C. internal locus of control.
D. authoritarian leadership style.
Answer: A
Page: 208
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
6. The leadership style in which the leader allows subordinates to participate in decision making
and problem solving is known as:
A. authoritarian leadership style.
B. laissez-faire leadership style.
C. democratic leadership style.
D. dictatorial leadership style.
Answer: C
Page: 209
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
7. In which of the following leadership styles is the leader uninvolved and lets the subordinates
direct themselves?
A. Authoritarian leadership
B. Democratic leadership
C. Laissez-faire leadership
D. Dictatorial leadership
Answer: C
Page: 210
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
8. A leader who focuses on the jobs to be done and the goals to be accomplished is:
A. empathetic.
B. people-oriented.
C. using a laissez-faire leadership style.
D. task-oriented.

8-3
Answer: D
Page: 210
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
9. Rules followed by Marine Corps officers are “never eat before your troops eat” and “never ask
your troops to do something you wouldn’t do.” This is an example of _____ leadership.
A. authoritarian
B. people-oriented
C. task-oriented
D. laissez-faire
Answer: B
Page: 210
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
10. According to the Managerial Grid, productivity, job satisfaction, and creativity are highest
with a _____ style of leadership.
A. country club management
B. authority–compliance
C. middle-of-the-road management
D. team management
Answer: D
Page: 211
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
11. Which of the following statements about the country club management style of leadership is
true?
A. Efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human
elements interfere to a minimum degree.
B. Adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out
work with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level.
C. Interdependence through a “common stake” in organization purpose leads to relationships of
trust and respect.
D. Thoughtful attention to needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable,
friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo.
Answer: D
Page: 211
Difficulty: Medium

8-4
[QUESTION]
12. Which style of leadership is being followed when exertion of minimum effort to get the
required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership?
A. Middle-of-the-road management
B. Impoverished management
C. Country club management
D. Authority–compliance
Answer: B
Page: 211
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
13. According to which theory should leaders adjust the degree of task and relationship behavior
in response to the growing maturity of their followers?
A. Life cycle theory of leadership
B. Fiedler’s contingency theory of leadership
C. Path–goal theory of leadership
D. X and Y theory of leadership
Answer: A
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
14. In the initial stages, when the followers have not acquired the required maturity which of the
following combinations of task and relationship behavior should a leader opt for?
A. High task and low relationship behavior
B. High task and high relationship behavior
C. Low task and high relationship behavior
D. Low task and low relationship behavior
Answer: A
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
15. The _____ theory of leadership suggests that the primary activities of a leader are to make
desirable and achievable rewards available to organization members who attain organizational
objectives and to clarify the kinds of behavior that must be performed to earn those rewards.
A. contingency
B. X and Y
C. life cycle
D. path–goal
Answer: D
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium

8-5
[QUESTION]
16. _____ behavior involves telling followers what to do and how they are to do it.
A. Supportive
B. Directive
C. Participative
D. Achievement
Answer: B
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
17. Participative behavior involves:
A. telling followers what to do and how they are to do it.
B. setting a challenging goal for a follower to meet, and expressing confidence that the follower
can meet this challenge.
C. seeking input from followers about methods for improving business operations.
D. recognizing that above all, followers are human beings.
Answer: C
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
18. _____ behavior involves setting a challenging goal for a follower to meet, and expressing
confidence that the follower can meet this challenge.
A. Supportive
B. Directive
C. Participative
D. Achievement
Answer: D
Page: 214
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
19. Which style of leadership involves putting other people’s needs, aspirations, and interests
above one’s own?
A. Top-down hierarchical leadership
B. Authoritarian leadership
C. Entrepreneurial leadership
D. Servant leadership
Answer: D
Page: 214
Difficulty: Medium

8-6
[QUESTION]
20. _____ is based on the attitude that the leader is self-employed.
A. Traditional leadership
B. Transformational leadership
C. Entrepreneurial leadership
D. Servant leadership
Answer: C
Page: 214
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
21. When the supervisor involves employees in making decisions, he or she cannot always be
sure of the outcomes. Supervisors differ in their level of comfort with this uncertainty, which
refers to their:
A. personal leadership strengths.
B. level of confidence in employees.
C. tolerance for ambiguity.
D. knowledge and experience.
Answer: C
Page: 216
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
22. In choosing a leadership style, one needs to consider values, level of confidence in
employees, and tolerance for ambiguity. These attributes describe:
A. situation characteristics.
B. leader characteristics.
C. subordinate characteristics.
D. manager characteristics.
Answer: B
Page: 215
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
23. Which of the following is a subordinate characteristic in choosing a leadership style?
A. Knowledge and experience
B. Time available
C. Effectiveness of the group
D. Values
Answer: A
Page: 215
Difficulty: Medium

8-7
[QUESTION]
24. In choosing a leadership style, one needs to consider the type of organization and the
effectiveness of the group. These attributes describe:
A. situation characteristics.
B. manager characteristics.
C. subordinate characteristics.
D. leader characteristics.
Answer: A
Page: 215
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
25. If a department, team, or other work group has little experience in making its own decisions,
the supervisor:
A. should use a democratic leadership style.
B. may find that an authoritarian approach is easier to use.
C. may effectively use a participatory decision-making approach.
D. should delegate decisions to groups.
Answer: B
Page: 218
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
26. People who want a lot of direction will most likely welcome _____ leadership.
A. laissez-faire
B. collaborative
C. servant
D. authoritarian
Answer: D
Page: 216
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
27. Employees who are eager to assume responsibility will most likely appreciate _____
leadership.
A. dominant
B. bureaucratic
C. authoritarian
D. laissez-faire
Answer: D
Page: 216
Difficulty: Easy

8-8
[QUESTION]
28. Organizations that use self-managing work teams generally encourage a variety of employee
characteristics that are associated with the successful use of democratic leadership and a low
degree of:
A. task-oriented behavior.
B. people-oriented behavior.
C. relations-oriented behavior.
D. community-oriented behavior.
Answer: A
Page: 217
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
29. A structured task—that is, one with a set procedure to follow—is best managed by a(n):
A. relations-oriented leader.
B. authoritarian leader.
C. people-oriented leader.
D. democratic leader.
Answer: B
Page: 218
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
30. A manager should use a relatively democratic leadership style only when:
A. enough time is available.
B. a task is structured.
C. decisions need to be made quickly.
D. a work group has little experience in making its own decisions.
Answer: A
Page: 218
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
31. Which of the following statements is true of coaches?
A. They delegate responsibility to carry out operations.
B. They are unwilling to share authority.
C. They are a good analogy for an authoritarian leadership style.
D. They impose their own style of doing things on people.
Answer: A
Page: 219
Difficulty: Medium

8-9
[QUESTION]
32. Which of the following statements is true of a supervisor’s relationship with his/her
employees?
A. A supervisor should be friends with employees and involve them in his/her personal life.
B. Today’s supervisor commands rather than empowers employees.
C. A supervisor should treat employees in a way that reflects his/her role as a part of
management.
D. A supervisor who is feared by employees will inspire them to work harder and better and
thereby yield faster results.
Answer: C
Page: 219
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
33. When the supervisor listens carefully and shares pertinent information, and employees do not
think the supervisor is hiding something from them, then the supervisor is:
A. being authoritative.
B. breaching the code of secrecy.
C. being a patronizing leader.
D. building trust.
Answer: D
Page: 221
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
34. The efforts to learn about and match the style of one’s manager are often called:
A. managing down.
B. managing up.
C. managing others.
D. managing change.
Answer: B
Page: 222
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
35. Mark knows that a co-worker has done something that is not in the company’s best interest.
Mark should:
A. go directly to that co-worker and point out the problem.
B. ignore the situation and hope the co-worker does not do it again.
C. tell his boss immediately.
D. inform his other co-workers.
Answer: A
Page: 223
Difficulty: Medium

8-10
True/False
[QUESTION]
36. Internal locus of control is the belief that an individual is the primary cause of what happens
to him/her.
Answer: True
Page: 208
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
37. With authoritarian leadership, the supervisor allows employees to participate in decision
making and problem solving.
Answer: False
Page: 209
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
38. James supervises a staff of highly-trained chemical research scientists. Thus, he does not get
involved and allows the scientists to do what they want. He is using a laissez-faire leadership
style.
Answer: True
Page: 210
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
39. At the opposite extreme from authoritarian leadership is democratic leadership.
Answer: False
Page: 210
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
40. Most organizations expect that their supervisors can combine some degree of task orientation
with some degree of people orientation.
Answer: True
Page: 210
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
41. Position power refers to the extent to which the leader has the support and loyalty of group
members.
Answer: False
Page: 212
Difficulty: Medium

8-11
[QUESTION]
42. Task structure describes any specified procedures that employees should follow in carrying
out the task.
Answer: True
Page: 212
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
43. If a situation involves good leader–member relations, a structured task, and strong position
power, the situation calls for a leader who is people oriented.
Answer: False
Page: 212
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
44. Fiedler’s contingency model assumes that the leader’s behavior should adapt to the situation.
Answer: False
Page: 212
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
45. According to the path-goal theory of leadership, leaders should adjust their degree of task
and relationship behavior in response to the growing maturity of their followers.
Answer: False
Page: 213
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
46. Supportive behavior involves telling followers what to do and how they are to do it.
Answer: False
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
47. Achievement behavior involves seeking input from followers about methods for improving
business operations.
Answer: False
Page: 213
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
48. Ideally, a leader should assign a task that is challenging enough to stretch the follower, but
not so challenging that the follower will be unable to complete the task.
Answer: True

8-12
Page: 214
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
49. The servant leaders’ primary task is to lead rather than serve the people around them.
Answer: False
Page: 214
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
50. Entrepreneurial leadership is based on the attitude that the leader is working for an employer.
Answer: False
Page: 214
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
51. One common characteristic of good leaders is the ability to act as a good role model.
Answer: True
Page: 215
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
54. The more confidence the supervisor has in employees, the more he or she will involve them
in planning and decision making.
Answer: True
Page: 215-216
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
55. Women, as a rule, bring the same set of values and experiences to the workplace as men.
Answer: False
Page: 216
Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]
53. Employees who are tolerant of ambiguity will accept a leadership style that gives them more
say in solving problems.
Answer: True
Page: 216
Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]
52. People who want a lot of direction will welcome democratic leadership.
Answer: False
Page: 216

Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents

Fig. 370.—Fragment of a sandal with
silver-plated rivets. ⅓ real size.
Fig. 371.—Ornament of bronze for
wooden scabbard, with inscription
in earlier runes. Real size.

Fig. 372.—
Bronze
ornamentation
for scabbard,
plated with
silver and
gold. ½ real
size.

Fig. 373.—
Scabbard of
wood, with
bronze
mounting.
Fig. 374.
—
Embosse
d
mounting
of a
scabbard
strap,
silver-
plated,
the whole
centre
inlaid
with a
thin gold
plate.

Fig. 375.—A
bridle of
bronze, the
end-piece
plated with
silver and
gold. ½ real
size.
Fig. 376.—Silver-plated
bronze buckle.

Supervision Concepts and Skill-Building 8th Edition Certo Test Bank

Fig. 377.—Bronze mounting on horses’
head-gear, apparently plated.
Fig. 378.—
Shield
boss with
silver top.
Fig. 379.—Mountings to leather straps with
svastica and gilt knobs.

Fig. 380.—
Bronze and
silver-plated
mounting for
leather used
on horses’
head-gear.
Fig. 381.

Fig. 384.
Iron axe-heads. ⅓ real size.
Vimose Bog Find.—The explorations in the Vimose bog,[161]
situated
about five miles from Odense, Fyen, commenced in 1848, and since
that time 3,600 objects have been gathered together, all of which
were found in a space of 9,000 square feet. Sometimes there
seemed to be a certain order in the way in which the articles had
been sunk, for all the ring armour was together, and a number of
small articles had been placed inside a shield-boss, while other
articles were surrounded with broad bands of cloth. Many of the
objects here were also badly damaged. Only one coin has been
found, i.e. a silver denarius of the time of the Empress Faustina
Junior (d. 175), with “Pudicitia” on its reverse. The number of single
and double-edged swords, many of which are in tolerably good
preservation, is 67. The single-edged swords, between 15¾ and 24
inches long, are simply welded, sometimes having ornaments traced
on the blade, and several of these were still in their wooden
scabbards when found. The double-edged swords vary in size from
about 19 or 20 inches, to 35 or 36 inches. On several are factory
stamps—a star-shaped sign on one side of the blade near the

tongue or hilt point, and a ring-shaped figure on the sides of the hilt
points, a mark which looks rather like a scorpion; in one stamp are
Latin letters, which are somewhat difficult to decipher. Many are
welded or forged from two united blades, while others are made of a
single blade and have no factory mark. Fourteen are damascened in
different patterns.
VIMOSE FIND.
Fig. 385.—One of four bronze buckles,
enamelled in red, green, and blue, the
inside borders of black mosaic enamel. ⅔
real size.

Fig. 386.—
Sax, or
single-
edged
sword. ¼
real size.
Fig. 387.
—
Damasce
ned sax.
¼ real
size.

Fig. 388.—Bent
sax, or single-
edged sword.
¼ real size.
Fig. 389.—
Single-
edged sax
or iron

sword. ¼
real size.
Fig. 390.
Fig. 391.
Sax, or
single-

edged
swords,
one in
wooden
scabbard.
¼ real
size.
In this remarkable find several enamelled objects have been
discovered. This art appears to have been unknown to the nations of
classical antiquity. There is no word for it in Greek or Latin.
Philostratus,[162]
when describing a wild boar hunt, mentions the
beauty and fine colour of the harness of the horses, and, when
stating how these colours were produced, mentions that they were
made by the barbarians living on the shores of the ocean.
Fig. 392.—Griffon’s head,
ornament belonging to
helmet of bronze. Real size.
This description may very well refer to the people of the North, the
great splendour of whose riding gear and chariots we see from the
finds and sagas.

Fig. 393.—Fragments of ring-
armour of hammered iron. Real
size.
Fig. 394.—Bronze mounting, plated with
gold silver, and belonging to ring-armour.
Real size.

Fig. 395.—
Remains of
ring-armour of
iron, with
traces of gold
plating. ½ real
size.
Fig. 396.

Fig. 397.
Fig. 398.
Spurs, one of bronze, with iron point; the
others of iron.

Fig. 399.—Wheel. 1
20
real size.
Fig. 400.—Man’s head on a piece of
bronze covered with a thin gold plate.
Real size.

Fig. 401.—Ferrule of silver for hilt plated
with gold. Real size.
Fig. 402.—Parts of a wooden plane. ⅓ real
size.

Fig. 403.—
Shoulder-strap
of leather, with
bronze button
and design of
dolphin. About
⅐ real size.
Fig. 404.—Silver
ornament plated

with gold. Real
size.
Fig. 405.—Fragment
of wooden shield
with gilt-headed
nails.

Fig. 406.—Silver-
plated bronze
ornament.
Fig. 407.—
Silver
mounting to
scabbard.
Real size.

Fig.
408.—
Silver
mountin
g for
scabbar
d. ½
real
size.
Fig. 409.—One
of 1,000
spears, inlaid
with
concentric
circles. ⅓ real
size.

Fig. 410.—
One of 1,000
spears. ⅓
real size.
Over 1,000 spears were found; the handles of most of them were
broken off, but five have been preserved complete; these are 8 feet
7⅔ inches long, 9 feet 2 inches long 9 feet long, 11 feet long, and
6½ feet long. The handles are made of ash, and some spears are
ornamented with threads of gold, silver or bronze inlaid in concentric
circles; sometimes ornaments are traced up the middle of the blade,
and originally these also were filled with some kind of metal.
Fig. 411.—Crocodile’s head carved in wood.
Real size.

Fig. 412.—Brynja, or coat of
mail, 3 feet long.
Fig. 413.—Bone comb with svastica. ½ real
size.
Fig. 414.—Fragments of checker-board. ⅙ real
size.
VIMOSE FIND.

Fig. 415.—Bronze enamelled bowl (1867),
2¾ in. high, 4¾ in. wide, in bog at
Maltbœk, Jutland. The enamel in the
serpentine line is red.
Kragehul Find.—In a small bog called Kragehul, situated near the
city of Assens on Fyen, objects have been found which seem to
belong to the 4th or 5th century. The first mention of the Kragehul
bog is in 1751, when some articles with rune inscriptions were
found, which, unfortunately, have been lost, but it was not until
1864 that a regular exploration took place.[163]
KRAGEHUL FIND.
Fig. 416.—Bundle of bent weapons.

Fig. 417.—Bronze vessel destroyed by
sword cuts. ⅕ real size.
Fig. 418.
Fig. 419.
Iron spears with ornaments carved on the wooden
handles. ½ real size.
Fig. 420.—Spear, ½ real size.

Fig. 421.—Spear, ⅓ real size.
The antiquities, none of which are of Roman origin, seem to have
been thrown in without any order, but spears with thin iron points on
the end formed the boundary of the find.
In this as in the other bog finds, weapons are twisted together in
extraordinary knots and many objects destroyed.
The Nydam Bog Find.—The remarkable bog find at Nydam[164]
is
extremely valuable on account of the boat, and the discovery of
Roman coins enables us to approximate the date of the objects,[165]
which is probably about the years 250 and 300 of our era.
The Nydam oak boat was discovered in 1863 near Slesvig, in
Southern Jutland. Its length is about 75 feet; its widest part, about
10½ feet. It held 14 benches, and was rowed with 28 oars, the
average length of which was 12 feet. By its side was the rudder,
about 10 feet long.
The bottom plank, which is not a keel proper, is 45 feet 3 inches
long, and of a single piece. The oar-tholes are fastened to the
gunwales with bast ropes, and, though they have all one general
shape, there are no two alike.
Fig. 422.

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