The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 55 of 84
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The document discusses different methods for distributing Ring applications, including: 1) Copying the Ring files and renaming the executable to distribute Windows applications. 2) Generating an object file from Ring code to protect the source code when distributing applications. 3) Using tools like NSIS to create Windows installers for applications. 4) Compiling Ring code with a C/C++ compiler and linker to create executable files. 5) Embedding Ring in Qt or LibSDL projects to build mobile apps and games for distribution.
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
EndLine
===================================================
54.2 Printing Rules
Command:
ring test.ring -rules -norun
Output:
===================================================
Grammar Rules Used by The Parser
===================================================
Rule : Program --> {Statement}
Line 1
Rule : Statement --> 'Func' Identifier [ParaList]
Line 2
Rule : Factor --> Literal
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : Arithmetic --> Arithmetic + Arithmetic
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr
Line 3
Rule : Factor --> Number
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Factor --> Number
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
54.2. Printing Rules 524](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/541ringring-170218115855/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-55-of-84-5-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> 'For' Identifier '=' Expr to Expr ['step' Expr]
Line 4
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : Arithmetic --> Arithmetic + Arithmetic
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr
Line 5
Rule : Next --> 'Next'
Line 6
Rule : Mixer -> '(' [Expr { ',' Expr} ] ')'
Line 8
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Statement --> 'Func' Identifier [ParaList]
Line 9
Rule : Factor --> Literal
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : Arithmetic --> Arithmetic + Arithmetic
54.2. Printing Rules 525](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/541ringring-170218115855/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-55-of-84-6-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr
Line 10
Rule : Factor --> New Identifier {'.' Identifier }
Rule : Mixer --> '{' {Statement} BraceEnd
Rule : Factor --> Number
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Factor --> Number
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
54.2. Printing Rules 526](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/541ringring-170218115855/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-55-of-84-7-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Factor --> Number
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : BraceEnd --> '}'
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Line 11
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
54.2. Printing Rules 527](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/541ringring-170218115855/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-55-of-84-8-320.jpg)
![Ring Documentation, Release 1.2
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr
Line 13
Rule : Statement --> 'Class' Identifier
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus]
Rule : Range --> Factor
Rule : Term --> Range
Rule : Arithmetic --> Term
Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic
Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift
Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd
Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR
Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare
Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot
Rule : Expr --> LogicNot
Rule : Statement --> Expr
===================================================
54.3 Printing Intermediate Code
Command:
ring test.ring -ic -norun
Output:
54.3. Printing Intermediate Code 528](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/541ringring-170218115855/85/The-Ring-programming-language-version-1-2-book-Part-55-of-84-9-320.jpg)
The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 55 of 84
- 1. CHAPTER FIFTYTHREE DISTRIBUTING RING APPLICATIONS In this chapter we will learn about distributing Ring applications. 53.1 Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows Step 1: Copy c:ringbin folder to be for example c:myapp Step 2: Rename c:myappring.exe to c:myappmyapp.exe Step 3: Create a file c:myappring.ring And write Load "myapp.ring" When you run myapp.exe the file ring.ring will be executed automatically So your file myapp.ring will be called and executed Or just rename myapp.ring to ring.ring It’s a fast way to distribute applications. 53.2 Protecting the Source Code Step 1: Execute the next command ring myapp.ring -go This will generate one object file (myapp.ringo) from the project files (*.ring) Step 2: Rename myapp.ringo to ring.ringo When you run the executable file (ring.exe) or (myapp.exe) the file ring.ringo will be executed. 520
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 53.3 Creating Windows Installer There are many tools that you can use to distribute your application. Check : nullsoft scriptable install system URL : http://nsis.sourceforge.net/Main_Page 53.4 Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker Another method to distribute applications is to use a C/C++ compiler. Ring can be embedded in C/C++ projects, We can create executable files using a C/C++ compiler by embedding the Ring language in our project. Check the “Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs” chapter. Using this way we will avoid using ring.ring or ring.ringo files. 53.5 Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile Ring can be embedded in a Qt projects or LibSDL projects to build Mobile applications and Games. You can build the Qt project or the LibSDL project and get the Android package directly (*.apk) Check Ring distributions for Mobile development using Qt or LibSDL. 53.3. Creating Windows Installer 521
- 3. CHAPTER FIFTYFOUR COMMAND LINE OPTIONS The ring language takes source code file (.ring) or the object file (.ringo) as input to execute, also the language provide other options like Option Description -tokens Print a list of tokens in the source code file -rules Print grammar rules applied on the tokens -ic Print the intermediate byte code (before execution) -icfinal Print the final byte code (after execution) -cgi Print http response header before error messages -norun Don’t run the program after compiling -ins Print instruction operation code before execution -performance Print clock before and after program execution -go Generate Object File -w Display Warnings 54.1 Printing Tokens Example: Func Main See "Hello World" + nl for x = 1 to 10 see x + nl next test() func test see "welcome" + nl o1 = new point { x=10 y=20 z=30 } see o1 class point x y z Command: ring test.ring -tokens -norun Output: =================================================== Tokens - Generated by the Scanner =================================================== 522
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Keyword : FUNC Identifier : main EndLine Keyword : SEE Literal : Hello World Operator : + Identifier : nl EndLine Keyword : FOR Identifier : x Operator : = Number : 1 Keyword : TO Number : 10 EndLine Keyword : SEE Identifier : x Operator : + Identifier : nl EndLine Keyword : NEXT EndLine Identifier : test Operator : ( Operator : ) EndLine Keyword : FUNC Identifier : test EndLine Keyword : SEE Literal : welcome Operator : + Identifier : nl EndLine Identifier : o1 Operator : = Keyword : NEW Identifier : point Operator : { Identifier : x Operator : = Number : 10 Identifier : y Operator : = Number : 20 Identifier : z Operator : = Number : 30 Operator : } EndLine Keyword : SEE Identifier : o1 EndLine Keyword : CLASS Identifier : point Identifier : x Identifier : y Identifier : z 54.1. Printing Tokens 523
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 EndLine =================================================== 54.2 Printing Rules Command: ring test.ring -rules -norun Output: =================================================== Grammar Rules Used by The Parser =================================================== Rule : Program --> {Statement} Line 1 Rule : Statement --> 'Func' Identifier [ParaList] Line 2 Rule : Factor --> Literal Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : Arithmetic --> Arithmetic + Arithmetic Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr Line 3 Rule : Factor --> Number Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Factor --> Number Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic 54.2. Printing Rules 524
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> 'For' Identifier '=' Expr to Expr ['step' Expr] Line 4 Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : Arithmetic --> Arithmetic + Arithmetic Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr Line 5 Rule : Next --> 'Next' Line 6 Rule : Mixer -> '(' [Expr { ',' Expr} ] ')' Line 8 Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Statement --> 'Func' Identifier [ParaList] Line 9 Rule : Factor --> Literal Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : Arithmetic --> Arithmetic + Arithmetic 54.2. Printing Rules 525
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr Line 10 Rule : Factor --> New Identifier {'.' Identifier } Rule : Mixer --> '{' {Statement} BraceEnd Rule : Factor --> Number Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Factor --> Number Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot 54.2. Printing Rules 526
- 8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Factor --> Number Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : BraceEnd --> '}' Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Assignment -> '=' Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Line 11 Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift 54.2. Printing Rules 527
- 9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> 'See' Expr Line 13 Rule : Statement --> 'Class' Identifier Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr Rule : Factor --> Identifier [ {Mixer} | Assignment | PlusPlus | MinusMinus] Rule : Range --> Factor Rule : Term --> Range Rule : Arithmetic --> Term Rule : BitShift --> Arithmetic Rule : BitAnd --> BitShift Rule : BitOrXOR --> BitAnd Rule : Compare --> BitOrXOR Rule : EqualOrNot --> Compare Rule : LogicNot -> EqualOrNot Rule : Expr --> LogicNot Rule : Statement --> Expr =================================================== 54.3 Printing Intermediate Code Command: ring test.ring -ic -norun Output: 54.3. Printing Intermediate Code 528
- 10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.2 =================================================== Byte Code - Before Execution by the VM =================================================== PC OPCode Data 1 ReturnNull 2 Func main 3 NewLine 2 4 FuncExE 5 PushC Hello World 6 LoadA nl 0 7 PushV 8 SUM 0 9 Print 10 NewLine 3 11 ExitMark 29 28 12 LoadAFirst x 13 PushN 1.000000 14 BeforeEqual 0 15 Assignment 16 PushN 1.000000 17 StepNumber 18 JumpVarLENum x 10.000000 29 19 NewLine 4 20 FuncExE 21 LoadA x 0 22 PushV 23 LoadA nl 0 24 PushV 25 SUM 0 26 Print 27 NewLine 5 28 IncJump x 18 29 POPExitMark 30 POPStep 31 NewLine 6 32 LoadFunc test 33 Call 0 34 NoOperation 35 NewLine 8 36 PushV 37 FreeStack 38 ReturnNull 39 Func test 40 NewLine 9 41 FuncExE 42 PushC welcome 43 LoadA nl 0 44 PushV 45 SUM 0 46 Print 47 NewLine 10 48 LoadA o1 0 49 AssignmentPointer 50 New point 51 SetScope 52 PushV 54.3. Printing Intermediate Code 529