UNIT 1.pdf
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The document discusses the introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), including its definition, applications, characteristics such as being dynamic and self-adapting, self-configuring, using interoperable communication protocols, having a unique identity, and being integrated into information networks; it also discusses the physical design of IoT devices and protocols as well as the logical design including devices, communication, services, management, security, and applications.
UNIT 1.pdf
- 1. KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) NAMAKKAL- TRICHY MAIN ROAD, THOTTIAM DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Mr.S.HARI KUMAR Assistant Professor / ECE KNCET 20EC503PE-INTERNET OF THINGS (REGULATION-KNCET - UGR2020) UNIT I - INTRODUCTION TO IOT
- 2. Internet of Things Definition: • Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects - “things” that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. Applications • Smart Home • Smart Cities • Agriculture • Environment • Structural Health Monitoring
- 3. Characteristics of IoT Dynamic & Self-Adapting: • IoT devices and systems may have the capability to dynamically adapt with the changing contexts and take actions based on their operating conditions, user's context, or sensed environment. • For example, consider a surveillance system comprising of a number of surveillance cameras. The surveillance cameras can adapt their modes (to normal or infra-red night modes) based on whether it is day or night. • Cameras could switch from lower resolution to higher resolution modes when any motion is detected and alert nearby cameras to do the same. In this example, the surveillance system is adapting itself based on the context and changing (e.g.. dynamic) conditions.
- 4. Characteristics of IoT Self-Configuring: • loT devices may have self-configuring capability, allowing a large number of devices to work together to provide certain functionality (such as weather monitoring). • These devices have the ability configure themselves (in association with the loT infrastructure), setup the networking, and fetch latest software upgrades with minimal manual or user intervention. Interoperable Communication Protocols: • loT devices may support a number of interoperable communication protocols and can communicate with other devices and also with the infrastructure.
- 5. Characteristics of IoT Unique Identity: • Each IoT device has a unique identity and a unique identifier (such as an IP address or a URI). • IoT systems may have intelligent interfaces which adapt based on the context, allow communicating with users and the environmental contexts. • IoT device interfaces allow users to query the devices, monitor their status, and control them remotely, in association with the control, configuration and management infrastructure. Integrated into Information Network: • IoT devices are usually integrated into the information network that allows them to communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems. • loT devices can be dynamically discovered in the network, by other devices and/or the network, and have the capability to describe themselves (and their characteristics) to other devices or user applications.
- 6. Physical Design of IoT Things in IoT: • The "Things" in IoT usually refers to loT devices which have unique identities and can perform remote sensing, actuating and monitoring capabilities. • loT devices can exchange data with other connected devices and applications (directly or indirectly), or collect dataa from other devices and process the data either locally or send the data to centralized servers or cloud-based application back-ends for processing the data, or perform some tasks locally and other tasks within the loT infrastructure, based on temporal and space constraints (i.e., memory, processing capabilities, communication latencies and speeds, and deadlines). Figure 1.3 shows a block diagram of a typical loT device.
- 7. Physical Design of IoT
- 8. Physical Design of IoT IoT Protocols: Link Layer: • Link Layer Protocols determine how data is physically sent over the networks physical layer or medium. • Local network connect to which host is attached. Hosts on the same link exchange data packets over the link layer using link layer protocols. • Link layer determines how packets are coded and signaled by the h/w device over the medium to which the host is attached. Link Layer Protocols: • 802.3-Ethernet:IEEE802.3 is collection of wired Ethernet standards for the link layer. Eg: 802.3 uses co-axial cable; 802.3i uses copper twisted pair connection; 802.3j uses fiber optic connection; 802.3aeuses Ethernet over fiber. • 802.11-WiFi:IEEE802.11 is a collection of wireless LAN(WLAN) communication standards including extensive description of link layer. Eg: 802.11a operates in 5GHzband, 802.11b and 802.11g operates in 2.4GHz band, 802.11n operates in 2.4/5GHzband, 802.11acoperates in 5GHz band, 802.11ad operates in 60 Ghzband.
- 9. Physical Design of IoT
- 10. Physical Design of IoT Network/Internet Layer: • Responsible for sending IP datagrams from source n/w to destination n/w. Performs the host addressing and packet routing. Datagrams contains source and destination address. Network/Internet Layer Protocols: • IPv4:Internet Protocol version 4 is used to identify the devices on a n/w using a hierarchical addressing scheme.32 bit address. Allows total of 232 addresses. • IPv6:Internet Protocol version 6 uses128 bit address scheme and allows 2128 addresses. • 6LOWPAN:(IPv6over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network) operates in 2.4 GHz frequency range and data transfer 250kb/s.
- 11. Logical Design of IoT Device : • An IoT system comprises of devices that provide sensing, actuation, monitoring and control functions. Communication: • The communication block handles the communication for the IoT system. Services: • An IoT system uses various types of IoT services such as services for device monitoring, device control services, data publishing services and services for device discovery. Management: • Management functional block provides various functions to govern the IoT system. Security: • Security functional block secures the IoT system and by providing functions such as authentication, authorization, message and content integrity, and data security. Application : IoT applications provide an interface that the users can use to control and monitor various aspects of the IoT system. Applications also allow users to view the system status and view or analyze the processed data.
- 12. Logical Design of IoT