Sustainability Computation of Buildings using Real Time Data: Pre-Construction Phase
- 1. ACCEI Institute & ACCE (I) Bangalore Center Sustainable Engineering Series (SES) Talk 5
- 2. 2 This presentation contains general and academic data compiled from several sources including internet media, scholarly articles from research field and reference books from reputed authors. Presenter profoundly acknowledges their contribution and assures that this presentation is meant only for knowledge distribution and not for any commercial gain. Acknowledgement
- 3. FoM values are graphically represented to determine the sustainability quadrant and sustainability ranges within which materials fall by plotting FoM against other critical material parameters. Figure of Merit (FoM) ZC = E / ρ x Cm x 1 / Ca Finding Material Suitability using Figure of Merit (FoM) Where: E = Modulus of Elasticity in GPa ρ = Density of material in Kg / m3 Cm = Cost of material per m3 Ca = Cost of construction per m2 Figure of Merit (FoM)
- 4. 4 Built Environment Interactions Construction Materials Embodied Energy Greenhouse Gasses I1 I2I3 I I = I1 + I2 + I3 Synergy Effect
- 5. Sustainability Interaction Model EE GHGs Material SDI I1= √ (ZC x EEC x TEC) I2= √ (ZC x ECC x TEC x µ) I3= √ (ZC x EEC x ECC x TEC) SDI = I = I1 + I2 + I3 I1= Interaction between EE - Materials I2= Interaction between Materials-GHG I3= Interaction between GHG - EE Interaction Equations I3 I2 I1 I
- 6. Computation using Sustainability Development Index (SDI) It is seen (from the previous session) that higher SDI % in case of an individual parameter represents higher interaction value and hence lower sustainability. SDI Methodology provide us clarity on: Performance of individual Sub-systems Overall impact of a WBS during Pre-construction Information in respect of selection of suitable alternative materials from recyclability, embodied energy or embodied carbon perspective. Selection of materials using the concept of Figure of Merit Ranking a building in terms of sustainability assessment beyond criteria based evaluation. How do we go about?
- 7. Establishing Baselines Benchmarking of buildings provide a set of measurable baseline values that can be compared with real time performance values of a building to be assessed for Sustainability. This comparison facilitates optimizing the overall performance of a building under assessment. Real time performance values, as compared to baseline values, provide an indication of sustainability level of a building in relative terms and expresses in %.
- 8. Buildings for Benchmarking purpose may change from time to time due to improved methodologies and technologies and materials. Benchmark building selected for comparison should be validated or compared with the available data / research Benchmark Building and the Building to be assessed for Sustainability should belong to same typology. Energy Performance Benchmarking Process
- 9. Input-output Metrics to Be Clearly Defined For Comparison As per : ISO 21931-1; 2010; Baseline Values to be used while assessing sustainability levels in buildings.
- 10. SUB-SYSTEMS EE MJ/SQM Concrete Works 1727.97 Steel works 708.26 Block masonry 445.52 Plastering and Mortar 17.84 Doors Wooden 60.80 Windowds Wood 98.41 Flooring 183.97 Painting 8.05 Formwork 257.45 Water Proofing 14.35 3522.62 Benchmark Building Embodied Energy Computation E S TA B L I S H E D B A S E L I N E VA L U E 3522.62 MJ / m2
- 11. Benchmark Building Embodied Carbon Computation Sub-Systems KgCO2 / Kg Concrete Works 180.73 Steel works 60.99 Block masonry 22.77 Plastering and Mortar 3.2 Doors Wooden 5.09 Windowds Wood 8.23 Flooring 12.25 Painting 0.74 Formwork (Conve.) 20.72 Water Proofing 1.31 316.03 E S TA B L I S H E D B A S E L I N E V A L U E 316.03 KgCO2 / m2
- 12. SDI% Concrete Works 8.25 Steel works 44.60 Block masonry 0.83 Plastering 0.06 Doors 1.53 Windowds 2.44 Flooring 8.95 Painting 0.06 Formwork 33.18 Water Proofing 0.1 100 Benchmark Building Interaction Value Computation MEAN SDI of (I1+I2+I3) = (9705.9+17122.21)/2= 13414 (from the Tabulation)
- 13. Established Baseline Values and Validation Embodied Energy: 3522.62 MJ / m2 Embodied Carbon: 316.03 kgCO2 / m2 Mean Interaction : 13414 / m2 LEED Certification Credits IGBC Green Homes Certification SDI Percentage : 100 %
- 14. 14 2001: Energy Conservation Act ( ECA) 2001 2001: Establishment of IGBC with CII 2002: Formation of BEE under ECA 2001. 2006: Integrated Energy Policy Draft 2006: Ministry of Environment and Forests makes Environment Assessment mandatory for buildings with area > 20,000 sqm. 2007: Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2007: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) was adopted as the national rating system for green buildings in India. 2008: National Action Plan on Climate Change launched; Integrated Energy Policy 2008 approved. 2014: Announcement of Smart Cities programme 2015: Paris Agreement signed by India under UN. 2016: Announcement of First 20 Smart Cities 2016: NBC 2016 included ‘Approach to Sustainability Chapter
- 15. Bhutan, the only Carbon Negative Country in the World. Antarctica is losing 150 Billion Tons of ice every year. A scenario and CO2 concentration maintained at 450 ppm – Blue Scenario One matured tree will absorb 1 ton of CO2 in its life time of about 40 years Burning carbon rich coal of 1 ton, emits 3.7 tons of CO2. 1 kWh (1 Unit) is responsible for 0.94 kg of CO2 emission. A scenario and CO2 concentration maintained at 450 ppm – Blue Scenario A grown up tree gives about 120 kg of O2 and absorbs 25 kg of CO2 per year Man needs 550 liters (0.54 m3) of O2 per day or 0.84 kg / day Man needs 8 matured trees to survive for one year.
- 16. Residential : 17 Floors: RCC Frame Total Area: 25076 m2 Envelope : SCB + Tile Cladding Internal Walls: SCBs Flooring : Vitrified + Wood+ Granite + Natural Stone + Ceramic Joinery : Wood / UPVC / Ply Formwork : Conventional Water Proofing : Membrane Type Climatic Region: Warm + Humid Seismic Zone : II Green Rating : YES No alternative energy source RMC – M20 to M40 Salient Features: ? SDI Analysis Based on Real-time Data
- 17. 17 Computation of EE / m2 (Tot. Area=25076 sqm) Total Qty EE Total EE Kgs MJ / kg MJ Reinforced Concrete Cum 10800.00 0.43 1033.66 1.96 2025.97 Plain Concrete Cum 1215.00 0.05 116.29 1.96 227.92 VDF Concrete 100 mm th Cum 2510.00 0.10 240.23 1.96 470.85 Reinforcement (Fe 500) MT 986.00 0.04 39.32 21.60 849.32 Concrete Block Masonry Cum 4276.00 0.17 306.94 0.59 181.09 Plaster(CM 1:6) Cum 1179.00 0.05 82.75 1.80 148.95 Wooden Doors Cum 103.00 0.00 3.49 10.40 36.31 UPVC Windows / Doors Sqm 2810.00 0.11 1600.00 179.29 Ceramic tiling Cum 118.00 0.00 9.41 10.00 94.11 Granite Tiling Cum 22.00 0.00 2.53 11.00 27.79 Natural Slate stone Cum 178.00 0.01 17.75 2.00 35.49 Steel Works MT 210.00 0.01 10 27.10 271.00 Painting works(3 coats) Sqm 68710.00 2.74 14.32 39.24 Formwork Conventional Sqm 65198.00 2.60 229.00 595.40 Membrane Water proofing Sqm 5219.00 0.21 14.32 2.98 5185.73 PRIMARY PARAMETERS For following items EE is in MJ / m2 Unit Qty Qty Per m2 Total EE = 5185.73 MJ / m 2 = 5.2 GJ / m 2
- 18. Sub-Systems MJ / Sqm Concrete Works 2724.74 Steel works 1120.33 Block masonry 181.09 Plastering 148.95 Doors 36.31 UPVC Windowds/Doors 179.29 Flooring 157.40 Painting 39.24 Formwork Conventional 595.40 Water Proofing 2.98 5185.73 Embodied Energy Distribution What Does It Mean? Total EE component = 25076 m2 x 5186 MJ / Sqm = 13 Cr. MJ ( R/O) @ 1MJ = 0.28 kWh ; = 3.64 Cr. Units & @ Rs. 8 / unit = 29.12 cr. This Building has EE component worth 29.12 cr. Benchmark value : 3522.62 MJ/sqm. Approximate saving 9 cr.
- 19. 19 Total Qty EC TOT ECe kgs CO2e/ kg kg CO2e Reinforced Concrete Cum 10800.00 0.43 1033.66 0.205 211.90 Plain Concrete Cum 1215.00 0.05 116.29 0.205 23.84 VDF Concrete 100 mm th Cum 2510.00 0.10 240.23 0.205 49.25 Reinforcement (Fe 500) MT 986.00 0.04 39.32 1.860 73.14 Concrete Block Masonry Cum 4276.00 0.17 306.94 0.063 19.34 Plaster(CM 1:6) Cum 1179.00 0.05 82.75 0.130 10.76 Wooden Doors Cum 103.00 0.00 3.49 0.870 3.04 UPVC Windows / Doors Sqm 2810.00 0.11 87.00 9.75 Ceramic tiling Cum 118.00 0.00 9.41 0.700 6.59 Granite Tiling Cum 22.00 0.00 2.53 0.700 1.77 Natural Slate stone Cum 178.00 0.01 17.75 0.13 2.31 Steel Works MT 210.00 0.01 10 2.030 20.30 Painting works(3 coats) Sqm 68710.00 2.74 1.31 3.59 Formwork Conventional Sqm 65198.00 2.60 18.43 47.92 Membrane Water proofing Sqm 5219.00 0.21 1.31 0.27 483.75 PRIMARYPARAMETERS Unit Qty Qty / m2 For following items EC is in kgCO2e / m2 Computation of EC / m2 (Tot. Area = 25076 sqm) Total EC = 483.75 kgCO2 / m 2
- 20. KgCO2 / m2 Concrete Works 284.99 Steel works 93.44 Block masonry 19.34 Plastering 10.76 Doors 3.04 UPVC Windows 9.75 Flooring 10.65 Painting 3.59 Formwork 47.92 Water Proofing 0.27 483.75 Concrete Works 59% Steel works 19% Block masonry 4% Plastering 2% Doors 1% UPVC Joinery 2% Flooring 2% Painting 1% Formwork 10% Water Proofing 0% EC Distribution What Does It Mean? Embodied Carbon Distribution Total EC component = 25076 m2 x 483.75 KgCO2 / Sqm = 12212012 kgCO2e @ 1 kgCO2e = 0.94 kWh ; = 11479291.28 kWh & @ Rs. 8/ unit rate = 9.20 cr. This Building has EC component worth 9.20 cr. Benchmark value : 316 KgCO2 /sqm. Approximate saving 3.5 cr.
- 21. SDI% Concrete Works 7.4 Steel works 41.5 Block masonry 0.5 Plastering 0.4 Doors 0.5 UPVC Windowds+Doors 1.3 Flooring 5.1 Painting 0.2 Formwork 43.2 Waterproofing 0.04 100.0 7% 1% 1% 1% 5% 0% Formwork 43.2 % Steel work 42% SDI Distribution % Mean Interaction Value = I = (L:16978 + H:30292) / 2 = 23635 as compared to Benchmark value is 13414. It means that there is a potential to reduce the impact by almost 50%. Note: Mean Interaction Values of each subsystem are compared with that of the whole system and SDI is expressed in %
- 23. Sustainability Classification in Buildings Non Sustainable Highly Sustainable Moderately Sustainable Least Sustainable STANDARD MEASURES EE (GJ/m2 ) EC (kgCO2e/m2 ) SDI % MeanValue 5.19 474.30 53.8 Standard Deviation(SD) 0.40 31.00 12.52 Variance % 7.70 6.50 23.30 Baseline Values 3.52 316.00 100.00 Range Values 4.79-5.59 443.3-505.3 41.3-66.3 Sustainability Classification of Buildings is taken as + / - 15% with respect to Baseline Values and Variance lines. Upper limit is based on international computations based on climatic regions.
- 24. EE - SUSTAINABILITY RANGE CLUSTER OF PROJECTS URBAN SCENARIO
- 25. 25 EC - SUSTAINABILITY RANGE CLUSTER OF PROJECTS URBAN SCENARIO
- 26. 26 SDI - SUSTAINABILITY RANGE CLUSTER OF PROJECTS URBAN SCENARIO
- 27. NON SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE Embedded Energies (EE + EC) Material Suitability Material Classification Building Classification Building Clusters Classification Larger Community / Society