Unit 3 communication media
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This document discusses various communication media including twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, wireless transmission, and cellular networks. It describes the different types of each medium, their applications, and key technical aspects like bandwidth and range. The document covers transmission media for both wired systems like Ethernet and telephone networks as well as wireless technologies including radio, satellite, and cellular communication systems from 1G to 3G.
Unit 3 communication media
- 1. UNIT - 3 COMMUNICATION MEDIA
- 3. CLASSES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
- 5. UTP and STP cables
- 10. Applications Twisted-pair cables are used in telephone lines to provide voice and data channels. The local loop-the line that connects subscribers to the central telephone office---commonly consists of unshielded twisted-pair cables. The DSL lines that are used by the telephone companies to provide high-data-rate connections also use the high-bandwidth capability of unshielded twisted-pair cables. Local-area networks such as 10Base-T and 100Base-T, also use twisted-pair cables.
- 11. Coaxial Cable
- 15. Applications Coaxial cable was widely used in analog telephone networks where a single coaxial network could carry 10,000 voice signals. Later it was used in digital telephone networks where a single coaxial cable could carry digital data up to 600 Mbps. However, coaxial cable in telephone networks has largely been replaced today with fiber-optic cable. Cable TV networks also use coaxial cables. In the traditional cable TV network, the entire network used coaxial cable. Later, however, cable TV providers replaced most of the media with fiber-optic cable; hybrid networks use coaxial cable only at the network boundaries, near the consumer premises. Cable TV uses RG-59 coaxial cable. Another common application of coaxial cable is in traditional Ethernet LANs. Because of its high bandwidth, and consequently high data rate, coaxial cable was chosen for digital transmission in early Ethernet LANs. The 10Base-2, or Thin Ethernet, uses RG-58 coaxial cable with BNe connectors to transmit data at 10 Mbps with a range of 185 m. The 10Base5, or Thick Ethernet, uses RG-11 (thick coaxial cable) to transmit 10 Mbps with a range of 5000 m. Thick Ethernet has specialized connectors.
- 17. Optical fiber
- 20. FIBER TYPES
- 22. Fiber Optic Cable Connectors
- 24. Advantages of Optical Fiber Higher bandwidth Less signal attenuation Immunity to electromagnetic interference Resistance to corrosive materials. Light weight Greater immunity to tapping
- 25. Disadvantages of Optical Fiber Installation and maintenance Unidirectional light propagation Cost
- 26. UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to as wireless communication. Signals are normally broadcast through free space and thus are available to anyone who has a device capable of receiving them.
- 27. Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication
- 29. Bands (Radio frequency allocation)
- 31. Radio Waves Electromagnetic waves ranging in frequencies between 3 kHz and 1 GHz are called radio waves
- 32. Terrestrial Microwaves Electromagnetic waves having frequencies between I and 300 GHz are called microwaves.
- 34. Three Categories of Satellites
- 35. GEO Satellites
- 37. Trilateration on a plane
- 38. LEO Satellites
- 39. Iridium Teledesic The Iridium system has 66 satellites in 6 LEO orbits, each at an altitude of 750 km Teledesic has 288 satellites in 12 LEO orbits, each at an altitude of 1350 km.
- 42. 1. Transmitting 2. Receiving 3. Handoff 4. Roaming
- 45. Second Generation (2G) …
- 46. D-AMPS
- 47. GSM
- 48. Third Generation