Theoretical & conceptual framework
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The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for examining problems by developing hypotheses and guiding research design and interpretation. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. The document provides guidance on developing frameworks, including selecting concepts, identifying relationships between concepts, defining concepts, and formulating the theoretical rationale. Frameworks can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive. The document also discusses critiquing frameworks and the contribution of nursing frameworks to research.
Theoretical & conceptual framework
- 1. Theoretical & Conceptual Frame-work -Theoretical Frame-work -Conceptual Frame-work Dr. RS Mehta
- 2. Theory Theories are constructed in order to explain, predict and master phenomena (e.g. relationships, events, or the behavior). In many instances we are constructing models of reality. A theory makes generalizations about observations and consists of an interrelated, coherent set of ideas and models.
- 3. A theoretical framework is analogous to the frame of the house. Just as the foundation supports a house, a theoretical framework provides a rationale for predictions about the relationships among variables of a research study Dr. RS Mehta
- 4. Theory Theories are generated by using inductive processes A deductive approach is used to evaluate and modify existing theory by testing predictions about relationships between observed phenomena Dr. RS Mehta
- 5. Theoretical Framework It provides a context for examining a problem i.e. theoretical rationale for: Developing hypotheses A frame of reference/base for Observations Definitions of concepts Research designs Interpretations Generalizations Serves as a guide to systematically identify logical, precisely defined relationships among Dr. RS Mehta variables
- 6. The Use of a Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research Study The theoretical framework plays an important role in guiding the entire process of the research study Theories are constructed in order to explain, predict and master phenomena (e.g. relationships, events, or the behavior). In many instances we are constructing models of reality. A theory makes generalizations about observations and consists of an interrelated, coherent set of ideas and models. Dr. RS Mehta
- 7. The Use of a Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research Study If the framework is logically sound and substantiated by previous research studies, there is a strong possibility that the predictions or hypotheses evolving from that framework will be supported In some cases, a theoretical rationale in inappropriately used. e.g. a theory is designed to explain a particular behavior in infants may not be appropriate for the study of those behaviors in adults Dr. RS Mehta
- 8. Formulating the Theoretical Framework Purpose: • It helps the researcher see clearly the variables of the study; • It can provide him with a general framework for data analysis; • It is essential in preparing a research proposal using descriptive and experimental methods. Dr. RS Mehta
- 9. conceptual framework A conceptual framework is used in research to outline possible courses of action or to present a preferred approach to an idea or thought. Dr. RS Mehta
- 10. How to Develop a Theoretical Framework or conceptual framework 1. Select concepts a concept is an image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea. e.g. health, pain, intelligence … 2. Identify the interrelationships among concepts Dr. RS Mehta
- 11. How to Develop a Theoretical Framework 3.Formulating definitions: to develop a theoretical framework that can generate and test hypotheses, concepts must be clearly defined A. Conceptual definition … conveys the general meaning of the concept B. Operational definition … adds another dimension to the conceptual definition by delineating the procedures or operations required to measure the concept Some concepts are easily defined in operational terms, e.g. pulse, other concepts are more difficult to define operationally, e.g. coping Dr. RS Mehta
- 12. 4. Formulating the theoretical rationale Through the literature review, an investigator becomes aware of or confirms identified theoretical connections between variables In evaluating the formulation of the theoretical rationale, the internal structures, such as concepts and their definitions, should have clarity and continuity, and the approach to understanding phenomena, whether inductive or deductive, should be logical Dr. RS Mehta
- 13. Types of Theories & Types of Research Theories may describe a particular phenomenon, explain relationships between or among phenomena, or predict how one phenomenon affects another Descriptive theories “describe or classify specific dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events by summarizing the commonalities found in discrete observations To test descriptive theories, researchers conduct descriptive research studies Dr. RS Mehta
- 14. Types of Theories & Types of Research Explanatory theories “specify relations among the dimensions or characteristics of individuals, groups, situations, or events Explanatory theories are tested by using correlational research Dr. RS Mehta
- 15. Predictive theories are intended to predict “precise relationships between the dimensions or characteristics of a phenomenon or differences between groups” Predictive theories are tested through Experimental or quasi-experimental research designs Dr. RS Mehta
- 16. Contribution of Nursing Theories or Frameworks to Research When developing a theoretical framework for nursing research studies, knowledge is acquired through: Disciplines other than nursing and borrowed for the purpose of answering nursing questions Identifying and asking questions about phenomena that are unique to nursing Dr. RS Mehta
- 17. Contribution of Nursing Theories or Frameworks to Research Theories unique to nursing help nursing define how it is different from other disciplines The central phenomena of interest to nursing are persons, environment, health & nursing Dr. RS Mehta
- 18. Critiquing the theoretical framework 1. Is the theoretical framework clearly identified? 2. Is the theoretical framework consistent with what is being studied? 3. Are the concepts clearly and operationally defined? Do they reflect the area of investigation? 4. Was sufficient literature reviewed to support the proposed relationships? 5. Is the theoretical basis for hypothesis formulation clearly articulated? Is it logical? Dr. RS Mehta
- 19. Critiquing the theoretical framework 6. Are the relationships among propositions clearly defined? 7. If the theory is borrowed from a discipline other than nursing, are the data related specifically to nursing? 8. Does the instrument used to measure the variables, consistent with the theoretical framework? 9. Are the study findings related to the theoretical rationale? Dr. RS Mehta
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- 25. Thank You Dr. RS Mehta