Weather how to read the weather maps 6.3
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The document discusses weather terminology and forecasting. It defines terms like air mass, air pressure, fronts, and precipitation. It explains how weather data is collected through satellites, radars, and other tools. Forecasting is done by analyzing this data using weather maps and models. Different types of weather like cold fronts and high pressure systems are indicated with symbols on maps.
Weather how to read the weather maps 6.3
- 1. WEATHER HOW TO READ THE SIGNS BY KELLA RANDOLPH M. ED. Photo by Don Amaro from Madeira Islands, Portugal, upload by Herrick 17:17, 4 December 2007 (UTC) / CC BY 2.0
- 2. Weather refers to day-to- day temperature and precipitation activity. • Climate is for the averaging of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time.
- 3. CONTENTS Terms for weather maps How weather data is collected How weather forecasting is done Some types of weather and their weather map symbols
- 4. SOME TERMS FOR WEATHER MAPS • Air mass • Air pressure • Cold front • High-pressure system • Knot • Low-pressure system • Precipitation • Warm front
- 5. AIR MASS – a large body of air that is similar in temperature, humidity, and air pressure throughout. Air masses can measure hundreds or even thousands of miles across. Image courtesy of http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/maps/upa/jet.rxml https://goo.gl/images/1TuUSD
- 6. AIR PRESSURE • – the force of air on a surface. • Air pressure is equal to the weight of a vertical column of air divided by the area of the base of the column. • Air pressure is measured in millibars (mb). • At sea level, air pressure averages 1,013 millibars • Image courtesy of NOAA https://goo.gl/images/Yh6Mgy
- 7. COLD FRONT – the boundary between an advancing mass of relatively cold air and a mass of warmer air. o The denser cold air moves below the warm air and pushes it up. o Cold fronts often are associated with gusty winds, intense rain, and thunderstorms. o On a weather map, a cold front is indicated by a row of triangles. Image courtesy of the Cooperative Institute of Atmospheric Studies https://goo.gl/images/yodiAx
- 8. HIGH-PRESSURE SYSTEM • – a region in which the atmospheric pressure is higher than in the surrounding areas. • High-pressure systems are associated with relatively dry air and sunny weather. • High-pressure systems are also known as anticyclones. • Image: https://goo.gl/images/q33jb5
- 9. KNOT • – a unit of speed equal to 1.151 miles per hour. • The barbs on the “feathers” point to the direction the wind is coming from. • Image: https://goo.gl/images/4mYdWY
- 10. HOW FAST IS THE WIND MOVING? IMAGE: HTTPS://GOO.GL/IMAGES/GLI2XH
- 11. LOW-PRESSURE SYSTEM • a region in which the atmospheric pressure is lower than in the surrounding areas. • Low-pressure systems are associated with relatively moist air and cloudy conditions. • Low-pressure systems are also known as cyclones. • Low pressure symbol is in red • https://goo.gl/images/JqsfRo
- 12. PRECIPITATION • Precipitation is water that falls to Earth’s surface. • Types of precipitation include rain, sleet, snow, hail, and mist. • Image: https://goo.gl/images/aEjEi7
- 14. WARM FRONT • – the boundary between an advancing mass of relatively warm air and a • mass of colder air. • o The warm air moves above the cold air, rising up gradually. • o Warm fronts are often associated with overcast skies and gentle showers. • o On a weather map, a warm front is indicated by a row of semicircles. • https://goo.gl/images/6BnUJT
- 17. • The jet stream is a current of fast moving air found in the upper levels of the atmosphere. This rapid current is typically thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers wide, and only a few kilometers thick. Jet streams are usually found somewhere between 10-15 km (6-9 miles) above the earth's surface. The position of this upper-level jet stream denotes the location of the strongest SURFACE temperature contrast (as in the diagram to the right). • Map courtesy of the University of Illinois: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/ maps/upa/jet.rxml JET STREAM CURRENT OF RAPIDLY MOVING AIR
- 18. JET STREAMS • During the winter months, Arctic and tropical air masses create a stronger surface temperature contrast resulting in a strong jet stream. However, during the summer months, when the surface temperature variation is less dramatic, the winds of the jet are weaker. • Below is an ETA Model forecast panel for 300 mb winds and geopotential heights (white contours). The color filled regions indicate wind speed in knots and is color coded according to the legend at the bottom of the image. The shades of blue indicate winds less than 60 knots, while winds greater than 120 knots are given in shades of red. • Image: https://images.app.goo.gl/syvkQ5bRdUJhrtZh9
- 19. HOW WEATHER DATA IS COLLECTED • Radars have an important role in the field of meteorology. These devices send out and receive signals providing valuable information about the location and intensity of precipitation. Advanced Doppler radar technology goes beyond simple detection to providing high resolution reflectivity and estimated velocity data, which is vital to short term forecasting and severe weather prediction. Satellites • Graphic by: Steven E. Hall: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/rs/home.rxml https://images.app.goo.gl/empXefZmYgSKtybZ8 https://images.app.goo.gl/q6hQzN944JvLtd EY8
- 20. HOW WEATHER FORECASTING IS DONE HTTPS://WWW.STAR.NESDIS.NOAA.GOV/G OES/GOES16_CONUS.PHP Photo by NASA / Public domain
- 21. GOES AND POES SATELLITES • The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)/ Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) program is a key element in National Weather Service (NWS) operations. • The GOES/POES mission is composed of two geostationary satellites and two polar orbiting satellites. These satellites operate in pairs. The geostationary satellites, GOES-East covering the East Coast and GOES-West covering the West Coast, provide real-time weather data for use in short-term weather forecasting (warnings of severe weather) and space environment monitoring, as well as research and development. The polar orbiting satellites primarily provide long-range weather forecasting, ensuring that non-visible data, for any region of the Earth, are no more than six hours old • NASA: https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/programs/goes-poes
- 22. PHOTO OF EARTH MADE BY THE GOES-EAST IMAGE VIEWER FULL DISK VIEW - GEOCOLOR : 7 MAR 2018 - 1700 GMT HTTPS://WWW.STAR.NESDIS.NOAA.GOV/GOES/ https://images.app.goo.gl/ro2K4zDDmBMBVw5x9 https://images.app.goo.gl/bvfwxUSGrCnxMGg8A
- 23. GOES • The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellitesystem (GOES), operated by the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service division, supports weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research. • Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - Wikipedia • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosta tionary_Operational_Environmental_Sat ellite
- 24. NOAA RETIRES POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITE SATELLITE EXCEEDED ANTICIPATED LIFESPAN BY EIGHT YEARS APRIL 10, 2013 • It was one of NOAA's longest operating spacecraft, which have a typical lifespan of three years. The shutdown will result in no data gap, as NOAA-17 was being used as a back-up satellite and was removed from service after several key systems on board became inoperable. • NOAA and its partners at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are continuing to build the next generation of polar-orbiting satellites, the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), which is scheduled to launch the JPSS-1 satellite in 2017. • http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2013/20130410 _noaa17retire.html
- 26. SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANNE O’CARROLL (EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR THE EXPLOITATION OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, EUMETSAT) KENNETH S. CASEY (NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NOAA) HTTP://CEOS.ORG/OURWORK/VIRTUAL-CONSTELLATIONS/SST/
- 27. NASA'S EARTH SCIENCE PROGRAM USES SATELLITE IMAGING • This is a composite image of the North African Continent. A dust storm can be seen blowing off the coast of Morocco in the northwest corner. • Image: MODIS band combination 1,4,3. https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science
- 28. SOME TYPES OF WEATHER AND THEIR WEATHER MAP SYMBOLS COURTESY OF WEATHER.GOV HTTPS://GOO.GL/IMAGES/GA5TBN
- 29. HOW TO READ THE SYMBOLS AND COLORS ON WEATHER MAPS • Published January 29, 2016, Written by Tiffany Means, • https://goo.gl/images/jWSmLt
- 30. THE BEAUFORT SCALE IS THE STANDARD MEASUREMENT FOR DESCRIBING WIND SPEED AND ASSOCIATED WAVE HEIGHT WITH SEA CONDITIONS ON A SCALE OF 1-12 WITH 1 BEING CALM, FLAT CONDITIONS AND 12 BEING HURRICANE FORCE WINDS GREATER THAN 118 KM/HOUR WITH HUGE WAVES IN EXCESS OF 14 METERS.SAVED FROM SWIMSWITHSEALS.COM HTTPS://WWW.PINTEREST.COM/PIN/75224194 3979266243/
- 31. WORKS CITED • Teachers and Educators: Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers to print out, copy and distribute the pages herein to their students for educational purposes: University of Illinois http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wwhlpr/terms.r xml?hret=/guides/maps/upa/jet.rxml • https://goo.gl/images/gA5TBN • http://ceos.org/ourwork/virtual-constellations/sst/
Editor's Notes
- #25: Copy this url and paste it into a search bar. It will take you to a LIVE GOES images program. You can see weather information in real time! https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/GOES/