Various forms of education
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Formal education refers to pre-planned education in institutions like schools and colleges, with a set curriculum, timetable, and trained teachers. Informal education occurs incidentally through daily life experiences with family and community without a curriculum or teachers. Non-formal education occurs outside of formal schools and is intentionally planned without rigid rules, serving identified groups of any age through flexible programming. All three types - formal, informal, and non-formal - have merits and should be integrated to provide comprehensive education.
Various forms of education
- 1. Various Forms of Education Dr.M.Deivam Assistant Professor Department of Education The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu – 624 302
- 3. Formal Education: Meaning • “Formal education is that which is continuously and deliberately planned for modification of behaviour with a particular end in view.”
- 4. Characteristics • It is pre-planned direct, organized and given in specific educational institutions such as schools and colleges. • It is limited to a specific period and it has well- defined curriculum. • It is given by qualified and trained teachers. • Formal education observe strict discipline.
- 5. Cont., • Formal education can be primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary levels in the school, undergraduate and post graduate level in the colleges and universities which can be in Art, Science, Technical and Professional areas.
- 6. Merits • Imbibes self- discipline • Continuous learning • Generates habit of reading & writing • Education from qualified teachers
- 7. Informal Education: Meaning • Informal Education is that education which an individual acquires without attending any educational organisation, system or institution. • Example: Market place, A hotel, One’s sitting room talking with others constitute informal education, Television, radio and Films.
- 8. Characteristics • It is not pre-planned • It is indirect, incidental and spontaneous • no specific agencies or institutions are there like schools to impart this type of education • No formal ends or goals or objectives are there • takes place from the day to day activities, experiences and living in the family or community or even in the school and colleges incidentally either through informal interaction or by observation of various things.
- 9. Cont., • No prescribed time table or curriculum is there • No qualified or trained teachers are there • No examinations or awarding of certificates take place • It is provided by informal agencies such as home or family or community
- 10. Merits • Anywhere & Anytime • Takes place every location. • Uses a variety of methods. • Lifelong education. • Focuses on Early stage development of learner.
- 11. Non-Formal Education • Non-formal education refers to education that occurs outside the formal school system. • Non-formal education is often used interchangeably with terms such as community education, adult education, lifelong education and second- chance education.
- 12. Characteristics • It is intentional, incidental and given outside the formal system, i.e., school. • It is consciously and deliberately planned, organized and systematically implemented. • It is an open system of education without rigid rules, regulations and fixed stages or time schedule. • It is a life-long process, integrated with life and work.
- 13. Cont., • It is life oriented and environment based. • It is intended for all ages. • It is programmed to serve the needs of identified groups of different categories if and when they need. • It necessitates flexibility in designing the curriculum and the scheme of evaluation. • social or adult education, distance education are the examples of non-formal education.
- 14. Merits • According to UNESCO (2010), non-formal education helps to ensures equal access to education, • Eradicate illiteracy among women • Improve women's access to vocational training, science, technology and continuing education. • It also encourages the development of non- discriminatory education and training.
- 15. BASIS Formal Informal Non - Formal Time Restricted till School or college. Life long process. Its is a continuous process. Mental strain Heavy No. Little . Agency Schools, colleges, university. Home, market, playground, temple. Structured organization and institutes providing DE. Aim Intellectual development of man. It lays stress practicality. All-round development of man. Curriculum Fixed syllabus and curriculum. Curriculum is the life itself. No fixed curriculum. There is need based syllabus. Rules It has rigid and fixed rules and regulations. There are no rules and regulations. It has flexible rules and regulations. Source Taught by trained teachers. It is received from any and every person. Taught by experienced trainers.
- 16. BASIS Formal Informal Non - Formal Age Particular age No age limit No age limit Restriction Restriction of freedom All freedom No Restriction Result Always Good Sometime NegativeSometimes Good Sometimes Bad Place Place is fixed Not fixed Fixed for sometimes
- 17. Conclusion • All these three types of education - formal, informal and non-formal, have their due place in the modern system of education. Each has its own merits and demerits. There is need to integrate the three forms and make education holistic and comprehensive.
- 18. Thank You