SYMPO@KSR.pptx that is about the e vehicle model
- 1. Presentation on Electric Vehicles PRESENTED BY GOKULPRASANNA T & BHARANIDHARAN K
- 2. CONTENTS • History • Working of EV • Types of EVs • Comparison • Li-Ion Batteries • Major Challenges for electrification of vehicles • Customer Feedback for EVs • Usage of EVs by various countries • TESLA:AREVOLUTION IN EV • Conclusion
- 3. History of Electric Vehicles • It is hard to pinpoint the invention of electric car to one inventor or country, instead it was a series of breakthroughs from battery to electric motors in 1800’s that led to the first electric vehicle on the road. • It was Henry Ford’s mass produced Model T that dealt blow to electric car. By that time the gasoline car cost was $650 and electric car cost was $1,750. • In India, the concept of electric vehicles was unveiled under ‘National Electric Mobility Mission Plan(NEMMP) 2020’in 2013 to address the issues of energy security and vehicle pollution. • In 2001, the first ever electric car ‘Reva’was launched in India by Reva Electric Car Company (now known as Mahindra Electric).
- 4. Working of Electric Vehicles The electric vehicle power source is a battery which supplies theelectric motor with energy necessary to movethevehicle. The controller actsasa regulator and controls the amountof power received from the batteriesso the motordoes not burnout. Since the electric vehicles use an electric motor the driver can take advantage of motor’s momentum when pressure is applied on the brakes. Instead of converting all the potential energy in the motor into heat like a fossil fuel powered car does, an electric car uses the forward momentum of the motor to recharge the battery. This process is known as regenerative braking.
- 5. TYPES OF EVs Hybrid Electric Vehicles • HEVs are powered by both petrol and electricity. HEVs start off using the electric motor, then the petrol engine cuts in as load or speed rises. The two motors are controlled by an internal computer which ensures the best economy for driving conditions. HEVs can recharge the battery through regenerative braking . Example: Honda Civic Hybrid,Audi Q7. Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles • These vehicles use electricity as main source of energy. The combustion engine is set-on when the charging of battery reaches minimum level. Recharging the battery can be done by regenerative braking as well as plugging in the charger . Example: Toyota Prius. Battery Electric Vehicles • They are only powered by electricity and do not have a petrol engine, fuel tank or exhaust pipe. They are also known as plug in EVs. Example: BMW i3.
- 6. Comparison Parameters Electric Vehicles Conventional Vehicles Energy From electricity produced by batteries By combustion of Fuel. Price Higher due to usage of expensive batteries and higher maintenance Cheaper due to more availability and feasibility of resources Pollution Does not produce harmful emissions and contributes in clean air Produces harmful carbon emissions Running Cost Running cost per km is Rs 1.5 Diesel per Km running cost is 4 to 4.5 and petrol per km running cost is 6.5 where as for CNG it is 3 to 3.5
- 7. Comparison Parameters Electric Vehicles Conventional Vehicles No. of Components 30 3000 Maintenance Cost 1. Accident repairs results in replacement of entire parts such as body shell, motor and battery assemblies. 2. The amount of man power required, yet, is not skilled. 1. The spare parts of the vehicle are easily available in the market and results in replacement of only the damaged part. 2. The skilled man power is available. Infrastructure The infrastructure in not developed at a stage where the vehicles can be used commercially by all. Developed infrastructure, where the consumer can avail the required service at any place.
- 8. Lithium Ion Batteries • Lithium is abundantly available in the world. The battery can be recycled. • Range The electric vehicle covers a range of 8 kms per Kwh of Li-ion battery. The Mahindra e2o uses 11-16 Kwh battery for range of 120 kms. • Cost In 2010, the Li-ion batteries cost around $700/Kwh which reduced to $145/Kwh in 2016. It is estimated to reach $120/Kwh by 2020. In 2010, for the range of 40 mi(64 kms), the pack of batteries cost $12,000 , whereas, it was $3600. In 2015, It reached $1500 by 2020. In India, due to high cost of Li-ion batteries, finance is one of major problems and also warrants a much higher purchase demand. • Charging Time The Mahindra e2o takes around 5 to 8 hrs to charge its 11-16 Kwh battery. • Efficiency The batteries can work upto 10+ years and over 7000+ charging cycles.
- 9. Challenges for Electrification of Vehicles 1. Integration of Electric vehicles within Product Portfolios of OEMs. 2. Collaborations with E-Mobility value chain. 3. Relevant Charging Infrastructure. 4. Marketing of E-Mobility Benefits and Reducing customerAnxiety. 5. Price Customer has to pay to live with an E-Vehicle.
- 10. Relevant Charging Infrastructure • Currently there are two types of charging stations, at home or work. Both of these sources involve legal challenges in terms of taxations, accounting that needs to be addressed. • Public charging infrastructure is still uncertain, as large scale investment has not yet surfaced to support public charging infrastructure as stand alone business. • Charging stations will only start as business by private firms when there is adequate usage of e- vehicles in that particular area.
- 11. FEEDBACK FOR MAHINDRA E20 • Product Specs: Mahindra E20 is a BEV. It can go up to 100 km. within a full recharge time of 8 to 9 hours. It consists of 3 PhaseAC induction Motor and a lithium ion battery of capacity 280A. It uses regenerative braking. • Positive Feedbacks: 1. Great for driving in city. 2. Eco Friendly 3. Less maintenance issues 4. Lower risk of breakdown due to less moving parts. • Negative Feedbacks: 1. Low Pick up 2. Price is too high 3.Battery life needs to be improves to curb range anxiety 4. After sales service could be an issue
- 12. USAGE OF EVs BY VARIOUS COUNTRIES • As of Dec 2016, China has the worlds largest stock of highways legal light duty plug in electric vehicles with cumulative sales of more than 6,45,000 plug in electric cars. • US ranks second with more than 5,70,000 plug in electric vehicles. • Japan is the worlds third Largest plug in car country market with about 1,47,500 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 No. of EVs No. of EVs
- 13. USAGE OF EVs BY INDIA • Gujarat topped the list with sales of just over 4330 units. WB appeared in the second place with sales of 2,846 units, followed by UP which sold a total of 2,467 electric vehicles during the said period. Rajasthan reported sales of around 2,388 EV units, while Maharashtra came in fifth with sales of 1,926 units. • In addition, 25,000 e-vehicles were sold across India between 2016-17. 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 NUMBER NUMBER
- 14. TESLA : A REVOLUTION IN EV • Tesla was founded by Elon Musk in 2003. • In March 2008 Tesla began production of Roadster • In June 2008 it announced Model S • Tesla launched Model 3 in 2017 which has a high range battery(50 or 75 KwH) which can run for 354 kms or 500kms repectively. • In 2017, Tesla filed a patent for a new battery swapping robot that can lift a vehicle and change its battery pack for a new one in just 15 minutes. • Tesla has proved the capability of an electric vehicle by developing high performance sports car and affordable cars for daily commute
- 15. CONCLUSION • There are various challenges including financial, technical, supply chain challenges for development of EVs in India but these challenges can be solved by a firm resolution by the OEMs and customers. • Charging stations can be increased once the sales of EVs increase, This could be achieved by customer awareness about EVs. • As the use of the EVs increase, OEMs can also bring variety of products in lower range of prices. • Educational activities can be organized by OEMs so that the awareness about EVs is increased, which would further lead to increase in sales.