The Semantic Web: 2010 Update
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The document provides a 2010 status update on the Semantic Web, highlighting advancements in technology such as RDF and SPARQL endpoints, as well as the integration of linked data into government initiatives like data.gov. It contrasts two main uses: formal modeling for specific domains with high investment returns and the more general approach of using lightweight semantics in web applications. Overall, the Semantic Web is seen as progressing well, with increasing commercial interest and the potential for Web 3.0 applications leveraging these technologies.
The Semantic Web: 2010 Update
- 1. Tetherless World Constellation The Semantic Web: 2010 Status Update Jim Hendler Tetherless World Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science Assistant Dean of Information Technology and Web Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~hendler @jahendler (twitter)
- 3. Tetherless World Constellation Sem Web 2010
- 4. Tetherless World Constellation Semantic Web 2010
- 5. Tetherless World Constellation Semantic Web 2010 Nov 4, 2010
- 6. Tetherless World Constellation Sem Web 2010
- 7. Tetherless World Constellation Sem Web 2010
- 8. Tetherless World Constellation Sem Web 2010 (Enterprise Sem Web)
- 9. Tetherless World Constellation Enterprise Semantic Web
- 10. Tetherless World Constellation Sem Web 2010 • What is different now? – Semantic Search – Advertising drives Web markets – “Buzz” around data on the Web • Esp open govt data • Maturation of RDF technologies – SPARQL endpoints – RDFa !!! – Lightweight Knowledge • A little semantics goes a long way
- 11. Tetherless World Constellation Two very different sorts of use cases • cf. US National Center for Biotechnology Information, "Oncology Metathesaurus" – 50,000+ classes, ~8 people supporting full time, monthly updates, mandated for use by NIH-funded cancer researchers • OWL DL rigorously followed • Provably consistent • cf. Friend of a Friend (Foaf) – 30+ classes, Dan Brickley and Libby Miller made it, maintained by consensus in a small community of developers • Violates DL rules (undecidable) • Used inconsistently
- 12. Tetherless World Constellation Widely varying use • NCBI Oncology Ontology – “High use” in medical community (~1200 users) – Very "trusted" information (provenance from NCBI) – Primarily terminological (relationships between cancer- related concepts), not data-oriented • FOAF – >60M Foaf people (not necessarily distinct individuals) in hundreds of applications touched by a large community (~1,000,000,000 users) – Used by a number of large providers • If you use LiveJournal, you have a FOAF file – Also flickr, ecademy, tribe, joost, … – And you can export Foaf from Facebook and many other social networking sites
- 13. Tetherless World Constellation Open Graph Protocol from Facebook even lighterweight! Likely to become most used “ontology” ever
- 14. Tetherless World Constellation The argument for NCBI seems compelling • When "folksonomy" isn't enough… Which one do you want your doctor to use?
- 15. Tetherless World Constellation But the cost is too high • Formal modeling finds its use cases in verticals and enterprises – Where the vocabulary can be controlled – Where finding things in the data is important • Example – Drug discovery from data • Model the molecule (site, chemical properties, etc) as faithfully and expressively as possible • Use "Realization" to categorize data assets against the ontology – Bad or missed answers are money down the drain • But the modeling is very expensive and the return on investment must be very high! – Which is part of why the "expert systems revolution" wasn't one – Became part of the technology tool kit, a useful niche in the programming pantheon, but didn't change the world Analogy: the pre-web hypertext world
- 16. Tetherless World Constellation The alternative • OWL is based on RDF, a language designed for the (Semantic) Web – Built with Web architecture in mind • Exploits Web infrastructure, respects W3C TAG recommendations – Internationalization, accessibility, extensibility – Fits the Web culture • Open and extensible, supports communities of interest – If you don't like my ontology, extend it, change it, or build your own • Fits the Web application development paradigm – Scales like "databases" – With some new ways of linking to formal models • Heavy use of a small amount of RDFS and a tiny bit of OWL • Generally used "like it sounds" not like the formal model – Example "owl:sameAs" debate “linked data” often used to describe this low semantics Semantic Web Analogy: the World Wide Web
- 17. Tetherless World Constellation Linked Data + Semantics • "Linked Data" approach finds its use cases in Web Applications (at Web scales) – A lot of data, a little semantics – Finding anything in the mess can be a win! • Example – Declare simple inferable relationships and apply, at scale, to large, heterogeneous data collections • eg. Use InverseFunctional triangulation to find the entities that can be inferred to be the same – These are "heuristics" not every answer must be right (qua Google) – But remember time = money!
- 18. Tetherless World Constellation Raw Government Data NowJanuary1,2009 “Openness will strengthen our democracy and promote efficiency and effectiveness in Government.” --- President Obama Putting Government Data online May21,2009 January19,2010 data.gov.uk online May21,2010 data.gov online data.gov relaunch 6.4 billion triples June30,2009 December8,2009 “Open Government Directive” released
- 19. Tetherless World Constellation Moving data.gov to linked data (UK) • Built around linked data with top- down push from “Number 10”
- 20. Tetherless World Constellation Moving data.gov to linked data (US) • Originated with 3rd parties doing Sem Web bottom up • May 21 2010, embraced by data.gov
- 21. Tetherless World Constellation Data.gov community
- 22. Tetherless World Constellation Pump through to Google Viz for demos
- 24. Tetherless World Constellation Data.gov + epa.gov
- 25. Tetherless World Constellation Adding some Web magic Web Analytics Social Data Networks External Links
- 26. Tetherless World Constellation NTIA internet study vs. libraries
- 27. Tetherless World Constellation NTIA internet funding vs. tweets about #haiti
- 28. Tetherless World Constellation Visualization can help identify data errors Correlates fires, acres burned, and agency budgets
- 29. Tetherless World Constellation Visualization can help identify data errors Were there really no fires in 1985?
- 30. Tetherless World Constellation Combining data from different sites
- 31. Tetherless World Constellation Different ontologies
- 32. Tetherless World Constellation Scaling issues…
- 33. Tetherless World Constellation Linked Data (RDF, SPARQL) Semantic Web (RDFS, owl) Web 3.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 extends current Web applications using Semantic Web, esp semantic and real-time search, technologies and graph-based, open data. “Web 3.0” Web (REST API)
- 34. Tetherless World Constellation Semantic Search IEEE Computer, Jan 2010; IEEE Computing Now, Feb 2010 (free)
- 35. Tetherless World Constellation Semantic Search Semantic Search Powered by RDFa
- 37. Tetherless World Constellation Web 3.0 Applications Lots More
- 38. Tetherless World Constellation Web 3.0 excitement (hype?) • Significant and growing commercial interest… – Web: Google, Amazon, Travelocity… – Web 2.0: Facebook, Wikipedia, YouTube, Twitter… – Web 3.0: ??
- 39. Tetherless World Constellation Summary • The Semantic Web is going just fine thank you – People asking “how,” not why • So far the commercial driver has been “weak semantics” – On the open Web – And in the enterprise • Web 3.0 adds semantics as a value add to regular Web functionality – Semantic search – Semantic match – Semantic etc • The big one is still out there
Editor's Notes
- #38: New data rich applications are also now being used to drive a number of new and exciting applications – companies are finding ways to take data generated by users, couple with data assets, and create new and interesting applications that will power what is now known as “Web 3.0”