The Electromagnetic Spectrum 2011
- 1. The Electromagnetic SpectrumBy Mr. Olandese’s DES Classes 2011
- 2. Radio Waves
- 3. BasicsRadio waves don’t only deal with getting music to our ears, but receiving television signals and talking on cell phones.In space, large galaxies, stars, comets, planets start to give off light that is turned into long wavelengths, and these waves also fall into the radio wave section of the spectrum.Radio waves have a special type of telescope called a Radio TelescopeRadio Waves have the least energy of any wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.
- 4. FrequencyRadio Waves’ frequency range is 30 kHz to 3 GHzHeinrich Rudolph Hertz did a lot of experiments with the frequency of Radio WavesAttached an induction coil to a spark gap, and had a separate spark gap on an antenna
- 5. WavelengthThe wavelength range is anything from 1 mm and aboveThey can be as long as the diameter of the earth to a football field! They have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum
- 6. Learning from Radio AstronomyLonger the wavelength lower the frequency Scientists have been able to study the background cosmic radiation, which is related to the birth of out universeSince celestial object let off radio waves we can find out their structure, motion, and compositionRadio waves are also used to find out more about the sun
- 7. Learning from Radio AstronomyWe can also discover the “Dark Ages”, before all the stars and galaxies were discovered by examining the radio waves given off by black holesThere are areas of space that are surrounded with dust, in these places, stars and planets formMany of the greatest discoveries have been discovered by using radio wavesQuasars, Plasma Clouds, PulsarsPart 2
- 8. The MissionsVoyager 1 (1977)Examined the solar systemPlank Mission(May 2009)Measure the remains of the “Big Bang”Cassini Spacecraft (February 2011)Lands on one of Saturn's moons measuring magnetic environment
- 9. Everyday ObjectsRadiosReceives waves and turn them into wavesCURE CANCERMake water into fuelCell PhonesTelevision
- 10. Interesting FactsThe first discussed topic on the radio in 1920 was the outcomes of the electionsAn AM wave is 100 yards longThey can travel 186,000 miles per secondThey don’t need a medium to travel throughAt first when Hertz was discovering them he thought it was light
- 12. FrequencyThe frequency is 109Hz. to 1012Hz.
- 13. Wavelength One meter-one millimeterWavelength= speed/frequencyAbout the width of a
- 14. What can we find with Microwaves?Microwaves can be used to find sea ice from satellite pictures Sensing the Environment remotely
- 15. Everyday UsesDoppler- Used for determining and predicting the weather.GPS-Can be used to navigate.Microwave Ovens-Used to heat up snacks.
- 16. Missions by NASA Using MicrowavesJason-2: to determine sea surface heightTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)WMAP: shows detailed all-sky picture
- 17. What can we learn about Earth and the Universe?That microwaves had something to do with the big bang theory as microwaves have been found in deep space before.They can also be used to test theories about space. Like the big bang theory.
- 18. Infrared Light
- 19. What is the frequency range of infrared light?1012 Hz/1015 Hz
- 20. What is the wavelength of infrared light? How does it compare to everyday objects?10-4 mAs thin as a piece of paper
- 21. What info can be gathered by interpreting infrared light?Some objects’ heat are so strong that you can see the heat (visual light) Some objects’ heat aren’t strong enough to see so only infrared light can detect it
- 22. What can we learn about the Earth/the Universe from infrared?Infrared radiation gets trapped in the atmosphereThe radiation can emit into spaceFrom an infrared telescope, we could see 2300 planet forming disks in the Orion nebula
- 23. What are some missions from NASA that have used infrared light?Aqua SatelliteTerra Satellite
- 24. Are there any everyday objects that utilize infrared light?TV remotesHunting infrared scopesNight vision gogglesInfrared cameras
- 26. Frequency and WavelengthFrequency Range: .7 to 1.0 micrometersWavelength: .75 to 1.4 µmCompared to the diameter of a E.coli bacteria
- 27. Interpreting Near Infrared LightIdentify types of rock and soilStudy plant diseasesHelps farmers see where crops are infested, stressed or healthy
- 28. Near Infrared and Earth and the UniverseLearn about diseases in plantsTopographies of certain areasTake pictures of the universe and learn about different planets
- 29. Past Current and Future Missions of NASANo big missions, take pictures of other planets and can see the topography of them, and what they are composed of.
- 31. Visible Light
- 32. Frequency Range of Visible LightThe frequency range of visible light is 1015 HZ.This is the only form of light we can see.
- 33. Wavelength Range of Visible LightThe range of a wavelength is 320 nanometers.A Nanometer is so small you cant see it.1 inch is equal to 25.4 million nanometers.Your fingernails grow 1 nanometer every secondA human hair is 50,000-100,000 nanometers in diameter.
- 34. Information gathered using Visible Light The heat of celestial objects can be determined based on the color of the visible light they give off.Cooler stars shine a reddish color, moderate temperature (like our sun) burn yellow, and extremely hot objects burn blue.
- 35. What We Can Learn About Our Universe from Visible Light…From visible light we can determine the size, color, and temperature of a star just by looking at it
- 36. NASA Missions using Visible LightNasa’s Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) uses visible light in its laser.GLAS is positioned in an ice cloud.It calculates the elevation of polar ice sheets.The higher the elevation, the more water is stored.
- 37. When do we see visible light?Pretty much everything we see is visible light, when you are watching TV or looking into the sky you are looking at visible light.
- 39. Frequency RangeWhat is the frequency range of your section of light/radiation?10^15 hz – 10^18 hz
- 40. Wavelength RangeIn between visible light and x-rays, ranges 10 to 400 NM.Colored laser pointers have wavelengths ranging 488-633 NM.
- 41. Current NASA MissionsWhat are some past current and or future missions run by NASA that utilize your spectrum of light?AURA-OMI-study the chemistry and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere from the ground through the mesosphere
- 42. Current NASA MissionsSDO-AIA - most advanced spacecraft ever designed to study the sun, to examine the sun's magnetic field and also provide a better understanding of the role the sun plays in Earth's atmospheric chemistry and climate.L.A.M.P. - looks for water-ice on the moon
- 43. Information gathered by Ultraviolet WavesGas levels of different Planets can be seen by looking at wavelengths of ultraviolent waves.Scientist can study the galaxies formation using UV radiation from astronomical objects.
- 44. What can we Learn From UV LightThe ozone layer protects against harmful UV Radiation from the sun.Shaded craters on the moon show UV light from StarsPhotos from Hubble Telescope show objects in UV light.
- 45. X-RAYS
- 46. Frequency Range3 x 1017 to 3 x 1019 HzPH
- 47. Wavelength RangeBetween 10-9 and 10-10 metersIt’s about the width of a water moleculeSo small, some x-rays are no bigger than single atomsSF
- 48. What Information Does it Gather?Identifies bone structure; since bones are more dense, they leave shadows of the bones on the x-rayHelps solve medical problemsThey detect elements in Martian rocksThey help detect the hottest parts of the Sun’s atmosphereBF
- 49. What can we Learn about our Universe by Interpreting X-rays?What kinds of energy explosions in our universe use in order to explode; like low energy, high energy, composite energy, etc. Can provide information about an object’s composition, temperature, density, or magnetic field.Also, we can know when an object explodes, because hot gases in the universe give off x-rays.PH
- 50. What missions run by NASA use X-rays?Hinode Satellite- studies the plasma of the sun’s coronaSoho Satellite- produces images of the sun that allow scientists to see and record energy flows within the coronaOrbiting Chandra-detects x-rays created by objects spread far across spaceRobotic Rovers- identifies elements in Martian rocks, like zinc and nickelSF
- 51. Are there any Everyday Objects that use X-rays?Yes, they are used by dentists, to let them know what teeth need to be fixed in a person’s mouth.Also, doctor’s use them, to help tell them what bones are broken in someone’s body.They are used in laboratories as well; scientists use x-rays to learn what unknown substances elements contain, and they also detect DNA BF
- 52. GammaRays
- 53. 1021Hz or higher 10-12M, size of atomic nuclei Frequency and wavelength
- 54. Understanding the lightBy Interpreting gamma rays we would get the brightest lights and the most heat
- 55. Gamma rays also stream stars, super novas, pulsars, and black hole accretion dicks to wash our skies with gamma ray light.Earth and our Universe
- 56. They use the messenger-GRS to measure gamma rays emitted by the nuclei of atoms on planet mercury’s surface that are struck by cosmic rays and the data that it receives can help scientists look for important elements such as hydrogen, magnesium, silicon, oxygen, iron, titanium, sodium, and calcium. NASA Missions
- 57. One amazing thing that we use gamma rays for is cancer radiation therapy. The light goes through our bones and skin to destroy the cells of tumors. Although this is a very helpful for tumors we don’t use it for other treatment because it destroys and messes up our cells.Everyday Objects
Editor's Notes
- #7: z