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Thinking in English
information structures
task array
JACET ESP, Toyo University, December 19, 2015
Lawrie Hunter
lawriehunter.com
lawriehunter@gmail.com
INPUT
USAGE PRACTICE
AUTHENTIC TASK
EXPRESSION
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum:
Description
Classification
Comparison
Sequence
Cause-effect
Inference
Pro-con
Example: sequence
•Unit 2: Sequence
• Input: listening and speaking: Giving directions and telling a story
• Input: instructions and narration: Giving directions and telling a story
•Usage practice: sequencing: The steps for making an omelette
• Usage practice: giving instructions: Telling how to _______
• Input: narration: Mr. Nakamura’s Day: Dictation
• Usage practice: writing: Mr. Nakamura's Sunday
• Authentic task: narration: Putting a story in order
• Usage practice: sequence words: Making a story better
• Input: comparing instructions and narration: finding verbs and signal words
• Authentic task: Get the gold!
• Expression: Unit 2 final report: how Kenji and Junichi Got the Gold
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Input
Sequence structure signals
First
To begin
Then
Next
After that
Finally
At last
In the end
While + clause A, clause B
After + clause A, clause B
As + clause A, clause B
When + clause A, clause B
If + clause A, clause B
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Input
Sequence structure signals
Processing input containing signals
1. First I got up
and then I went to the bathroom
and had a shower.
After that I got dressed
and went to the kitchen.
2. First I took the milk
out of the fridge.
Then I went to the cupboard
and got a glass.
Finally I poured myself a glass of milk
and drank it.
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Sequence structure signals
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Usage practice
Graphics
from
sentences
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Usage practice
Sentences
from
graphics
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Sentences from graphics
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Usage practice
Ordering
information
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Usage practice
Combining
sentences
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Input:
register
Finding
structure
signals
and other
lexical
items
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Input
Usage practice
Authentic task
Expression
Authentic task
Real-world
problem
Example: sequence
Hunter's knowledge structures curriculum
Sentence level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level pattern anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level pattern anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Textual anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Perceptual anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Lexical anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Lexical anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Sentence level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Discourse level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Discourse level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Discourse level anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Page gestalt anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Page gestalt anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Page gestalt anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Moves anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Register anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
Pragmatics anchoring (next slide)
Putting
things
in
places
Anchoring types
weightlessness
the need to develop a better
method of ensuring oral hygiene
for those who spend long periods
in space
placed a mouse in an airplane and
checked the rate of growth of
streptococcus mutans….. in the
mouse's mouth… at different levels
of gravity.
in zero gravity
bacteria grew 40 to
50 times faster than
on Earth
increase in the growth rate of the
bacteria that cause cavities
the flow of saliva
changes in a state of
weightlessness
less saliva is
secreted in
space…
other bacteria in the
mouth may afflict some
space travelers with
infectious diseases
develop a toothbrush that will ooze toothpaste from the
tips of the bristles and reabsorb it while the user is
brushing his or her teeth
use of
water is
restricted
in space,
astronauts swallow
toothpaste after
brushing their teeth
increased chance of
bacteria remaining
on teeth
Communication moves
PROPOSAL
PROCEDURE
CLAIM
What?
The proposal is a
distractor from the
topic, a CLAIM.
hunter systems
Pragmaticsanchoring
EXERCISE:
Please identify the
communication move
for each minimap and
write it in the
corresponding box.
Then write names of the
relations between
minimaps in the spaces
between boxes.
LIST of some moves:
circumstance/background
condition/extension
elaboration/support
sequence/procedure/list
observation/result
speculation/projection
comparison/contrast
need/objective
application/enablement
cause/result
summary
http://www.sfu.ca/rst/01intro/intro.html
EXTENSION
Research supporting claim
CLAIM (fact: ‘according to”)
LINK? (No rhet signal)
Anchoring types
Readability anchoring
Putting
things
in
places
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., & Silverstein, M. (1997) A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. New York: Oxford University Press.
Baddeley, A. D. & Hitch, G. (2001). Working memory in perspective: Foreword. In J. Andrade (Ed.),
Working memory in perspective (pp. xv-xix). Hove: Psychology Press.
Brown, J.S. & Duguid, P. (2000) The social life of information. Harvard Business School Press.
Chandler, P. and J. Sweller (1992) The split-attention effect as a factor in the design of instruction.
British Journal of Educational Psychology 62: 233-246.
Goldman, S. R., & Rakestraw, Jr., J. A. Structural aspects of constructing meaning from text. In M. L. Kamil,
P. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3, pp. xx-xx). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gopen, G.D. and Swan, J.A. (1990) The Science of Scientific Writing. American Scientist (Nov-Dec 1990),
Volume 78, 550-558. Downloadable as a pdf from http://www.amstat.org/publications/jcgs/sci.pdf
Horn, R. E. (1998) Visual Language: Global Communication for the 21st Century. Bainbridge Island, WA: MacroVU Press.
http://www.macrovu.com
Hunter, L. (1998) Text nouveau, visible structure in text presentation. Computer Assisted Language Learning 11 (4) October 1998.
Hunter, L. (2002) Information structure diagrams as link icons. Learning Technology 4(3) July 2002. ISSN 1438-0625. 2002.
http://lttf.ieee.org/learn_tech/issues/july2002/index.html#1
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1990). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press.
Mann, William C. and Sandra A. Thompson (1988). Rhetorical structure theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization."
Text 8 (3): 243-281.
Mohan, B.A. (1986) Language and content. Addison-Wesley.
Moutoux, E.R. Sentence Diagrams: One Way of Learning English Grammar.
http://www.geocities.com/gene_moutoux/diagrams.htm
Olive, Thierry (2004) Working memory in writing: Empirical evidence from the dual-task technique.
European psychologist 9(1), pp. 32-42.
Working paper downloaded from http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15431008
Schriver, K.A. (1997). Dynamics in Document Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Tufte, E.R. (1990) Envisioning information. Cheshire, CONN: Graphics Press.
Shannon, C.E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Explained at http://www.tcw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Communication%20and%20Information%20Technology/Information_Theory.doc/
and http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/introductory/sw.html
Swales, C. and Feak, C. (2004) Academic Writing for Graduate Students. 2nd edition. University of Michigan Press.
Thank you
for your kind attention.
Don’t hesitate to write to me.
I share!
Lawrie Hunter
lawriehunter.com
lawriehunter@gmail.com

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"Thinking in English" information structures task array