Types of text in english

Created By : Hilda Febrina
Teacher : Leli Yuspita
Class : X MIA 6
Types Of Text In
English
09/01/2015 1Types of text in English

Table of Contents
Descriptive Text
Narrative Text
Recount Text
Explanation Text
Procedure Text
Report Text
Analytical
Exposition Text
News Item Text
Spoof Text
Disscussion Text
Review Text
Hortatory
Exposition Text
Anecdot Text

What is Descriptive
Text? ‘-’)?
~ Definition of Narrative Text
Descriptive text is a text which presents information about
something specifically.
~ Example :
* Place
* Thing
* And many more
* People
1
1.1

Generic Structure of
Descriptive Text
1. Identification : introduce a particular person or thing or place.
Language Feature of
Descriptive Text
2. Description : describing physical appearance, quality,
behaviour, etc.
1.2
1.3
1. Using Simple
Present Tense
2. Using action
verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special
technical terms
4Types of text in English

Example of Descriptive Text
#1 (Place)
1.4
The National Monument
The National Monument (or Monument Nasional) is a 132
meters tower in the center of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. It
symbolizes the fight for Indonesia’s independence. The monument
consist of a 117,7 m obelisk on a 45 m square platform at a height of
17 m.
The towering monument symbolizes the philosophy of
Lingga and Yoni. Lingga resembles, rice pestle (alu) and Yoni
resembles a mortar rice (lesung), two important items in Indonesian
agricultural tradition.
The construction began in 1961 under the direction of
President Soekarno and the monument was opened to the public in
1975. It is topped by a flame covered with gold foil. The monument
and museum is opened daily from 08.00 – 15.00 every day
throughout the week, except for the last Monday of the month the
monument is closed.
Identification
Desciption

~ Narrative Text ~
~ Definition of Narrative Text
Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries
to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative
text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the
narrative through a process narration.
2
~ The Purpose of Narrative Text
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a
story.
~ Generic Structure of Narrative Text
1. Orientation
Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and
introduces the participants of the story: who and what is
involved in the story.
2.1
2.2
2.3

2. Complication
Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the
crisis (climax) of the main participants.
3. Resolution
The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy
ending or in a sad (tragic) ending.
4. Re-orientation/Coda
This is a closing remark to the story and it is
optional. It consists of a moral lesson, advice or
teaching from the writer.
2.3
2.4
~ Language Feature of Narrative
Text
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically
arranged

Example of Narrative Text 2.5
The Legend Of Surabaya
A long time ago in East Java there were two strong animals, Sura
and Baya. Sura was a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.
Actually, they were friends. But when they were hungry, they were very
greedy. They did not want to share their food. They would fight for it and
never stop fighting until one of them gave up.
Orien-
tation
Continue>

09/01/2015 Types of text in English 9
c
Resolu-
tion 1
Complica-
tion 1
It was a very hot day. Sura and Baya were looking for some food.
Suddenly, Baya saw a goat.
“Yummy, this is my lunch,” said Baya.
“No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy! I had not eaten for two
days!” said Sura. Then Sura and Baya fought again.
After several hours, they were very tired. Sura had a plan to stop their
bad behavior.
“I’m tired of fighting, Baya,” said Sura.
“Me too. What should we do to stop fighting? Do you have any idea?”
asked Baya.
“Yes, I do. Let’s share our territory. I live in the water, so I look for
food in the sea. And you live on the land, right? So, you look for the food also
on the land. The border is the beach, so we will never meet again. Do you
agree?” asked Sura.
“Hmm... let me think about it. OK, I agree. From today, I will never
go to the sea again. My place is on the land,” said Baya.
Then they both lived in the different places. But one day, Sura went to
the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there
was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura
broke the promise.
“Hey, what are you doing here? This is my place. Your place is in the
sea!”
“But, there is water in the river, right? So, this is also my place!” said
Sura.
Complica-
tion 2
Continue>

Then Sura and Baya fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit
Baya's tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally
gave up. He went back to the sea. Baya was very happy. He had his place
again. The place where they were fighting was a mess. Blood was everywhere.
People then always talked about the fight between Sura and Baya. They then
named the place of the fight as Surabaya, it’s from Sura the shark and Baya the
crocodile. People also put their fight as the symbol of Surabaya city.
Resolu-
tion 2

~ Recount Text ~
3
~ Definition of Recount Text
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the
past. There is no complication among the participants and
that differentiates from narrative.
~ The Purpose of Recount Text
Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience.
~ Generic Structure of Recount Text
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time.
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past.
Usually presented in chronological order, such as: "In the first day
.... And in the next day .... And in the last day ...."
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the
writer to the story.
3.1
3.2
3.3

~ Example of Recount Text
3.5
Singapore
I want to tell you about my memorable time in Singapore. It was one of
the best holidays I ever had.
I shall never forget the spectacular sight of the city. I saw from Mount
Fable that night. The roller-coaster ride, the stunts performed by the dolphins and
the killer whale at the Sea World were also exciting. I shall remember the thrill of
having been on one of the longest rides in the monorail in Sentosa Island for many
years to come.
I also enjoyed various varieties of seafood at the makeshift roadside stalls
at the Chinatown night market. I also enjoyed the shopping trips. My family and
friends agreed that the souvenirs were value for money, especially the silk scarves
with pretty prints and the attractive key chains.09/01/2015 12Types of text in English
Orien-
tation
Event
1
Event
2
~ Language Feature of Recount Text
1. Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
2. Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
3. Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
4. Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
5. Using simple past tense 3.4

~ Explanation Text ~
~ Definition of Explanation Text
Explanation Text is a text that describes the
processes associated with natural phenomena , soisal , science
, culture and others . An Explanation text is usually derived
from the corresponding author questions ' why ' and 'how ' of
an existing phenomenon.
~ The purpose of Explanation Text
The purpose of the Explanation text is to describe
the processes that occur in the formation or activity
associated with natural phenomena , social , science ,
culture , and the other aimed to explain.
4
4.1
4.2

~ Generic Structure of
Explanation Text
Structure of explanation text is as below.
1. A general statement
In a general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to
be discussed, the phenomenon could be the introduction or explanation.
2. A sequenced of explanation
A sequenced contains an explanation of the explanation why this phenomenon
may occur or be created. A sequenced of explanation in the form of answers to
the question ' why ' and 'how ' the author when making an Explanation text. In
sequenced of explanation may consist of more than one paragraph.
3. Closing
Actually closing it is not listed in the generic structure of the Explanation text,
but most people assume that the last paragraph of an Explanation text is
closing, but it is part of sequenced of explantaion which contains the final step
described in section sequenced of explanation.
4.3

~ Language Features of Explanation Text
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
4.4
~ Example of Explanation
Text
4.5
How Light Pillar Happen?
Light Pillar is one of the beautiful natural phenomenon. Light
Pillar is a local phenomenon which led to the creation of the pillars of
colorful light. Generally, this phenomenon occurs when the sun is almost
or already immersed. Scientists refer to this phenomenon as the
Incredible Optical Phenomena.
Light Pillar often occurs during the winter , when the
temperature in the area reaches less than 10 ° C. When snow or ice
crystals formed in the winter, the sun or moon light that falls on it will be
reflected to be colorful pillars. Pilar looks like a feather light extending
vertically above or below the light source , or both. Also in the form of a
pillar of light from artificial light sources such as street lamps, car lamps
or other strong light source.
This phenomenon will stop when there is no light falling on top
of the ice crystals to be reflected.
A general
statement
A
sequenced
of explana-
tion
Closing

P
R
O
C
E
D
U
R
E
T
E
X
T
5
~ Definition of Procedure Text
Procedure text is kind of text which teaches on how to
make something completely. Procedure text is dominantly
structured with imperative sentence since it actually an instruction.
Procedure text usually explain the ingredient or material which is
need, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text will
explain step by step how to make the thing.
5.1
~ The Purpose of Procedure Text
The purpose of a procedure is to tell the reader how to do or make
something.
5.2
5.3~ Generic Stucture of Procedure Text
A procedure usually has four components
1. Goal or Aim > states what is to be done
2. Materials : listed in order of use, includes items needed to
complete task
3. Method : a series of steps
4. Evaluation : how the success of the procedure can be tested

~ Language Features
of Procedure Text
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms 5.4
~ Example of Procedure Text (How to make something)
"FRIED RICE"
5.5
Nasi goreng, "fried rice" is a familiar food from Indonesia; if you want to know
how to make nasi goreng. Just follow this explanation :
Ingredients :
»350 gr. Long Grain Rice »250 gr. Chicken meat »1 Leek
»2 Tbs. Vegetable Oil »1 Onion »1 Garlic Clove
»2 Green Chillis, Sambal Ulek or Sambal Badjak »3 Eggs
»1 teaspoon Ground Coriander »3 Tbs. Kecap
»1 teaspoon Ground Cumin »250 gr. Shelled
Prawns
Steps :
This dish is best made from cold leftover rice, but you can cook a fresh batch
and leave it to cool for at least 4 hours. Beat the eggs and make into a
omelette, slice into strips and set aside. Heat the oil in a wok or large frying
pan. Add the chopped onion, leek, garlic and chillis. Fry until the onion is soft.
Add the Coriander and Cumin. Slice Chicken into strips and add with the
prawns to the onion mixture and cook, stirring occasionally until they are well
mixed. Add the rice, soya sauce and omelet strips and cook for a further 5
minutes.
Decorate with some of the leftover leek and serve hot. Enjoy.
Goal/Aim
Materials
Method
Evaluation

~ Report Text
~
6
~ Definition and Sosial Function of Report Text
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a
result of systematic observation and analysis. Some experts mentioned that its
social function is presenting information about something. They generally
describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the
planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on
~ Generic Structure of Report Text
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,
public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part
, customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
~ Language Features of Report Text
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
6.1
6.2
6.3

~ Example of Report Text6.4
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital of region
Veneto. Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice
Metropolitan Area. Venice has been known as the “Queen of the
Adriatic”, “City of Water”, “City of Bridges”, and “The City of Light”.
The city stretches across 117 small islands in the marshy Venetian
Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy.
Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an
archipelago of 117 islands formed by about 150 canals in a shallow
lagoon. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about
400 bridges. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads,
and
every form of transport is on water or on foot.
You can ride gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat
which nowadays is mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals,
or other ceremonies. Now, most Venetians travel by motorised
waterbuses (“vaporetti”) which ply regular routes along the major
canals and between the city’s islands. The city also has many private
boats. The only gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the
General
Classifi-
cation
Descrip-
tion
You can see the amusing city’s landmarks such as Piazza
San Marco, Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, Saint Mark’s Cathedral or
villas of the Veneto. The villas of the Veneto, rural residences for
nobles during the Republic, are one of the most interesting aspects
of Venetian countryside.
They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for
fashionable parties of high society. The city is also well known for its
beautiful and romantic view, especially at night.
Descrip-
tion

What is Analytical Exposition Text?7
~ Definition ofAnalytical Exposition Text
Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenonsurrounding
~ ThePurposeofAnalytical Exposition Text
Its social functionis to persuade the readerthat theidea is important matter.
~ GenericStructureofAnalytical Exposition Text
Thesis: Introducingthe topic and indicating the writer’s position
Argument1: Explaining the argumentto support the writer’s position
Argument2: Explaining the other argumentssupport thewriter’s position more
Reiteration: Restating thewriter’s position
7.1
7.2
7.3

~ Language Features of Analytical
ExpositionText
1. Using modals
2. Using actionverbs
3. Using thinkingverbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technicalterms
7. Using general andabstractnoun
8. Using connectives/transition
7.4

~ Example of Analytical
Exposition Text
7.5
THE DANGEROUS OF
SMOKINGUntil now there are still many people that keep smoking. But
we think if
everyone knows that smoking is dangerous for health. Why smoking
is dangerous?
Before we are going to smoke, it’s better to look at the fact. A
2004 study by the CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion found that cigarette smoke contains
over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer. Nearly
a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
Adult male smokers lose an average of 13.2 years of life and female
smokers lose 14.5 years of life because of smoking, and given the
diseases that smoking can cause, it can steal your quality of life long
before you die.
Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking.
Secondhand smoke also causes about 35,000 deaths from heart
disease in people who are not smokers. If we smoke five cigarettes a
day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non-
Thesis
Argu-
ment
1
Argu-
ment
2
Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop
bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non-smoker
breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked
fifteen cigarettes.
Smoking is not good for smokers and people around
smokers. However smoking is very good for Cigarette Companies.
Because they have much money from smoking habit. However
smoking is not good for everybody else.
Argu-
ment 3
Reitera
tion

~ News Item Text ~ 8
~ Definition of News Item Text
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day.
The events are considered newsworthy or important.
~ The Purpose of News Item Text
News item is a type of the text that has the main function or
communicative purpose to inform readers, listeners or viewer about
events of the day that are considered newsworthy or important.
~ Generic Structure of News Item Text
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Source(s)
8.1
8.2
8.3

~ Language Features of
News Item Text
1. Short, telegraphic information
about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and
manner.
8.4
~ Example of News
Item Text
Air Force still Investigating Cause of Plane Crash
8.5
The Air Force is still investigating the
cause of last Thursday’s military plane crash on
Mount Salak, Bogor, an officials say.
“I cannot reveal any preliminary suspicions
on the crash because we are still waiting for result of
the investigating,” Air Force spokesman Chaerudin
Ray said.
He said he was sure that human error was not the cause of the Casa
212’s crash because the Captain’s Pilot, Maj. Bendot Arjiyanto, was both an
experienced pilot and an instructor.
Chaerudin said no Casa planes belonging to the Air Force, including
the 1984 Casa light transport airplane, carried a black box.
“We only rely on the tape recorder and a record from the Jakarta air
traffic control,” he said.
(Source: The Jakarta Post, June 30, 2008)
News-
worthy
event
Back-
groun
d
event
Soure

~ Spoof Text ~
~ Definition of Spoof Text
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past
time with unpredictable and funny ending.
~ The Purpose of Spoof Text
Its social function is to entertain and share the story.
~ Generic Structure of Spoof Text
1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist(s)
~ Language Features of Spoof Text
1. Using Past Tense
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged
9
9.2
9.1
9.3
9.4

~ Example of
Spoot Text9.
5
Absence
Joe's Mother got angry because her son got a low
mark on English test.
"Why did you get such a low mark on that test?"
Asked mother angrily. Asked by his angry mother, Joe just kept
silent and went out.
A few moment, Joe came back home and met his
mother again. His mother asked the same question.
Joe answered steadily, "Because of absence."
"You mean you were absent on the day of the test?"
Mother wondered.
Joe replied, "No, but the kid who sits next to me
was."
Orientation
Event
Twist

10
~ Definition of Discussion
Text
Discussion is a text which presents
a problematic discourse. This
problem will be discussed from
different points of view. Discussion
is commonly found in
philosophical, historic, and social
text. It presents pro and contra
opinion on certain issue.
~ The Purpose of
Discussion Text
The purpose of a discussion text is
to present arguments and
information from differing
viewpoints.
10.1
10.2

~ Generic Structureof
Discussion Text
10.3
1.Issue :contains of statement and preview about something.
2. Argumentfor/Supporting argument : after statingthe issue, it is necessary to presentthe
argument to support that one point is agreeing.
3. Argument against : beside the supporting argument, discussion text need the argument
which disagree to the stated issue.
4. Recommendation/conclusion : It is used to tell how to solve issue by concerning the
arguements for and against.

~ Language Features of Discussion
Text
1. Introducing category or generic participant.
2. Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc.
3. Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc.
4. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, on
the hand, however, etc.
5. Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc.
6. Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc.
7. Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc.
10.4

~ Example of Discussion Text
TheBanon Smoking in Public Places
Smoking ban in public places has been a hot issue these last months
not only in Malta but also in various countries who are discussing the effects a
ban would have. There have been several debates on smoking ban. Even though
the harmful effects of smoking, both active and passive, are well known and
undeniable smoking is far from being in decline; it is spreading among young
people in particular quickly.
Most controversial debate is going on public smoking ban. The reason
is simple, smoking ban affects directly all people rapidly and we can see its effects
in a short-term period. There have been a lot of arguments brought up both in
favour and against a public smoking ban. Some of the arguments in favour are the
following. Smoking ban is one of the controversial ways for reducing smoking and
recognizing non-smokers’ right to health protection. The health risks of smoking
are clear. Passive smoking does carry risks. Many leading medical and scientific
organizations recognize second hand smoke as a cause of a range of life-
threatening conditions.
10.5
Issue
Supporting
argument
(continue)
Continue>

The health situation could be drastically improved if one of the risk
factors - tobacco- was eliminated. People have a right toprotect themselves from
smoke inhalation. People shouldn’t have toinhale the ill-effects of other people’s
smoking. The creation of smoke-free public places also improves air quality.
Those opposing a smoking ban say that freedom of choice would be
affected by such legislation. Some people against a ban say that smoking bans
damage business. A smoking ban could lead to a significant fall in earnings from
bars, restaurants and casinos. Another argument is that the smoker has a basic
human right to smoke in public places, and the ban is a limitation for smokers’
rights. Businesses, smokers, publicans, tobacco industries, stars, and some of the
non-smokers oppose public smoking ban. Smokers light a cigarette because they
need to smoke, not because they want it, because nicotine is physically addictive.
Therefore, some smokers think that the public smoking ban is oppressiveness.
They see the ban as a treatment to smokers as second-class citizens. Smokers
agree that the smoking ban benefits the world, but cannot support the ban,
because effects of nicotine obstructthem.
Supporting
argument
Argument
against
Continue>

Public smoking ban needs to be measured and understood
better. Smokers should not be made tolook like outcasts, but smokers should
respect non-smokers when sharing places. I agree that completely smoke-
free places are the ideal, and some businesses have taken the decision to go
completely smoke-free. However, everyone agrees that, it is a matter of rights
- the right of smokers to smoke versus non-smokers to protect from passive
smoking and tobreathe clean air.
Recommenda-
tion or
conclution

~ Review Text
11
~ Definition of Review Text
Review text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video game, musical
composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event
or performance, such as a live music concert, a play, musical theatre show or dance show.
~ The Purpose of Review Text
Review text is used to critic the events or art works for the reader or listener, such as
movies, shows, book, and others.
~ Generic Structure of Review Text
1. Orientation : Background information of the text.
2. Evaluations : Concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or recommendation. It can
consist ot more than one.
3. Interpretative Recount : Summary of an art works including character and plot.
4. Evaluative Summation : The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the
punch line of the art works being criticized.
11.1
11.2
11.3

~ Language Features of Review Text
1. Focus on specific participants 3. Using long and complex clauses
2. Using adjectives 4. Using metaphor
11.4
~ Example of Review Text
Rhymes of the Times
Author : Harold Matthew Nash
Publisher: Booksurge
Reviewed by : John Lehman
11.5
Continue>
Orienta-
tion

I particularly liked the first few pages of this book where the poet
acknowledges those who have helped him and tells us something about his
life. Too often writing is a lonely task and poetry so personal that it
excludes others until they read the final result. But both poets and
audiences are intimately involved in the process. Readers are not
consumers looking for a pair of shoes, but people trying to discover
something about how they feel, as well as understand the emotions of the
person writing the poem. This spirit of openness and participation is right
here from the start in this collection.
Harold is one of nine children, raised by his mother. In the
Introduction he tells us about public moments that have shaped his life
(Martin Luther King’s ”I Have a Dream” speech, Muhammad Ali’s “I can
float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.”) as well as very private ones like
attending the wedding of a girl he was still very much in love with. This not
only gives us an insight into the person behind these poems, it helps us
understand their inspiration and connection to things outside of the words.
“The Bee in the Web” draws on the “butterfly”/”bee” of Ali’s boast, yet
expands on it to a message of racial harmony as opposed to one of militant
aggression and separatism.
There are some great titles (“The Martian and the Wino,” “W
Stands for Wrong", ”Fasten Your Seatbelt”) and lines that make us think
(“Sometimes I feel that life’s a curse, has front-wheel drive and no reverse”
and the very poignant “I hate in order to protect yourself—you pack a gun
or mace.
Evaluation
Interpreta-
tive
Recount
(continue)
Continue>

So why don’t I say what the hell and hate the human race.”)
There are also some bad lines: “Her skin is cream, her body is slim.
Looking at her makes the average saint sin.”—perhaps, but what or who is
“the average saint”? The book ends with a sweet poem by Charla
Angeline Hultmann (and I really like the candor of her bio) called “Gift”
and “giving” is the real spirit of this book of poetry.
I will be honest, I am not a fan of rhyme. There is a delight in
adjacent sounds rubbing together—vowels held and savored, consonants
clicking in a row—but “easy” rhymes (“head”/“dead”; “love”/”dove”;
“moon”/”prune”) tend to overshadow poetic subtleties, determine word
choice and the words themselves lose their meaning, becoming clichés. But
this is the music of this poet’s generation, and there is no denying that
poetry is more alive, more meaningful and more accessible than it has ever
been at any other time during my life. PS I do love the “Osama” “mama”
rhyme. In general I think it would benefit Harold Nash’s development to
read more of the published contemporary Black poets.
But form aside, this is an honest (courageous and unflinching)
look at life today—one we need to share together for the survival of us all.
That is “Rhymes of the Times” message. And it is a good one.
Interpreta-
tive
Recount
Evaluative
Summation

~ Hortatory Exposition
Text
12
~ Definition of Hortatory Exposition Text
Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that belongs to the Class of
Argumentation.Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that influences the reader to
do something or act in a certain way. In Hortatory Exposition, there are some opinions
about certain things to reinforce the main ideas of the text.
12.1
12.2
12.3
~ The Purpose of Hortatory Exposition Text
The Purpose Hortatory exposition is to presenting and influencing the readers
that should be so or should not be
~ Generic Stucture of Hortatory Exposition Text
1. Thesis
The contain of thesis is introduction to the main idea of a effect or event that will be
raised or discussed.
2. Arguments
The contain of argument is the opinions of the writer that support the main idea. The
more opinions the authors write, the more attractive a Hortatory Exposition Text,
because readers tend to believe in an event if there are many opinions that support in it.
3. Recommendation
Recommendation contains a recommendation or solicitation writer to the reader.

~ Language Features of
Hortatory Exposition Text
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable,
trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense
12.4

~ Example of Hortatory
Exposition Text 12.5
Indonesian People Should Value
All the Different Culture to
Promote Unity of the NationIndonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many
different religions and cultures from many provinces are
now seen living side by side in many places. One of the
biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to
deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote
unity.
Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate
differences among culture for the following reasons.
Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its
archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance
among people is the best way to maintain the unity
among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are
equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by
some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of
Thesis
Argument
1
Continue>

Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that
every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus,
people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative
value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A
plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can
allow for cultural development and cultural exchange
that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural
understanding among cultures makes the world a better
place and preserves the unity of the nation.
Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to
preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling
between group members. This promotes cooperation
and social cohesion within the group. The sense of
social cooperation makes welfare, social security and
medical programs much more likely and stronger.
Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive
matter for people. Indonesian people must teach
younger generation about the importance of the cultural
identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.
Argument 2
Argument 3
Recommenda-
tion

~ Anecdote Text 13
~ Definition of
Anecdote Text
Anecdote is a text which retells
funny and unusual incidents in
fact or imagination.
~ The Purpose of Anecdote Text
Its purpose is to satirize certain people in real life
and to entertain the readers.
~ Generic Structure of
Anecdote Text
1. Abstract 4. Reaction
2. Orientation 5. Coda
3. Crisis
~ Language Features of Anecdote
Text
1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's
wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
13.2
13.3
13.1
13.4

~ Example of Anecdote Text
Corruption Court
One day, in a country that certainly not our country,
so many state officials are corrupt. However, only a few caught.
At the height of a political corruption trial,
prosecutors attacked a witness.
"Is it true," he cried, "that you receive five thousand
dollars to compromise this case?"
The witness stared out the window as if he did not
hear the question.
"Is not it true that you receive five thousand dollars to
compromise this case?" the lawyer repeated.
The witness still did not respond.
Finally, the judge said, "Sir, please answer the
question Attorney."
"Oh, sorry," the witness told the judge he
was surprised.
I thought he was talking to you."
13.5
Abstract
Orientation
Crisis
Reaction
Coda

Thanks To :-God
- Family
- Friend
- Ma’am Lely
- Many Sources
(www.englishindo.com,
www.123HelpMe.com,
anuwwaer.blogspot.com,
www.sekolahoke.com, and
ufonesia.wordpress.com )

Types of text in english

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