The history learning module integrated character values

Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Vol. 14, No. 3, August 2020, pp. 463~472
ISSN: 2089-9823 DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v14i3.16139  463
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/EduLearn
The history learning module integrated character values
Jems Sopacua, Muhammad Rijal Fadli, Saefur Rochmat
Graduate School, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Mar 25, 2020
Revised Jun 24, 2020
Accepted Jul 30, 2020
The history learning module integrated character values is an innovation in
history learning in schools to support educational progress. This module serves
as teaching material for the process of character formation of students obtained
through independent learning to achieve the desired competency goals. This
research uses the development (R&D) of the 4D model (define, design,
development and dissemination). The results showed that the module was
declared feasible based on the results of the validation of the experts, so the
modules that had been developed were feasible, effective and practical to be
used as teaching materials and learning resources by students in the history
learning process. This module has the advantage that there are character values
(love of the motherland, curiosity, religious and tolerance) in the material
presented for the formation of students' character.
Keywords:
Character values
Learning history
Modules
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Jems Sopacua,
Graduate School, Department of History Education,
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta,
Jl. Colombo No.1, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Email: jems.sopacua7@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The influence of globalization has at least pushed the character and character of students who
experience drastic changes to produce a generation that can face the global cultural clash that confronts the
younger generation. The influence of globalization for the young generation holds many hopes and worries
that have a psychological impact because it necessitates a decision to choose a way of life that is by the
prevailing norms in society. The progress of science and technology which is reflected by the influence of
globalization will at least undermine the order of moral values of students who are not equipped with good
character so that it can be fatal to the mental and mental maturity of students [1].
The learning process must be able to support students to become humans who face the development
of the times. Today's ongoing globalization leads to post-modern culture [2]. The development of science and
technology makes the world seem limitless so that this condition impacts the lives of people, the nation, and
the state. Also, it affects the mindset, attitude patterns, and behavior in society. Current globalization has an
impact on the moral degradation of the nation [3]. As a result of the globalization of the strategic environment
is currently developing rapidly, namely the occurrence of a moral crisis in students [4].
During various problems that hit our nation today, ranging from conflicts, brawls, drugs, acts of
terrorism, corruption to violence in the world of education. Following with Suparjan [5] that this is a symptom
of the fading character and identity of Indonesia. So we need a new formulation in the world of education so
that the character of the next generation is really tough in facing the progress of the times.
Education has faced a dilemma problem, on the one hand, teachers have gained welfare through
certification allowances, school facilities are getting more and more luxurious with almost nothing lacking in
terms of infrastructure. Outstanding student achievement [6]. However, on the other hand, the character and

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464
morality of students are increasingly degraded. This study will provide a solution by developing teaching
materials in the form of modules that are integrated with character values [7]. The goal is that the learning
process of history has an impact and role model for students to guide and enlighten during turmoil and moral
dryness in generations.
The need to instill character values is a must for every nation. Given that the current threat to the loss
of national identity is a real threat. The process of investing in values can be done through education by forming
the nation's character. In line with Syaifulloh [8], this has been declared by President Jokowi, the national
movement of the mental revolution. A strong character can encourage and realize actions that have the
character as well. This means that the mental revolution promoted by President Jokowi signifies the problem
of a character crisis that enters a chronic stage. This certainly has an impact on the decline of the nation's
personality [9]. The use of the three pillars of the Trisakti concept (sovereign, independent, and personality) in
the mental revolution proves that history, which has provided a picture of events over of time, is not dead, but
is still alive and has its relevance in the present and the future.
Indonesian national figures before the birth of the Indonesian state had fought and were willing to
sacrifice for the future. Gonggong explains that thinking far beyond his time has provided full proof of the
importance of good character and qualified [10]. Like planting a tree that reaps not directly picked but reaped
in the future. That is to learn history is very important so that a nation knows the process of the birth of a
warrior character. Indonesia is built, created, and maintained by people of character.
The field of history education has a position as one of the subjects that can be used to shape the nation's
character (nation and character-building). Historical subjects can be used as a solution as an internalization of
character values to develop a national identity in facing the challenges of globalization today. Learning history
has an important role in shaping the personality of students to be able to understand and implement character
values [11]. The contribution of history learning can instill students' historical awareness so that it can be
reflected in today's life [12].
The purpose of learning history in the current era of globalization must be to prepare students who
have quality and character [13, 14]. Learning history for students is very important because it can help to think
more critically and wisely, and be able to understand the meaning and value of every past event to prepare for
the future, not just remembering characters, facts and years [15, 16]. Thus, the purpose of learning history is
not limited to the cognitive domain (knowledge) but can reach the psychomotor domain in the process of
character formation of students.
Historical learning with character values is the result of a very suitable combination because historical
learning has a role as an effort to form characters and instill cultural values. Aman [17] explains that the purpose
of learning history is to instill a spirit of nationalism, love of the motherland, tolerance, and historical
awareness. Also, learning history functions to make students aware of the process of change and development
of society in the time dimension and build perspectives in finding, understanding, and explaining the national
identity in the past, present, and future during the development of the times [18]. The internalization of
character values in learning history is a necessity. This is because historical learning has the potential as a
medium for transmitting character values through past and exemplary events.
In the process of embedding the nation's character values, history learning must be designed in such
a way, not only as a transfer of knowledge but also a transfer of value, so that it can design historical learning
that interests students [19, 20]. Now, this has developed a breakthrough in innovations in learning, namely the
presence of teaching materials in the form of modules that can facilitate students in understanding historical
material [21]. The learning module is a teaching material that contains material, methods, and evaluations that
are systematically designed that can be used independently by students to achieve the expected competencies.
The purpose of the learning module is for independent learners to be facilitated by the teacher. In line
with Dhaliwal, Simpson & Kim-Sing [22] explaining that there were challenges in the development,
implementation, and evaluation of this project. There was a substantial amount of information on experiential
education and teaching in the experiential setting that could have been conveyed in each of the modules. The
development of independent learning skills makes students better understand the subject matter and practice
their skills. Molenaar, Horvers, & Baker [23] explained that ultimately to develop self-regulated learning skills.
Also, teachers could potentially use a diagnostic tool to analyze which students need support. The purpose of
the module can also develop students' competence further. In line with Enke, Kraft, & Metternich explained
that learning is a module is to develop the right competencies further [24].
The success of innovations developed can support the advancement of education. But it does not stop
there, the teacher must play a role in every learning process for the advancement of education. The role of the
teacher in this case, is very important, because teachers are required to be creative to create more enjoyable
learning. Modules can be used as a medium in the delivery of learning materials, with the presence of good
learning media that can support the creation of a good learning process as well. Through good learning media,
teachers can make learning history more real, so that media that are designed attractively can increase

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The history learning module integrated character values (Jems Sopacua)
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students 'interest in learning, instill character values and add insight to learners' knowledge to achieve
learning objectives.
This study aimed to develop an integrated history learning module of character values. Following the
2013 (revised) curriculum, character education is very important to be applied, but there are no teaching
materials available that integrate character values into historical material to support existing textbooks. The
integrated history learning module character values will give students an overview of the material history of
the entry of Islam into Indonesia which is integrated with the values of the nation's character. The character
values that can be integrated into the historical material of the entry of Islam in Indonesia include the love of
the motherland, curiosity, religion, and tolerance.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This research used the method of Research and Development (R&D) with the define, design, develop,
and dissemination (4D) model [25, 26]. The research objective is to produce an integrated history learning
module product of character values. The 4D development model through four steps, namely the definition,
design, development, and dissemination [27]. An overview of the procedures performed in using the 4D
development model is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1. 4D development model
This research was conducted at MAN 1 Metro Lampung involving 69 students (25 trials 1 and 44
trials 2). The subjects in this study were class XI MAN 1 Metro Lampung. Sampling-based on high, medium,
and low ranking categories, in the sampling using random sampling techniques. During the two stages of the
trial students who become respondents differ. This development research focuses on product feasibility testing,
due diligence is carried out to experts namely material expert validation, media expert validation, validation
by teachers and students.
Data collection techniques used were interviews and assessment questionnaires related to the product
developed. While the data analysis technique is done using qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative
data [28, 29]. Quantitative data were obtained from a questionnaire that was converted to qualitative data with
a Likert scale of 5 to know the feasibility of the product being developed, with the guidelines [30] shown
in Table 1.
Table 1. Guidelines for converting quantitative data scores to qualitative data
No Score Interval Score Category Range
1. Very Decent A X > X + 1.80 Sbi X > 4.20
2. Decent B X + 0.60 Sbi < X < + 0.60 Sbi 3.40 < X < 4.20
3. Decent Enough C X – 0.60 Sbi < X < X + 0.60 Sbi 2.60 < X < 3.40
4. Inadequate D X – 1.80 Sbi < X < - 0.60 Sbi 1.80 < X < 2.60
5. Very Inadequate E X < X – 1.80 Sbi X < 1.80
Information:
X = Actual Score (score obtained)
X
̅ = (Ideal Average)
= 1
/2 (Maximum Score + Minimum Score)
= 1
/2 (5+1) = 3
Sbi = (Ideal Standard Deviation)
= 1
/6 (Maximum Score + Minimum Score)
= 1
/6 (5-1) = 0.67
Based on the table on score conversion, the standard of learning history from each aspect is obtained
as a standard with details very feasible if the average score obtained is in the range of 4.21 to 5.00 with the
category "A". Eligible if the average score obtained is a range of 3.41 to 4.20 with the category "B". Fair
enough if the average score obtained is a range of 2.61 to 3.40 with the category "C". Not feasible if the average
score obtained is a range of 1.81 to 2.60 with the category "D". Very less feasible if the average score obtained
is in the range of less than 1.80 with the category "E".

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Result
Based on development research conducted, that the product of this development is in the form of an
integrated history learning module of character values. The process is carried out by the 4D development model
adopted from Thiagarajan with stages: 1) Define; 2) Design; 3) Development; 4) Dissemination. The steps are
as follows:
3.1.1. Define phase
At this stage, researchers conduct a needs analysis related to the modules developed. The needs
analysis that has been done in the field study and literature study. Analysis of the field study was carried out
by conducting unstructured observations and interviews with teachers and students. While the literature study
is carried out to obtain related learning history studies and learning modules. At this defining stage,
the researcher analyzes from the curriculum to historical material that can be integrated with character values.
The material developed is the historical material of the entry of Islam in Indonesia which is contained in
the basic competencies 3.2.
3.1.2. Design phase
This design phase researchers gather the information that can be used as a support in
the development of history learning modules that are developed. The data collected is adjusted to the 2013
curriculum and then to the competency standard of history lessons, then summarized in the form of a draft
temporary module. Modules are developed systematically with the suitability found in the study of literature.
The steps taken at this design stage are to submit an initial draft module. Submitting the initial draft of this
module with several stages including 1) Analyzing KI and KD with the material in the module, 2) Analyzing
learning objectives, 3) Analyzing learning materials, and 4) Analyzing learning evaluations.
At this design stage, the module design activities that are developed include: 1) Making the initial
draft of the material integrated with character values, 2) Choosing interesting images to be used in
the module, 3) Making questions related to the material in the module, 4 ) Preparation of the glossary, the key
answers to the questions contained in the module, 5) The design of the module cover used to describe
the module contents.
3.1.3. Development phase
At this stage of development, it produces the final module (product) after going through the stages of
validating the experts and revising it according to the advice of the experts. This stage is included from
the realization of the previous stages so that the initial draft module framework is compiled, designed,
equipped, and made into actual modules. The development of an integrated history learning module character
values of the entry of Islam in Indonesia was developed and designed using the help of Photoshop and Corel
Draw programs with pdf format before printing. Module components consist of cover modules, module
identity, preface, core competencies, basic competencies and indicators, learning objectives, module usage
instructions, concept maps, learning activities 1 and 2 which contain a description of the material, a summary
of each learning activity, assignments in each learning activity, formative tests in each learning activity,
evaluation questions/final project, answer key, glossary, bibliography, author biography.
At this stage, the researcher validates the initial product to the material expert, media expert,
and history teacher. Validation to the history teacher is carried out after passing the validation from
the material experts and media experts after everything is done it will do a limited trial first before field trials.
The results of the validation from the experts will be used as a revision/improvement of the initial product that
has been developed. Validation is done to find out the feasibility of the module, as for the validation steps
as follows:
3.1.3.1. Material expert validation
This material validation includes aspects of the relevance of the material in the integrated history
learning module character values developed by researchers. The assessment data was obtained from the results
of the questionnaire contents with a Likert scale of 5 (1-5) that had been provided by researchers, the
questionnaire consisted of 24 assessment indicators and there were 3 aspects. The results of the material expert
validation can be seen briefly based on the recapitulation of the material expert judgment presented
in Table 2.

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Table 2. Results of expert material validation
No Assessment aspects Total value Average value Category
1. Fill in the material 37 4.6 Very decent
2. Material presentation design 53 4.8 Very decent
3. Linguistic 22 4.4 Very decent
Total 112 4.66 Very decent
Based on the table of results of the expert validation of the material above after being converted from
quantitative data into qualitative data, the results obtained with an average score (X) of 4.66.
The average score is included in the range X>4.20, meaning that the integrated history learning module product
value developed based on the validation of material experts is included in the criteria of value A with the
category "Very Decent". This means that the module is worth testing by material experts.
The recapitulation of the results of the material expert validation is presented in the Figure 2.
Figure 2. Diagram of material expert validation results
3.1.3.2. Media expert validation
Media expert validation is done after the product design stage is complete. Module media validation
is done to determine the feasibility of the media contained in the module before testing. The assessment
conducted by the validation of media experts related to the history learning module integrated the character
values including the module graphics and the module content design that has been developed by the researcher.
The history learning module media expert at this stage fills in the questionnaire prepared by the researcher with
a choice of 5 Likert scales (1-5), the number of questions there are 27 assessment indicators, and 3 aspects.
Recapitulation of the results of the validation of media experts can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Media expert validation results
1. Graphical 46 4.6 Very decent
2. Module content design 56 4.3 Very decent
Based on the results table the validation of media experts obtained results with an average score (X)
in the range X> 4.20. Obtaining the results of the validation of the learning module media expert integrated
character values with an average value of 4.40 included in the value criteria A "Very Decent". This means that
history learning modules by media experts are declared worthy to be tested according to the suggestions and
comments that have been given by media experts. The recapitulation of the results from the validation
of media experts is presented in Figure 3.

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Figure 3. Diagram of media expert validation results
3.1.3.3. Teacher validation
The history learning module integrated character values before being trialed to students was validated
beforehand by the history teacher, to fit the criteria in history learning at school. The questionnaire assessed by
the teacher contained 25 questions and 3 aspects of the assessment indicators. The results of teacher validation
can be seen from the Table 4.
Table 4. Teacher validation results
1. Presentation of content 40 4.4 Very decent
Based on the validation conducted by researchers on history subject teachers have obtained results with an
average score of (X) 4.48 which falls in the range of X> 4.20. This means that the results of the score from the
history teacher's validation fall into the category A "Very Decent" so that the modules that have been developed
are worth testing for students. Recapitulation of the results of validation by the teacher is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Diagram of the results of validation by the teacher
3.1.3.4. Dissemination phase
In this Dissemination phase, a trial module has been developed, in which the trial is carried out twice,
considering that before testing it on a large scale it needs to be tested with the limited aim of knowing the
responses of some students, involving 25 students. While the 2nd trial (field) was conducted in class XI MAN
1 Metro Social Sciences and Natural Sciences program involving 44 students. Trial 1 or limited trials are
conducted after obtaining validation from experts. The first trial has involved 25 students of class XI IPA 2,
the aim is to determine the initial response of students in responding to the modules that have been developed.
The questionnaire distributed was 23 assessment questions and 3 aspects of the assessment indicators. The
results of trial 1 can be seen in Table 5.

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Table 5. Student’s trial responses 1 (limited test)
The results of responses from students to the modules that have been disseminated in the learning
process are converted from quantitative data into qualitative data, the results obtained with an average score
(X) of 4.33. This means that the score is included in the range of scores X> 4.20, which means the module
products get an A with the category "Very Decent". Thus, the module that has been tested in the first phase has
received a very positive response and the module is suitable for use as a learning resource.
In the trial stage, 2 (field) students will assess the feasibility of the product that has been developed
by researchers to be implemented. The results of trial 2 or field trials have become the final stages of the
application of the development of an integrated history learning module of character values. The purpose of
this field test is to find out if the module developed is feasible to be implemented in the history learning process
in schools. The responses of students in trial phase 2 (field) can be seen in Table 6.
Table 6. Student’s trial responses 2 (field test)
Table 6 explains that the results of the responses of students in the trial phase 2 (field) have obtained
an average score of 4.52, meaning that a score (X)> 4.20, which means included in
the category of "Very Good". So the modules that have been developed based on the responses of trial 1
and trial 2, get very positive responses from students, so the modules developed are suitable for use as media
and learning resources in the history learning process in schools. Recapitulation of the results
of the dissemination of modules to students can be seen in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Student’s responses
3.2. Discussion
The results of the dissemination of modules, trials 1 and 2 show that the modules that have been
developed are suitable for use as media and learning resources in the history learning process. The module
developed has its value, because in the module it is integrated with character values. The character values that
are instilled are the love of the motherland, curiosity, religion, and tolerance.
The history learning module can be said to be feasible if it meets the quality aspects of validity,
practicality, and effectiveness [31, 32]. The results obtained indicate that the module developed is feasible. The
integrated history learning module character values are appropriate to be used to support the achievement of
national education goals. Also, in research Trisnawati [33] teaching materials in the form of integrated modules
are very decent, practical, and effective character values used in history learning to help the character building
of students.

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The results of the validation carried out by experts indicate that the module in this research is
appropriate for use in the history learning process. The validation results from each expert obtained a good and
positive response. Judging from the results of the acquisition of material expert validation with an average
value of 4.66, 4.40 media experts, 4.48 history teachers, and 4.53 field trials. Based on the results of the
validation, this history learning module is very feasible to use. This is reinforced by Sukardjo [34] which states
that in every development research that produces a product at least the acquisition of validation from experts
is in the range of scores X> 4.20 with a very decent category. While these study results were obtained with an
average value above the range of scores X> 4.20 so that the module is feasible to use. In line with Diani research
[35] which produces integrated modules, character values are suitable for use in the learning process and can
also be used to support the achievement of basic competencies, indicators, meet quality standard criteria and
can assist in the process of character building for students who have been determined.
Based on the results of previous research related to the development of modules in the history of
learning integrated character values Subekti [36] shows that the product developed is very effective and suitable
for use as material teaching in the learning process. The difference with previous research is in the product and
the character values listed. The module that the researcher developed has a striking character in historical
material that is integrated with 4 character values, namely homeland love, curiosity, religion, and tolerance so
that this module cannot form other character values.
The integrated history learning module research of character values needs to be continuously
developed and innovated to be in harmony with life in the current era of globalization. Especially in the current
era of globalization has experienced a moral crisis that occurs among the younger generation, then the focus
of attention is related to the strengthening of character education because character education can help to direct
and shape the character of students to become wise people.
The novelty contained in this study is to produce a module with the material for the entry of Islam into
Indonesia which is integrated with certain character values. With the integrated history learning module,
character values can help the process of character formation of students in the current rapid globalization. This
study compares with Kuswono & Khaeroni [37] research where the research he conducted produced a module
together, but the character values included were only one value, namely religious. Whereas in this study the
character values that are integrated with the material there are 4 values namely (patriotism, curiosity, religion,
and tolerance).
Thus, character education with the process of learning history cannot be separated just like that.
Because it is necessary to do a series of efforts to improve the learning process-oriented to the development of
character education [38]. Character education can be done by integrating character values in history learning.
Integrating character values into history learning is done through efficient and meaningful learning for students
[39]. Although, to integrate character values into history learning is not easy. But that is a breakthrough that
needs to be increased in the investment of education, especially history.
The integrated history learning module character values are appropriate to be used in the learning
process. In this case, the development of history learning modules should continue to be done to be able to add
variety and development as teaching materials and learning resources for history. Such research is conducted
by Maslahah & Rofiah [40] who have developed historical teaching materials with different variations for
historical development and progress. Therefore, new developments and innovations in history are needed to
facilitate students in understanding history so that students are interested and interested in history lessons so
that students' negative assumptions about history that tend to be boring turn into positive assumptions.
4. CONCLUSION
The integrated history learning module character values are suitable to be used as teaching materials
and learning resources in history learning. Modules that have been validated by material experts, media experts,
teachers, and students have obtained very positive results, so that the integrated history learning module has
character values that have been declared feasible, practical, and effective for use in history learning. The
implication of the integrated history learning module is that character values are expected to be able to
contribute to adding new insights to students in terms of the character values that have been listed
and can be applied in everyday life. This module can also be used in history learning activities and can also be
used to increase students' knowledge horizons. In addition, researchers hope that the innovations in learning
history can change the negative views of students towards history that only learns the past and tends to be
boring, become interested, and interesting in learning history. This research only focuses on feasibility, so that
in the future it can be continued until the effectiveness test to find out whether there are developments related
to the character of students who are implanted.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the alma mater of Yogyakarta State University for providing the opportunity to
conduct this research.
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