The What, Why and How of openness in science
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This document discusses openness in science by exploring the what, why, and how of openness. It defines open as freeing the freedom to use, copy, make derivatives of, and redistribute various media and content. Reasons for openness include transparency, reproducibility, and wider access, while reasons against include commercial interests, competitive advantage, security concerns, and ignorance. The document then outlines licenses that provide varying degrees of freedom like public domain, Creative Commons, and open source licenses and how they are used in scientific publishing and software.
The What, Why and How of openness in science
- 1. What? Why? How? The What, Why and How of openness in science Konrad U. F¨rstner and Lars J. Jensen o Bork Group, EMBL Biocomputing Retreat 2008 February 25th, 2008
- 2. What? Why? How? ∗ Open = free Important freedoms The freedom to use stuff The freedom to copy stuff The freedom to make derivatives The freedom to redistribute ∗ We mean free as in free speech not free beer.
- 3. What? Why? How? What stuff ? Media Text Images Multimedia (Audio/Video) Databases Content Source code Articles Lab notebooks Data like raw measurements, predictions, annotations etc.
- 4. What? Why? How? Motivations Reasons for openness Transparency, reproducibility, quality control Higher impact due to better findability as more people have access Idealistic reasons public payed for research so everybody should have access making the stuff available for humankind
- 5. What? Why? How? Motivations Reasons against openness Commercial interest E.g. patents and company secrets Competive advantage E.g. series of papers Security/ethic E.g. Anthrax research You have something to hide E.g. fraud E.g. dirty hacks Ignorance You have no clues about your options regarding openness
- 6. What? Why? How? Overview of some licenses Default Copyright Patent Trademarks More freedom – user doesn’t have to sign Public domain Creative Commons Open Source licenses like BSD licenses / GPL Less freedom – user does have to sign Academic licences Commercial licences End user licenses
- 7. What? Why? How? More freedom c , PD and CC Creative Commons licenses define the spectrum of possibilities between full copyright and the public domain. Copyright – all rights reserved Public Domain – no rights reserved Creative Commons – some rights reserved
- 8. What? Why? How? Creative Commons licenses Select a license by choosing conditions Attribution No derivative works Non-commercial Share alike (“viral” freedom) Some examples of CC licenses + = Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works + = Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial + + = Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial- No Derivative Works
- 9. What? Why? How? Open Source licences In general possible: Derivatives Commercial use Most important/famous: BSD licenses ≈ Attribution GNU General Public License ≈ Attribution + Share-Alike
- 10. What? Why? How? Dual licensing You can distribute the same stuff under different licenses An academic and a commercial license E.g. SMART E.g. STRING CC+ A Creative Commons license + some other agreement which provides more permissions E.g. NetworKIN GPL and commercial license (e.g. MySQL)
- 11. What? Why? How? Examples where CC and OSS licenses are used in Science Open Access journals Some use Creative Commons licences Attribution - the currency in science Science Commons Open Access Data Biological Materials Transfer Project Neurocommons Software E.g. HMMER licensed under GPL Open Science Science blogs Collaborative sites like OpenWetWare Open labnobooks by using blogs/wikis
- 12. What? Why? How? Image sources/attribution Freedom http://flickr.com/photos/dazzied/427180864/ by Dazzie D Tape (Weekly Assignment) http://flickr.com/photos/fairywren/527609137/ by Fairywren Note Book http://flickr.com/photos/prashant_zi/289482096/ by Prashant ZI Corkscrew http://flickr.com/photos/awrose/121085717/ by Adam Rose Queen’s Guard, Tower of London http://flickr.com/photos/laszlo-photo/133014799/ by LASZLO ILYES Creative Commons Logo http://flickr.com/photos/purzlbaum/239202519/ by Claudio Schwarz Shell http://flickr.com/photos/96dpi/501424695/ by Andreas Levers Tree of Knowledge http://flickr.com/photos/knilram/64366434/ by Knilram
- 13. What? Why? How? About this document A Created in L TEX using the beamer class, TeX Live and Emacs. All these programs run on OpenBSD. http://www.latex-project.org http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net http://www.tug.org/texlive/ http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs http://www.gimp.org/ http://www.openbsd.org Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Document version 1.0 2008/02/25