Unit-8 Factors Affecting Phychological
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The document outlines the various factors affecting the psychological development of adolescents, emphasizing the significance of community, family, and media influences. It discusses ecological theory and socialization processes within family dynamics as crucial for adolescent growth. The text highlights the role of schools in fostering positive development and suggests media can serve as a beneficial tool if utilized effectively.
Unit-8 Factors Affecting Phychological
- 1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD ONLINE WORKSHOP FACTORS AFFECTING PHYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS (ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY) CC 8653 Presented by: Ch. M. Ashraf m.ashraf0919@gmail.com tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 2. ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra UNIT-8 FACTORS AFFECTING PHYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS
- 3. INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a period of life with specific health and development needs. It is also a time to develop knowledge and skills, manage emotions and relationships and acquire attributes / abilities that will be important for enjoying the adolescent years and assuming adult roles. This stage requires special care from adults. An adolescent longs for personal identity, striving for autonomy and independence. In this unit we are going to discuss the external factors that influence the development of an adolescent. 3 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 4. OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the students can be able to: • Understand how community is important for the development of an adolescent • Understand how family can play a role in the psychological development of an adolescent • Elaborate the importance of media in adolescent development 4 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 5. NATIONAL AND LOCAL COMMUNITY AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING ADLESCENTS − Community has been defined as a geographical locality or a group of individuals who share common goals. − Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 1995) ecology theory, emphasizes the importance of social context in the study of the influence of the community on the adolescent. − School, workplace, race, climate etc. represent important influences. But we consider only three components in this regard. (1) Peers (2) Neighborhoods (3) Media The peer and other social interactions take place in the neighborhood or community. − Neighborhood influences are modest as compared with the influence of parent income, parent education and other family influences. 5 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 6. NATIONAL AND LOCAL COMMUNITY AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING ADLESCENTS 1. Ecological Theory Bronfenbrenner’s (1986, 1995) ecology theory emphasizes the importance of development of individuals within embedded, interconnected contexts, person-process-context-time model to show the importance of environment on process as a function of individual characteristics. − It offers a framework through which community psychologists examine individual’s relationships within communities and the wider society – also referred to as the ecological / systems framework. continue ……. 6 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 7. NATIONAL AND LOCAL COMMUNITY AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING ADLESCENTS Four hierarchical contexts in which development and interaction of persons processes occur (1) Micro-System (2) Meso-System (3) Exo-System (4) Macro-System 7 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 8. FAMILY INFLUENCE ON ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT Socialization in families is the primary arena of social influence and security. Families influence adolescents through socialization process – or the social dynamics that make the young capable of participation in interpersonal relationships and through which a society replicates itself. 8 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 9. FAMILY INFLUENCE ON ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 1. The Family Stress Model of Economic Hardship 9 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra Economic Hardship 1. Low Income 2. High Debt, Low Assests 3. Negative Financial Events Economic Pressure 1. Unmet material needs 2. Unpaid debts 3. Painful Outbacks Parents Distress 1. Emotional Problems 2. Beharioural Problems Disrupted Family Relations 1. Interparental Conflict / withdrawal 2. Harsh, inconsistent parenting Child and Adolescent Adjustment 1. Emotional, Behavioral Problems 2. Impaired Competence
- 10. FAMILY INFLUENCE ON ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT 2. Socialization in Families ➢ A pattern of dynamic interaction exists between developing adolescents and their social environments which includes influential factors – biological, physical, psychological and socio- cultural levels. ➢ Socialization is a complex, multidirectional process involving the family, the most important source of information involving other social institutions – school, mass media, religious and other govt. institutions as well as neighborhoods. 10 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 11. INFLUENCE OF MEDIA ON ADOLESCENTS Media is the most influential factor on the lives of today’s adolescents. Electronic and print media has gained a lot of time of the youth in everyday life. But it should be used for productive purpose. 1. Suggested Interventions Brown et al (2006): Media should be used as a positive force in the lives of young people – such as increasing knowledge or changing specific attitudes, providing health messages or answers to adolescents’ questions through C.D-ROMs and DVDs providing information about sexually transmitted diseases etc. 11 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 12. INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL ENVIRNMENT ON ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ➢ School is a primary context for the development of adolescents. The schools should use a wide range of strategies to change social and behavioral traits of their students. ➢ It is also to improve teachers’ instructional skills, behavioral management skills, guidance and counseling techniques etc. 1. Diversity of Strata in Schools 2. Suggested Intervention 12 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 13. 13 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra FACTORS AFFECTING PHYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS
- 14. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT 14 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra