Transforming the Library through Gamification

Transforming
the Library through
Gamification
Bohyun Kim
http://bohyunkim.net/blog | @bohyunkim [Twitter]
Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/bohyunkim
ALAWorkshop - May 6, 2015 #t_gamification

LTR
Vol 51, No 2 (2015)
http://journals.ala.org
/ltr/issue/view/502
Bohyun Kim, “Learning with Games in Medicine and Healthcare and the
Potential Role of Libraries,” in Games in Libraries: Essays on Using Play to
Connect and Instruct., ed. Breanne Kirsch, McFarland, 2014. pp. 152-170.
For deeper understanding
and more detailed
discussion,

Game Industry Is Huge.
Entertainment Software Association, 2014 Essential Facts About the Computer andVideoGame,
http://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ESA_EF_2014.pdf

Gaming Is Popular Online.
Over 700 million people play online games worldwide, which is more than
44 percent of 1.6 billion, the world’s online population.
- 2013 State of Online Gaming Report (Hilversum, the Netherlands: Spil Games, 2013), 4, http://auth-
83051f68-ec6c-44e0-afe5-
bd8902acff57.cdn.spilcloud.com/v1/archives/1384952861.25_State_of_Gaming_2013_US_FINAL.pdf

40 Million People in U.S
Gaming +40 hrs. aWeek
 According to a game researcher, Jane McGonigal, there
are currently more than half a billion people worldwide
playing computer and video games at least an hour a day,
183 million in the United States alone.
 Five million gamers in the United States are spending
more than forty hours a week playing games, which is the
equivalent of a full time job.
Jane McGonigal, “We Spend 3 Billion Hours a Week as a Planet Playing Videogames. Is It
Worth It? How Could It Be MORE Worth It?”TED Conversations Archives, February 2011,
http://www.ted.com/conversations/44/we_spend_3_billion_hours_a_wee.html

Gaming Is Engaging.
2013 State of Online Gaming Report (Hilversum, the Netherlands: SpilGames, 2013), 12, http://auth-
83051f68-ec6c-44e0-afe5-
bd8902acff57.cdn.spilcloud.com/v1/archives/1384952861.25_State_of_Gaming_2013_US_FINAL.pdf

I. Gamification
 The term gamification was coined by Nick Pelling in 2002.
 Mariusz Szyma, “Who coined the term ‘gamification’”?
Quora, March 19, 2013. https://www.quora.com/Who-
coined-the-term-gamification.
 It became popular in the second half of 2010 and after that
the term came to see widespread adoption.
 In 2011, gamification was added to Gartner’s hype cycle for
emerging technologies.

Game vs. Gamification
GAME: An imaginary world that is separate from reality
vs.
GAMIFICATION: A game layer on top of the real world
 Not the same as creating a game but transferring some of
the positive characteristics of a game to something that is
not a game, thus, gami-“fy”-ing.
 Those positive characteristics of a game are often loosely
described as “fun,” and they have the effect of engaging
game players in the activity.

https://www.waze.com/
Waze - RealTimeTraffic

Over 18 Million Players
http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/running/nikeplus/gps-app
Nick Summers, “Nike+ Now Has Over 18 Million Members,” The NextWeb Blog, August 21, 2013,
http://thenextweb.com/insider/2013/08/21/nike- now-has-18m-members-logging-their-daily-exercise- with-a-
fuelband-sportwatch-or-fitness-app.

Nike+ Badges
http://www.garcard.com/nikeplus.php

+45 million users & 5 billion
check-ins in Dec. 2013.
Cooper Smith, “Foursquare’s New Big Data Initiative Is Going to Help ItThrive, Even As the Check-inWithers,”
Business Insider, January 14, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/foursquare-surpasses-45-million-registered-
users-and-begins-collecting-data-in-new-ways-2-2014-1.

CathAChoo – 20,000
people in London, 2010
http://mashable.com/2010/04/27/fo
ursquare-jimmy-choo/
https://www.facebook.com/notes/ji
mmy-choo/announcing-the-jimmy-
choo-trainer-hunt/388778516181

2015 NMC Horizon Report
http://www.nmc.org/publication/nmc-horizon-report-2015-higher-education-edition/

Gamification Is Not New.
 If you have to hit 2,500 tennis balls a day, how would you
handle that kind of intense training?
 Andrew Agassi at the age of seven imagined a ball
machine as a black dragon spitting balls to smite him.
Dignan, Aaron. Game Frame: Using Games as a Strategy for Success. Simon and Schuster,
2011., p.80.

Gamification ≠Technology.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kayray/4854361154

SoWhat Changed?
1) The rapid adoption of the smartphone
2) The tremendous growth of the mobile web
 From 2007 to 2011, wireless data traffic onAT&T, the second
largest wireless carrier in the United States, has grown 20,000
percent, at least doubling itself every year since 2007.
 Mobile data traffic is expected to grow by 61 percent annually into
2018, with the extra traffic from just one year, 2017, to be triple
the size of the entire mobile Internet in 2013.
ChrisVelazco, “AT&T’sWireless DataTraffic Doubles EveryYear, butThrottling Is Not the
Solution,”Tech- Crunch, February 14, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/ 2012/02/14/atts-wireless-
data-traffic-doubles-everyyear-but-throttling-is-not-the-solution.
Matt Hamblen, “Mobile DataTraffic Is Expected to Explode 11-Fold by 2018,” Computerworld,
February 5, 2014, www.computerworld.com/article/2487327/ wireless-networking/mobile-
data-traffic-is-expected- to-explode-11-fold-by-2018.html.
3) The increased use of social media
Kim, Bohyun. Understanding Gamification. Vol. 51. Library Technology Report. ALA
TechSource, 2015, p. 7-8.

What Is New
 Not the idea of applying gaming elements to a real- world
activity, but how seamlessly, ubiquitously, and socially
those gaming elements are now applied.
 We now carry our address book, e-mails, notes, calendar,
map, social media accounts, and even spending history
and patterns (if you use one of those personal finance
apps) in one small smartphone. Being placed in the same
device where all this information resides and which we
carry everywhere we go, games can easily slip into our
real-world activities.
 Where and how we play games
Kim, Bohyun. UnderstandingGamification.Vol. 51. LibraryTechnology Report.ALA
TechSource, 2015, p.8.

Real & Online Life
 Gamification rewards our behavior on the web, often on
the mobile web, with social connections and statuses.
 As we spend more and more time online, the boundary
between our online and real life will only become
increasingly blurry, and more things will start crossing over
between these two domains.
 Gamification is an early harbinger of this broader trend.
TechSource, 2015, p. 8-9.

Bohyun Kim, “I CAN DO IT ALL BY MYSELF,” ALA Conference, 2012,
http://www.slideshare.net/bohyunkim/i-can-do-it-all-by-mysef-exploring-new-roles-for-
libraries-and-mediating-technologies-in-addressing-the-diy-mindset-of-library-patrons

Most critical in the times of
abundant information is
how to engage people.
Gaming is a proven tool for
engagement.
This is why gamification is an
important trend.

II. Gamification
: Examples & Definition

The Piano Stairs
in Stockholm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lXh2n0aPyw

The Speed Camera Lottery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iynzHWwJXaA

Bottle Bank Arcade Machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSiHjMU-MUo

Power of Gamification
 When the Piano Stairs were installed in Odenplan,
Stockholm, 66 percent more people chose the stairs over
the escalator.
 During the three-day trial period, 24,857 cars passed the
Speed Camera Lottery machine. The average driving
speed went down from 32 km per hour to 25 km per hour, a
22 percent reduction.
 The Bottle Bank Arcade machine was used by nearly one
hundred people over one night. During the same period,
the nearby conventional bottle bank was used only twice.
 People are willing to make efforts for fun and do good
things at the same time.

Zombies, Run!
https://www.zombiesrungame.com/

Gamified Banking
https://www.simple.com/goals

http://techcrunch.com/2011/09/02/simple-energy-and-san-diego-gas-electric-
team-up-to-encourage-conservation-through-gaming/

SDG&E Contest in 2012
 Those who used the same energy-saving gaming
app achieved 20 percent savings on average,
compared to 9 percent by those who used only
the device without the app.
 The winner of the Biggest Energy Saver Contest
by San Diego Gas and Electric achieved as much
as 46.5 percent energy savings, equal to 1,356
kilowatt hours for her family of three.
“SDG&ECelebrates San Diego’s Biggest Energy Savers,” news release, San DiegoGas and Electric, January 6, 2012,
www.sdge.com/newsroom/ press-releases/2012-01-06/sdge-celebrates- san-diego’s-biggest-energy-savers.

Gaming vs. Playing
 Caillois’s concept of paidia (“playing”) vs. ludus (gaming)
 Playing: A more free- form, expressive, improvisational,
even “tumultuous” recombination of behaviors and
meanings
 Gaming: Playing structured by rules and competitive strife
toward goals.
 Main characteristic of Gaming” - Explicit rule systems and
the competition or strife of actors in those systems
towards discrete goals or outcomes.
Sebastian Deterding, Dan Dixon, Rilla Khaled, and Lennart Nacke, “From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness:
Defining ‘Gamification,’” in Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future
Media Environments (NewYork: Association for Computing Machinery, 2011),

Sebastian Deterding, Dan Dixon, Rilla Khaled, and Lennart Nacke, “From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining
‘Gamification,’” in Proceedings of the 15th InternationalAcademic MindTrekConference: Envisioning Future Media Environments (New
York:Association for Computing Machinery, 2011),v

Playful Design
“Twitter FailWhale is back,” https://www.flickr.com/photos/playerx/3090739418, by Flickr user Rob Friedman/playerx / @px,
playerx.net, licensed under the CreativeCommons Attribution 2.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0.

Def. 1
 “Gamification is the process of game-thinking and game
mechanics to engage users and solve problems.”
(Emphasis added)
Gabe Zichermann and Christopher Cunningham, Gamification by Design: ImplementingGame
Mechanics inWeb and Mobile Apps (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Me- dia, 2011), xiv.

Def. 2
 “Gamification is the use of game design elements
characteristic for games in non-game contexts, which is
differentiated from playful design and a full-fledged
game.” (Emphasis added)
Sebastian Deterding, Dan Dixon, Rilla Khaled, and Lennart Nacke, “From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness:
Defining ‘Gamification,’” in Proceedings of the 15th InternationalAcademic MindTrekConference: Envisioning Future
Media Environments (NewYork:Association for Computing Machinery, 2011),

Def. 3
 “Gamification (of learning and instruction) is the delivery
of content—for a purpose other than pure entertainment—
using game-based thinking and mechanics.” (Emphasis
added)
Karl M. Kapp, TheGamification of Learning and Instruction:Game-Based Methods and Strategies for
Training and Education (San Francisco: Pfeiffer, 2012), 17.

Def. 4
 “Gamification is the use of game mechanics and experience
design to digitally engage and motivate people to achieve
their goals.” (Emphasis added)
Brian Burke, “Gartner RedefinesGamification,” Gartner Blog Network, April 4, 2014, http://
blogs.gartner.com/brian_burke/2014/04/04/gartner-redefines-gamification.

Def. 5
 “Gamification could be more narrowly defined as
incorporating game elements into a non-gaming software
application to increase user experience and engagement.”
(Emphasis added)
Adrián Domínguez, Joseba Saenz-de-Navarrete, Luis de-Marcos, Luis Fernández-Sanz,Carmen
Pagés, and José-Javier Martínez-Herráiz, “Gamifying Learning Experiences: Practical Implications
and Outcomes,” Computers and Education 63 (April 2013): 381, doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.12.020.

Defining Characteristics
 Gamification can take the form of a paper-and-pencil
game or that of a mobile app.
 What is important in gamification is that it does engage
and help people to achieve their real-life goals using
appropriate gaming elements and dynamics.
 Minimal effort
 Simpler gaming effect
 Not a full-fledged game

Playful Design
or Gamification?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lXh2n0aPyw

ARG (Game) <
Gamification?
https://www.zombiesrungame.com/

III. Building Blocks
of Gamification
Mechanics
Dynamics
Aesthetics

GamificaionWiki
 “Game Mechanics,” GamificationWiki, Badgeville website,
accessed November 3, 2014,
http://badgeville.com/wiki/Game_Mechanics
 Game Mechanics: Achievements, appointments,
behavioral momentum, blissful productivity, bonuses,
cascading information theory, combos, community
collaboration, countdown, discovery, epic meaning, free
lunch, infinite gameplay, levels, loss aversion, lottery,
ownership, points, progression, quests, reward schedules,
status, urgent optimism, and virality.

47 from SCVNGR
 Erick Schonfeld, “SCVNGR’s Secret Game Mechanics Playdeck,”
TechCrunch,August 25, 2010,
http://techcrunch.com/2010/08/25/scvngr-game-mechanics
 47 game dynamics used by SCVNGR, a mobile, location- based
gamification company.
 Avoidance, behavioral contrast, chain schedules, companion gaming,
contingency, cross situational leaderboards, disincentives, endless
games, extinction, fixed interval reward schedule, fixed interval ratio
schedules, fun once fun always, interval rewards schedule, lottery,
loyalty, meta game, micro leaderboards, modifiers, moral hazard of
gameplay, pride, privacy, ratio reward schedule, real-time vs. delayed
mechanics, reinforce, response, reward schedule, rolling physical
goods, shell game, social fabric of games, variable interval reward
schedule, variable ratio reward schedule, and virtual items.
 SCVNGR no longer exists.

The MDA Framework
Robin Hunicke, Marc Leblanc, and Robert Zubek, “MDA: A Formal Approach to Game Design and
Game Research,” in Proceedings of the Challenges in Games AIWorkshop, Nineteenth National
Conference of Artificial Intelligence (San Jose, CA: AAAI Press, 2004), 2.

Robin Hunicke, Marc Leblanc, and Robert Zubek, “MDA: A Formal Approach to Game Design and
Game Research,” in Proceedings of the Challenges in Games AIWorkshop, Nineteenth National
Conference of Artificial Intelligence (San Jose, CA: AAAI Press, 2004), 2.

Game Design & Play
 Players experience game mechanics as the rules of a
game, while designers think of them as various player
actions and control mechanisms.
 Dynamics appear to game players as the system that
creates the desirable game experience. Game designers
see them as design principles for the interaction between
game mechanics and players.
 Aesthetics are the goal of gameplay itself for game
players.To game designers, they are the ultimate
emotional responses or states that they want to generate
in people through the use of game dynamics and game
mechanics.

MDA Applied
 Mechanics: Points, badges, leaderboards, statuses, levels,
quests, countdowns, tasks/quests/missions (The rules of a game
to players; player actions/control mechanisms to game
designers. )
[E.g. shuffling and betting in a card game]
 Dynamics: Appointment, behavioral momentum, feedback,
progress, time pressure, and certain abilities that game avatars
can develop. (Game elements that are concerned with the
interaction between concrete game mechanics and players at a
more abstract level)
[E.g. bluffing]
 Aesthetics: Achievement, challenge, discovery, epic meaning,
blissful productivity, sensation, and fantasy. (The desired
experience that games attempt to generate through game-
play)
[E.g. suspense, excitement, joy]

IV. Gamification of Learning
 Game- based learning and serious games focus on
using commercial video games or creating full-
fledged video games for education.
 Since gamification uses game mechanics and
dynamics for educational purposes, serious games
and gamification are often discussed together, and
their boundaries tend to blur.
Kim, Bohyun. Understanding Gamification.Vol. 51. LibraryTechnology
Report. ALATechSource, 2015, p. 21.

Serious Games
 Serious games tend to give a much stronger role to certain
gaming elements, such as avatar, fantasy, story and
narrative, and fully virtual environment for play.
 The discussion on serious games also tends to focus more
on the content of learning, while gamification is more
broadly applied for motivating and engaging learners.
 In reality, it can be tricky to identify the point where
gamification ends and a full-fledged serious game begins.
 Just like gamification, a serious game has a purpose that is
always more than entertainment.
TechSource, 2015, p. 21.

Cisco Binary Game
http://forums.cisco.com/CertCom/game/binary_game_page.htm

http://www.fantasygeopolitics.com/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czpnSDFFDWo

http://q2l.org/

V. Game & Gamification
in Libraries
http://cms.uflib.ufl.edu/games/gap/gameoverview

Teen Summer Challenge
- Pierce County Library
http://challengebeta.mypcls.org

Teen Summer Challenge
- Leaderboard

http://library.pdx.edu/digital-badges-for-creativity-and-critical-thinking/
https://credly.com/
Digital Badge
Platform Used

Badge Example
Digital Badge Platform Used - Purdue Passport Studio
http://www.itap.purdue.edu/studio/passport/

LibraryQuest
Apple App Store
https://itunes.apple.co
m/us/app/library-
quest/id684978642?mt
=8
Google Play
https://play.google.co
m/store/apps/details?id
=air.com.yeticgi.library
quest
GVSU Library Quest
DesignWorksheet
http://acrl.ala.org/techc
onnect/wp-
content/uploads/2014/0
8/Raiders-of-the-
Lost%E2%80%A6Bin_.d
ocx

Arizona State University Libraries
Univ. of California, Merced, Library
Univ. of New Mexico
…
SCVNGR no longer exists.

Edventure Builder
http://www.greendoorlabs.com/

The National Library of Finland
- DigitalKoot
http://www.digitalkoot.fi/index_en.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=9-W9cf9u9Qw

110,000 people
+8 million word fixes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7gXkdSPXWQ

‘UR’ by the British Museum and
University of Pennsylvania Museum
http://urcrowdsource.org/omeka/transcribe

Alleen-Willems, Russell. “#5 Digitizing Fieldnotes through Crowdsourcing andGames.” Diachronic Design,
August 19, 2013. http://www.diachronicdesign.com/blog/2013/08/19/5-digitizing-fieldnotes-through-
crowdsourcing-and-games/.

VI. Designing Gamification
 A Clear Goal
 Target Group and UserTypes
 Gender, Age, Culture,
 Academic Performance
 Learning Content

UserTypes
 Achievers: Points-gathering and rising in levels
 Explorers: “Try progressively esoteric actions in wild, out-
of-the-way places, looking for interesting features . . . and
figuring out how things work.”
 “Socialisers are interested in people... Inter-player
relationships are important: empathising with people,
sympathising, joking, entertaining, listening; even merely
observing people play can be rewarding—seeing them
grow as individuals, maturing over time.”
 “Killers get their kicks from imposing themselves on [and
causing distress to] others.”
Richard Bartle, “Hearts,Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: PlayersWho Suit MUDs,” self-published online 1996,
http://mud.co.uk/richard/hcds.htm.

Gender
 Kron et al. discovered that female students were about 35
percent as likely as male students to enjoy the competitive
aspects of the video games.
Frederick W. Kron, Craig L. Gjerde, Ananda Sen, and Michael D. Fetters, “Medical StudentAttitudes
towardVideoGames and Related New MediaTechnologies
in Medical Education,” BMC Medical Education 10:50 (2010): 7, doi:10.1186/1472-6920-10-50.

Age
 A study byWohn and Lee showed that younger players
(under age 32) play Facebook games to pass the time and
relieve boredom, while older players (age 32 and up) play
Facebook games to help others and also to get support
and help from others.
DongheeYvetteWohn andYu-Hao Lee, “Players of Facebook Games and HowThey Play,” Entertainment Computing 4,
no. 3 (2013): 172, doi:10.1016/ j.entcom.2013.05.002.

Culture
 Another study by Lee andWohn revealed that different
cultural orientations, such as individualism and
collectivism, affect people’s expected outcomes of playing
social network games, such as social interaction,
recognition, entertainment, and diversion and that those
expected outcomes in turn affect different game usage
patterns.
Yu-Hao Lee and DongheeYvette Wohn, “AreThere Cultural Differences in HowWe Play?
Examining Cultural Effects on Playing Social Network Games,” Computers in Human Behavior
28, no. 4 (July 2012): 1307–14, doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.014.

Academic Performance
 Kanthan and Senger studied the results of the midterm exam
for second-year medical students after the use of a serious
game and found that the results indicated that the game
improved academic performance outcomes of students at the
lower end of the scale more than those at the higher end.
Rani Kanthan and Jenna-Lynn Senger, “The Impact of Specially Designed Digital
Games-Based Learning in Undergraduate Pathology and Medical Education,”
Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 1 (January 2011): 141,
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204720.
 Serious games benefit students with less self-motivation and
lower grades.
RichardVan Eck, “Digital Game-Based Learning: It’s Not Just the Digital Natives
Who Are Restless,” Edu- cause Review 41, no. 2 (2006): 16–30.

Right GameType
for Learning Goals
 Card games for promoting the ability to match concepts,
manipulate numbers, and recognize patterns
 Jeopardy-style games for promoting the learning of verbal
information (facts, labels, and propositions) and concrete
concepts
 Arcade-style games for promoting speed of response,
automaticity, and visual processing
 Adventure games for promoting hypothesis testing and
problem solving
RichardVan Eck, “Digital Game-Based Learning: It’s Not Just the Digital Natives
Who Are Restless,” Educause Review 41, no. 2 (2006): 16–30.

VII. Critiques of Gamification
 Trivialization
 “Exploitationware”
:Counterfeit rather than genuine incentives?
 Motivation
 Intrinsic
 Extrinsic
 Rewards
 Tangible
 Verbal

 Deci, Koestner, and Ryan conducted a meta-analysis of 128
studies on the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic
motivation.Their meta-analysis showed that “engagement-
contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-
contingent rewards significantly undermined free-choice
intrinsic motivation . . . , as did all rewards, all tangible rewards,
and all expected rewards. Engagement-contingent and
completion-contingent rewards also significantly undermined
self-reported interest . . . , as did all tangible rewards and all
expected rewards. Positive feedback [i.e., verbal rewards]
enhanced both free-choice behavior . . . and self-reported
interest.Tangible rewards tended to be more detrimental for
children than college students,” and verbal rewards tended to
be less enhancing for children than college students.That is,
external rewards undermine intrinsic motivation.
Edward L. Deci, Richard Koestner, and Richard M. Ryan, “A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of
Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation,” Psychological Bulletin 125, no. 6 (November 1999): 627–68, doi:10.1037/0033-
2909.125.6.627.

Learners’ Motivation
 Unlike in recycling or driving, however, educators care
a great deal about whether a student is intrinsically or
extrinsically motivated to participate in a learning
activity.
 What if educational gamification undermines
students’ intrinsic motivation for learning?
 Would rewards such as points, statuses, or tangible
prizes reduce or destroy students’ intrinsic motivation
to learn? Is gamification harmful rather than helpful to
learning?

Not AllTangible Rewards
NeedTo Be Removed
 Gamification used for one-time activity, such as a library
orientation or a promotional campaign, is not subject to its
long-term negative effect on intrinsic motivation.
 Gamifying an activity that participants find dull or boring is also
safe from such concerns because there is little intrinsic
motivation to begin with to be undermined by rewards.
 Also, gamification that offers an unexpected non–task-
contingent reward can be utilized without the undermining
effect on intrinsic motivation.
 Verbal rewards, also known as positive feedback, can be
incorporated into gamification to enhance intrinsic motivation
for adults as long as it is not given in a controlling manner.

Limits of Gamification
 Gamification itself does not automatically generate motivation
or engagement. Gamification needs people’s buy-in because
they should care enough to play along.The more closely the
goal of gamification aligns with the goal of a player, the more
successful the gamification will be.
 Such gamification minimizes the potential negative effect on
intrinsic motivation because players are already intrinsically
motivated to perform the activity.They may need just a little
extra push to actually do the work.
 As the designers of gamification, we also need to ensure that
the rewards attached to gamification are appropriate to the
context and do not pose the risk of distorting the intended
context.
TechSource, 2015, p.33-34.

Applying GamificationWisely
 The fact that the reach of gamification has limits should
not detract from its value.
 We need to instead apply gamification wisely,
thoughtfully, and selectively with :
 a clear goal,
 a thorough understanding of the target audience, the
nature of the target activity, the gamified learning content
 appropriate and effective rewards for the intended context.
 How to measure the success of gamification should be also
planned ahead in relation to the goal of gamification.

Library Games
http://gamemakinginterestgroup.wikispaces.com/Library+Game+Examples

Fantasy Geopolitics
2009-2013
https://sit
es.googl
e.com/sit
e/epichist
orycenter
/fantasyg
eopolitics

Be Patient
http://www.fantasygeopolitics.com/

Questions?
http://bohyunkim.net/blog
@bohyunkim [Twitter]
Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/bohyunkim
LTRVol 51, No 2 (2015)
Download:http://journals.ala.org/ltr/issue/view
/502

Transforming the Library through Gamification

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