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Virtually There:
                                  A Comparison of Conventional Navigational Aids with HUD Alternatives
                                                      BEN D. SAWYER, AMIR N. AHMED, HEATHER M. MONG, AND BENJAMIN A. CLEGG
                                                             Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO

                           Introduction                                                                                                                                          Results
•Navigation information is plentiful, how to best deliver that                                 Conditions
information to the driver in a safe and salient fashion?
•Most modern navigational aids have only digitized traditional aids; the       Heads Up Display                                                 Turns
quality of driving instructions themselves has changed very little              presented a series of
                                                                                large green arrows.                                             •Participants took a
•Heads up displays (HUDs), a technology frequently utilized in aviation         Participants simply                                             significantly fewer
(Crawford & Neal, 2006), has made little impact on roadway navigation           drove to the next
                                                                                arrow, which would                                              number of incorrect turns
•Roadway HUDs displaying useful information, such as speed, have                shrink and disappear as                                         when driving in the HUD
shown potential benefits both in collision avoidance and navigation             they approached.
                                                                                                                                                condition.
(Pierowicz et al., 2000; Regan, 2004; Caird et al., 2008)
                                                                               Verbal-before
                                                                               the researcher gave           Turn left on Atlantic
                                                                               verbal turn-by-turn         Road. Then turn left on
                                                                                                          Southern Blvd. After that
                                                                               street name based           turn left on Rio Rancho
                                                                               instructions before the               Blvd…
                                                                                                                                                Speeding
                            Experiment                                         drive. The participant
                                                                               would then follow them                                           •A potential cost in the
Participants                                                                   from memory.
                                                                                                                                                HUD condition exists.
•8 from an introductory psychology course for voluntary class credit
•Current driver’s license and normal or corrected vision
                                                                               Verbal-during
                                                                               the researcher gave        Turn left                Turn left
Method                                                                         sequential verbal turn
                                                                                                          on Atla…                 on Sout…


•5 environments driven by participant navigating toward a goal                 by turn instructions as
                                                                               the participant drove.
•5 navigational aid conditions tested and contrasted                                                                   Turn left
                                                                                                                      on Rio R…

•5 sequential correct turns to successfully navigate each map

Measures
•Driving times and successes in reaching the goal                              Map-before
                                                                               participants viewed a
•1collision hazard (a dog) plus multiple distracters                           map of the route with
•Ease of Use survey by condition                                               directions before
                                                                               beginning the drive,
•Ranking of the five navigational aids ‘easiest to most difficult to           which was then
use’ before debriefing                                                         completed from                                                    Unexpected Event Detection            Ease of Use
                                                                               memory.                                                           •HUD showed no advantage or           •A trend exists toward greater perceived
                                                                                                                                                   disadvantage.                       ease of use in the HUD condition.
                                                                               Written instructions
                                                                               identical to map-before,
                                                                               except that participants
                                                                                                                                                                               Discussion
                                                                               were given a sheet of                                           •The HUD condition appears to minimize driver error while tending to ease the
                                                                               paper on which they                                             subjective process of navigating
                                                                               could write directions
                                                                               to bring on the drive.                                          •A GPS-based HUD could improve the way in which navigation information is
                                                                                                                                               delivered and in turn potentially improve road safety
                                                                                                                                               •However, HUD use appears to be associated with speeding
                                                                                                                                               •Roadway HUD will soon be both technologically and economically feasible
                                                                                                                                               •Further investigation into the exact benefits of HUD technology over Heads Down
                        Colorado State’s Driving Simulator                                                                                     Displays (HDD), audio cue and other navigational aids is warranted

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Virtually There: A Comparison of Conventional Navigational Aids with HUD Alternatives

  • 1. Virtually There: A Comparison of Conventional Navigational Aids with HUD Alternatives BEN D. SAWYER, AMIR N. AHMED, HEATHER M. MONG, AND BENJAMIN A. CLEGG Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Introduction Results •Navigation information is plentiful, how to best deliver that Conditions information to the driver in a safe and salient fashion? •Most modern navigational aids have only digitized traditional aids; the Heads Up Display Turns quality of driving instructions themselves has changed very little presented a series of large green arrows. •Participants took a •Heads up displays (HUDs), a technology frequently utilized in aviation Participants simply significantly fewer (Crawford & Neal, 2006), has made little impact on roadway navigation drove to the next arrow, which would number of incorrect turns •Roadway HUDs displaying useful information, such as speed, have shrink and disappear as when driving in the HUD shown potential benefits both in collision avoidance and navigation they approached. condition. (Pierowicz et al., 2000; Regan, 2004; Caird et al., 2008) Verbal-before the researcher gave Turn left on Atlantic verbal turn-by-turn Road. Then turn left on Southern Blvd. After that street name based turn left on Rio Rancho instructions before the Blvd… Speeding Experiment drive. The participant would then follow them •A potential cost in the Participants from memory. HUD condition exists. •8 from an introductory psychology course for voluntary class credit •Current driver’s license and normal or corrected vision Verbal-during the researcher gave Turn left Turn left Method sequential verbal turn on Atla… on Sout… •5 environments driven by participant navigating toward a goal by turn instructions as the participant drove. •5 navigational aid conditions tested and contrasted Turn left on Rio R… •5 sequential correct turns to successfully navigate each map Measures •Driving times and successes in reaching the goal Map-before participants viewed a •1collision hazard (a dog) plus multiple distracters map of the route with •Ease of Use survey by condition directions before beginning the drive, •Ranking of the five navigational aids ‘easiest to most difficult to which was then use’ before debriefing completed from Unexpected Event Detection Ease of Use memory. •HUD showed no advantage or •A trend exists toward greater perceived disadvantage. ease of use in the HUD condition. Written instructions identical to map-before, except that participants Discussion were given a sheet of •The HUD condition appears to minimize driver error while tending to ease the paper on which they subjective process of navigating could write directions to bring on the drive. •A GPS-based HUD could improve the way in which navigation information is delivered and in turn potentially improve road safety •However, HUD use appears to be associated with speeding •Roadway HUD will soon be both technologically and economically feasible •Further investigation into the exact benefits of HUD technology over Heads Down Colorado State’s Driving Simulator Displays (HDD), audio cue and other navigational aids is warranted