Unit-5 Social Development in Adolescent Psychology
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The document is a comprehensive overview of social development in adolescent psychology, emphasizing the role of education and family in shaping social skills. It outlines major theories such as attachment theory, ecological theory, and Vygotsky's social interaction theory, alongside the importance of peer relationships and self-concept development. Ultimately, it aims to prepare learners to understand and enhance social development within various environments.
Unit-5 Social Development in Adolescent Psychology
- 1. ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD ONLINE WORKSHOP SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY CC 8653 Presented by: Ch. M. Ashraf m.ashraf0919@gmail.com tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 3. INTRODUCTION A society is peaceful, progressing and prosperous if all its members perform their duties towards others in a respectful manner. The promotion of members of society with respect to their life longevity, education decent standard of living (per capita income) is called social development. All segments of society should be kept on the path of peace, prosperity and stability. In this unit we are going to study about social development of children and adults through the process of education and training to prepare them for their future role in the society. Social development can be ensured as per indices set by UNDP and other organizations. 3 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 4. OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the learners will be able to • Explain the concept of social development • Compare various theories of social development • Discuss different aspects of nature of social development • Justify the role of family in the social development of adolescent’s • Elaborate the role of peers in social development of young ones • Describe the school role in social development in the light of different theories 4 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 5. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Attachment theory of social development Attachment of care givers with the child provides a foundation for all future social development (Bowlby, 1988). 2. Psychological Theory of personality Development Eriskon (1950) theory related to the social development. i. Trust VS Mistrust ii. Autonomy VS shame and doubt iii. Initiative VS guilt iv. Industry VS inferiority 5 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 6. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 3. SOCIAL INTEREACTION THEORY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Vygotsky (1978) argued that the cognitive functions are connected to the external (social) world .He gave two concepts a. A zone of proximal development (ZPD) Children learn in a systematic and logical way as a result of dialogue /interaction with a more skilled or competent adult or a peer. Lower Boundary of ZPD: Performance of the child without assistance and Upper Boundary of ZPD: No performance with the assistance of the teacher When engaged in “Scaffording” the teacher is involved in the initial stages of learning and provides less support, eventually the child demonstrates mastery of task alone. 6 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 7. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 4. ECOLOGICAL THEORY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Bronfenbrenner (1979) says that people develop within three environmental systems. a. Micro-systems (school and classroom) b. Macro-system (larger one affecting all individuals – practical, conceptual age) c. Meso-system - (family and school experiences as well as interpreter of the macro-system) 7 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 8. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 5. CONSTRUCTIVIST’S THEORY OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Bandura (1965, 1977, 1986) Three categories can influence on developing social competence and are related reciprocally. a) Behaviours that the child and adolescent observe within home or culture b) Cognitive factors - expectations of success c) Social factors - classroom and school climate 8 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 9. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF Self-Concept • The existential self • The categorical self Carel Rogers (1959) believes that the self-concept has three different components. •Self-image •Self-esteem or self -worth •What you wish you were really like (ideal self) 9 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 10. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF -Self-Image (What you in yourself) Self-image is affected by some factors - parental influences, friends etc. -Self-Esteem and self –worth:- (The extent to which you value yourself) -Ideal-Self (What you’d like to be) Incongruent Congruent Fig – A Fig - B 10 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra Self -image Ideal-self Self Image Ideal Self
- 11. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF Four major factors which influence development of congruence i. The way in which others react to you ii. How you think you compare to other iii. Your social roles iv. The extent to which you identify with other people 11 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 12. NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELF -Self- concept theory (How do you see yourself) 3.Aspects of self-concept theory ▪ Self-concept is learned (A product of socialization and development) ▪ Self-concept is organized ▪ Self-concept is dynamic 12 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 13. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP AND ADOLESCENCE • Open communication • Family environment • Changing role of parents • Role modeling • Parental monitoring 13 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 14. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE From infancy to adulthood, peer relations affect one’s personality from all aspects. Early problems with peers have negative consequences for child’s later social and emotional development Development in adolescence Peer relationship in childhood are often helpful in making the young realize their own worth and capabilities. These relations have great impact on their social and moral development • Friendship advances • Peer interaction in development and socialization 14 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 15. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE ❖ Perspective from personality theory (How someone differs from another) Theories of personality development ❖ Psychoanalytic and Neo-psychoanalytic views Some theorists like Sigmund Freud, Erikson, Jung etc gave little importance to friendship and peer experiences for personality development. However peer groups can play a role in the process of personality development on the following grounds. a. Peers do not arouse anxiety or guilt b. Peer group respects competencies and guide the adolescents in social and personal issues c. The peers provide critical feedback about the adolescents attributes. 15 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 16. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE ❖ Sullivan’s Psychiatry of Interpersonal Relationships Sullivan described five basic social needs across the period from infancy to adolescence: Tenderness, co-participation in sports, acceptance by others, interpersonal intimacy and sexual contact which are fulfilled by parents, peers, same sex best friends and opposite sex partners 16 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 17. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE ❖ Havighurst’s Developmental Task Approach According to Havighurst’s adaptation to peers can be viewed as one of main important “tasks” in development. Happiness and unhappiness is based on the achievement of these tasks. Havighurst stresses on peer relationship as a task of childhood Other tasks in middle childhood − Development of social skills. − The learning of appropriate social attitudes. − Achievement of personal independence. 17 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 18. PEER RELATIONSHIP IN ADOLESCENCE ❖ Developmental Constructivist Approach Piaget (1932) and Vygotsky (1978) have stressed how structural features of interpersonal relationships influence the development of knowledge, language, social problem-solving skills and moral behavior. Hartup (1989) characterized distinction between horizontal VS vertical relationships. ❖ Cognitive Development Piaget and Vygotsky - Constructivists hold that peer interaction can promote cognitive status of children. Parent’s Role (To be aware of the peers’ activities) 18 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 19. SCHOOL ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy 1. Attachment theory 2. Control theory i. Involvement in social unit ii. Attachment iii.Commitment to the unit iv. Belief in the values of the unit 19 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 20. SCHOOL ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 3.The Social Development Model Children's’ are socialized through four processes. o Perceived opportunities for involvement in interaction with others o Actual involvement o Skill for involvement / interaction o Perceived rewards from involvement and interaction 20 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
- 22. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT 22 By: Ch. M.Ashraf tinyurl.com/z3j85t57 Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra