Types of bridge(concept)
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Types of bridges include arch, truss, cantilever, cable-stayed, and suspension bridges. Key factors in bridge site selection are a straight river reach, steady non-turbulent flow, narrow channel, suitable high banks, rock or hard soil near the riverbed, and economical approaches without obstacles. The economic span is the length that minimizes overall cost based on materials, labor, and climate. Bridges cause afflux by reducing the natural waterway area around supports. Freeboard is the safety vertical distance between the flood level and main structure.
Types of bridge(concept)
- 1. Types of Bridge (Concept) Data Collected by: Kushal Patel
- 2. DEFINITION: Bridge • A structure made for carrying road traffic or other moving load over a obstruction such as river, road or railway is said to be as bridge.
- 3. Uses of Bridges • Walkways • Highways/Roads • Railways • Pipelines • Connecting lands • Crossing rivers and canyons
- 4. Site Selection for Bridge 1. A straight reach of the river. 2. Steady river flow without cross currents: 3. A narrow channel with firm banks 4. Suitable high banks above high flood level on each side.
- 6. Site Selection for Bridge 5. Rock or other hard in erodible strata close to the river bed level. 6. Economical approaches which should not be very high or long or liable to flank attacks of the river during floods, the approaches Should be free from obstacles such as hills, frequent drainage crossings, scared places, graveyards or built up areas or troublesome land acquisition
- 7. Site Selection for Bridge 7. Absence of sharp curves in the approaches. 8. Absence of expensive river training works. 9. Avoidance of excessive underwater construction.
- 8. ECONOMIC SPAN • THE SPAN OF THE BRIDGE WHICH REDUCES OVERALL COST OF BRIDGE TO BE MINIMUM. • THE OVER ALL COST OF BRIDGE DEPENDS ON FOLLOWING FACTOR: • COST OF MATERIAL • AVALIABLITY OF SKILLED LABOUR • SPAN LENGTH • CLIMATIC CONDITION
- 9. AFFLUX • WHEN BRIDGE IS CONSTRUCTED THE STRUCTURES SUCH AS ABUTMENT, WING WALL, PIERS CAUSE REDUCTION IN NATURAL WATER WAY AREA. THIS CONTRACTION IS SAID TO BE AS AFFLUX.
- 10. FREEBOARD • THE VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN DESIGNED HFL AND THE MAIN CARRYING ELEMENT
- 11. Types of Bridges • Arch • Truss • Cantilever • Cable-Stayed • Suspension
- 12. What makes a bridge stay up? • Forces • Compression – a pushing or squeezing force • Tension – a pulling or stretching force
- 13. Arch Bridges • Keystone – the wedge- shaped stone of an arch that locks its parts together • Abutments – the structures that support the ends of the bridge
- 14. Arch Bridges • Works by Compression
- 15. Arch Bridges
- 16. Cold Spring Arch Bridge, Santa Barbara, CA
- 17. Marsh Rainbow Arch, Riverton, KS
- 18. Pont du Gard, Nimes, France
- 19. Cable-Stayed Bridges • Piers – the vertical supporting structures • Cables – thick steel ropes from which the decking is suspended • Decking – the supported roadway on a bridge
- 20. Cable-Stayed Bridges • Works by Tension AND Compression
- 22. Zakim Bridge, Boston, MA
- 23. Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Tampa, FL
- 24. Sundial Bridge, Redding, CA
- 25. Suspension Bridges • Similar to Cable-Stayed • Different construction method
- 26. Suspension Bridges • Works by Tension and Compression
- 28. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, CA
- 29. Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn, NY
- 30. Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, New York, NY
- 31. Truss Southern Pacific Railroad Bridge, Tempe, AZ
- 32. Questions?