W 6 & 7 comp software

Week-6 & 7 Computer Software Software Types of Software System Software Operating System Utility Programs Application Software Word Processor Spread Sheet

Software Computer Instructions or data, anything that can be stored electronically is called Software . The term software refers to the computer programs, routines and packages required to utilize and control the operation of the computer system. Such as DOS, Windows, MS-Office or user developed programs. Computer program is the sequences of instructions for the computer, which comprise software . Package is a commonly used term for a computer program (or group of programs) that have been developed by a vendor and is available for purchase in a prepackaged form.

Types of Software System Software divided into two types System Software Application Software

System Software System Software includes the Operating System and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. System software is a term referring to any computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that application software can perform a task. Example: Operating Systems, Utility Programs

Computer Software Relationships User Interface Basic Input and Output Services (BIOS) needed for a computer to boot up User Interface Operating System User Interface Application Programs Computer Hardware

System Software (Cont’d) Operating System It is an integrated set of programs that use to manage the various resources and overall operations of a computer system. Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work. It is the software the enables all the programs we use. The OS organizes and controls the hardware. OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware. Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc…

System Software (Cont’d) What OS does? An operating system performs basic tasks such as, Controlling and allocating memory, Prioritizing system requests, Controlling input and output devices, Facilitating networking and Managing file systems

System Software (Cont’d) Types of Operating System Operating System can also be classified as: Single User Systems Multi User Systems Single User Systems Provides a platform for only one user at a time. They are popularly associated with Desk Top operating system which run on standalone systems where no user accounts are required. Example: DOS, MAC operating system was single user operating system. Apple MAC operating system users, used menu & icons rather than commands.

System Software (Cont’d) Multi User Systems The operating system through which many users can work with single computer at a time is called Multi User Operating System. Provides regulated access for a number of users by maintaining a database of known users. Refers to computer systems that support two or more simultaneous users. Another term for multi-user is time sharing . Ex: All mainframes are multi-user systems. Example: Unix, Windows NT, Linux etc…

System Software (Cont’d) Utility Programs An Utility Program is a type of software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing or maintaining the computer system. Utility Programs are often built into in operating system, For example, Utility Program for finding files, troubleshooting, and repairing system problems etc…

Device Drivers Programs which handle the various hardware devices, e.g., mouse, keyboard, CD Drive, etc. For example, an application wants to print a document It call the operating system which sends the information to the device driver together with instructions and the printer driver handles all the control of the printer

Application Software Application Software includes programs that do real work for user. Today a wide variety of application software are available. Example: Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database Management System etc.,

Application Software (Cont’d) Word Processors Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating, editing, and printing documents. Word processors will normally have the following capabilities built into them: Spell checking Standard layouts for normal documents Have some characters appear in bold print, italics, or underlined Center lines, make text line up on the left side of the paper, or the right side of the paper Save the document so it can be used again print the document. Examples: WordPerfect, WordStar and Microsoft Word

Application Software (Cont’d) Spreadsheets The spreadsheet packages are designed to use numbers and formulas to do calculations with ease. Spreadsheet is a group of values & other data organized into rows, & columns. The document of spreadsheet is called Workbook. Examples of spreadsheets include: Budgets Payrolls Grade Calculations Address Lists The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123.

Application Software (Cont’d) Graphic Presentations The presentation programs more easily convey information to others people. Other uses include: Slide Shows Repeating Computer Presentations on a computer monitor Using Sound and animation in slide shows The most recognized graphic presentation programs are Microsoft PowerPoint.

Application Software (cont’d) Database Management System (DBMS) A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to store, access, and process data into useful information. Database programs are designed for these types of applications: Membership lists Student lists Grade reports Instructor schedules All of these have to be maintained so you can find what you need quickly and accurately. Example:Microsoft Access, dBASE, FOXPRO, Oracle.

Application Software (cont’d) Communication Software Communication means transferring of idea’s, emotions, information between terminals/ sites / people or computers. So the software which control such communication are called Communication Software. A widely used communication software is a Web browser, which allow user with an internet connection to access & view web pages. Example: Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firfox etc…

Web Browser Application Software that allows users to view Web content such as text, images, videos, music, games and other information located on a web page at a web site on the www. Or A program on a computer that accepts requests for information, processes the requests and allows you to navigate to resources on the Internet. Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Netscape Navigator Web browsers were introduced by companies like Mozilla, Netscape, and Microsoft. More recently, Google entered the browser market. On the Web, you navigate--commonly known as browsing or surfing

Google Google is one of the most popular brands on the Internet and this was proved by the numerous surveys conducted by the research companies. Because it is so famous, most of the Internet users are frequently talking about it just like about a person. But have you ever asked yourselves what Google means or at least where the Google term comes from? Well, Dictionary.com, one of the most popular web-based dictionaries defines Google as "a trademark used for an Internet search engine. This trademark often occurs in print as a verb, sometimes in lowercase." But still no definition of the world. According to the Google guys, the company's name comes from the word 'googol' which is actually a number invented by Milton Sirotta. Probably the Google name is related to the number of the results provided by the search technology which is usually huge. "The name 'Google' is a play on the word 'googol,' coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner. A 'googol' refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by 100 zeros. It's a very large number. In fact, there isn't a googol of anything in the universe -- not stars, not dust particles, not atoms. Google's use of the term reflects our mission to organize the world's immense (seemingly infinite) amount of information and make it universally accessible and useful," Google tried to explain the origins of the company's name. Because it is a company name, Google is a noun. Logically. However, slowly but sure, it evolves and tends to become a verb as numerous users refer to the act of searching the Internet as "googling". For example, I heard some friends saying "I'm going to Google it," meaning that they will search the Internet using the Google search engine. GOOGLE is stands for "Giving Opinions & Options Generously Linked Everywhere".

Web Browser (Cont’d) Hyperlinks/ Links One way to navigate the WWW is by clicking on a link. A link is an area of a Web page that, when you click on it, will take you from the page you are presently viewing to another page either within the same site or to an entirely different site. Links can be anything on a page. Examples: Graphical or textual elements Underlined text; Images; color varies but is often blue, Objects in motion etc

E-mail A system for transmitting messages and data from one computer to another, using a telephone connection and modems or other communication technology .

Application Software (cont’d) Accounting Software Accounting software that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, and payroll. It functions as an accounting information system Peachtree Peachtree is an accounting application for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) made by Sage Software. Peachtree enables comptrollers and managers to automate and manage numerous accounting tasks, like: * Reconciling accounts payable and receivable. * Creating financial statements, check invoices. * Tracking banking transfers and payroll. * Importing and manipulating spreadsheets. * Integrating scanned documents like checks, receipts and invoices, eliminating paper from the accounting process.

Application Software (cont’d) Peachtree minimum system requirements include at least a 1 GHz processor and 512 MB of RAM for a single user installation of Peachtree. 1.8 GHz processor and 1 GB of RAM is recommended for multiple users. For optimal operation of either version on a given workstation, Sage suggests 1 GB of free disk space, Internet access, Internet Explorer 6.0 and at least Windows 2000 SP3.

Open Source Software Open source software (OSS) is computer software whose source code is available under a license that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. It is often developed in a public, Group manner. Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache, etc.,

Proprietary Software Proprietary software (also called non-free software ) is software with restrictions on using, copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor. Restrictions on use, modification and copying is achieved by either legal or technical means and sometimes both. Software copyright is commonly used by proprietary software companies to prevent the unauthorized copying of their software. Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft. Ex: Norton Antivirus etc…

Freeware Software Freeware ("free" and "software") is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee. Software classified as freeware is normally fully functional for an unlimited time with no cost. Freeware can be proprietary software available at zero price. The author usually restricts one or more rights to copy, distribute, and make derivative works of the software. The software license may impose restrictions on the type of use including personal use, individual use, non-profit use, non-commercial use, academic use, commercial use or any combination of these. For instance, the license may be "free for personal, non-commercial use".

Windows Use of start Menu Customize the desktop Use of Windows Help Use of Windows accessories Word pad Calculator Paint Managing files and folders using My Computer Managing files and Folders using Windows Explorer Managing Recycle bin operations Internet Explorer (Send/receive E-Mail, Browsing Internet)

The Windows Desktop It is the main screen that you see when you start Windows. The Windows Desktop is like your personal desktop, where you put your favorite files and stuff. You can personalize it the way you want, so that it can fit your needs and represent your style. Some people have shortcuts to documents and other paper work on their desktop, while others have their desktop filled with shortcuts to games. So you can personalize your Windows desktop to represent yourself and your style!

Icons Icons are small pictures that represent files and/or folders on your hard disk. When you double click an icon with your mouse it will open the file of folder that it represents. Icons can be dragged and moved around the desktop, so that you can arrange them the way you want. Different types of files have different type of icons. Windows XP also includes a new feature that allows you to give a folder a unique icon. The My Computer icon is the way to a window that displays hard drives, other devices installed on your computer like scanners, cameras, etc and documents.

Icons (Cont’d) The My Documents icon represents the My Documents Folder which store source documents. You can put you pictures, videos, music and other files here. The Recycle Bin icon represents the Recycle Bin, a system folder that stores files you want to remove from your computer. Windows stores these files here, because you might want to restore them. After you delete files from the Recycle Bin you can not get them back.

Icons (Cont’d) Changing folder icons To change a folder icon, you must first right click the folder, and then select proprieties. A list of default icons will appear . You will chose one you like from the list and then click OK. You can also choose another icon on your disk, by clicking browse, and giving the path to it. Then, from the propriety Window, you will click Apply, or OK to apply the settings.

Taskbar The taskbar On the foot of your Windows desktop, you will notice a long bar. This is the Windows Taskbar. Programs, files, or folders you open, will appear on the taskbar. For example, on the taskbar, Windows Media Player and the “tutorial” folder are opened. Windows can also be minimized, which means that they are running in background. To display a window that is running in background, you can just click it from the taskbar. Windows is a multitasking operating system, which means that more applications can be run in the same time.

Taskbar (Cont’d) In MS DOS, you could only run one application at a time. Multitasking is a really great advantage, because you can easily switch between applications and transfer data from one application to another. So the taskbar can also help you to easily switch between applications. If you want a window to run in background just click minimize. The window will not be closed, and you can always bring it back on the screen, by clicking it on the taskbar.

Taskbar (Cont’d) Configuring the taskbar To configure the Windows taskbar, right click it and select Proprieties. From the taskbar tab you can configure the following options: Lock the taskbar - will delimit the Quick launch and other bars from the main taskbar; Auto-hide taskbar – will hide the taskbar. To display the taskbar it is just necessary to put the mouse over the place it is located (hidden). After the mouse leaves the certain area, the taskbar will disappear. Keep the taskbar on top of other Windows – it will always display the taskbar on the screen.

Taskbar (Cont’d) Group similar taskbar buttons: - Enables the new option in Windows XP. Sometimes your taskbar might be full of icons. To manage the opened windows better, this new option groups the similar taskbar icons into a single one. If you have 10 Internet Explorer windows open, they will all be grouped into a single taskbar icon. Show Quick Launch : - It will show or hide the Quick Launch Show the clock: - Shows or hides the clock from the right side of the taskbar. Hide inactive icons: - It enables or disables a new feature made available in Windows XP; hiding the icons from the System Tray, when they become inactive. You can also customize the hiding and showing of the icons in the system tray, but only if the “Hide inactive icons” setting is enabled.

Taskbar (Cont’d) Hide when inactive: - Hides the icon when it is not active (default) Always hide : - Hides the icon no matter if it is active or inactive Always show : Always shows the icon, no matter if it is active or inactive.

The Quick Launch Near the Start Button on the taskbar. It is a small place for applications you use most frequently. The Windows default applications for the Quick launch are: the “Show Desktop” application (it is used to show the Windows Desktop); Explorer (Internet Browser). You can always add and remove icons from the Quick Launch.

The System Tray The System Tray is the right place of the taskbar, where you can see the clock, and also see active or inactive connections, or some applications that are running. In Windows XP, inactive items can also be hidden (if this feature is enabled), and you can see them by clicking the round button on the left side of the system tray.

The language bar The language bar is used for switching between the languages that are installed on the system. You can click on the icon and select a language from the ones available. You can also use the language bar to select and manage other language options that are installed on your computer. You can add and remove languages available on the language bar from Control Panel -> Regional and Language Options.

The Start Menu The Start Menu is like a quick menu from where you access all your programs (that you use more recently). To access the start menu click the start button on the left side of the taskbar or press the Windows Logo Key on your keyboard. Windows XP has a new and simplified start menu designed to fit your needs and preferences. The Windows XP Start Menu has two columns: The first one is for programs you recently use, and the other is for shortcuts to places on your computer, like: My Computer, My Documents, My Pictures, etc.

The Start Menu (Cont’d) On the bottom of the first column, there is a menu called “All Programs”. This menu shows all the programs that are installed on your computer. The classic Windows Start Menu only contained a menu similar to the All Programs menu.

The Turn Off & Log Off Buttons The Turn Off Button on the bottom of the Start Menu will display options for shutting down the computer or other features that are available on the system. The Log Off Button will display options about Logging off or switching users.

The Turn Off & Log Off Buttons (Cont’d) Standby is a state in which your monitor and hard disks turn off, so that your computer uses less power. When you want to use the computer again, it comes out of standby quickly, and your desktop is restored exactly as you left it. Use standby to save power when you will be away from the computer for a short time while working. Because Standby does not save your desktop state to disk, a power failure while on Standby can cause you to lose unsaved information. Hibernation is a state in which your computer shuts down to save power but first saves everything in memory on your hard disk. When you restart the computer, your desktop is restored exactly as you left it. Use hibernation to save power when you will be away from the computer for an extended time while working.

The Run Button The Run Button on the second column of the Start Menu will display a Window from which you can type a path to o file or a program on your computer, on the network or internet. After this the selected file or program will be automatically opened. Examples: Typing “C:\Games\” will open the folder Games located on the C:\ drive; Typing “write” will open Word Pad; Typing “cmd” or “cmd.exe” will open the Command Prompt or the Windows Console. Typing \\Computer1 will explore the computer named Computer1 on the network; Typing \\192.168.1.145 will explore the computer with IP 192.168.1.145 on the network.

The Search Button The Search Button on the Start Menu will open a window from where you can search files or folders on you hard disk (s) or also on the internet. You can also choose from advanced search options, like searching only pictures, music, or video. You can also specify the approximate size of the file and the approximate date when it has been created.

The Help & Support Center Button The Help and Support Center Button on the Start menu opens Windows Help, from where you can find articles and tips about working with Windows. You can search articles that refer to your problems or misunderstandings, or you can select articles by browsing trough the categories and menus.

Other buttons on the Start Menu Printers and Faxes button – displays all printers and faxes installed on the computer and enables configuring these devices. Control Panel button – opens the Control Panel, from which you can configure and change settings, manage hardware and software resources on your computer. My Computer, My Documents, My Pictures, My Music, and My Videos Buttons – open the specified folders they represent. Example: If you click the My Documents button, it will open Documents.

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